National Identity
- Official name
- Republic of Serbia
- Official name (in Serbian, Cyrillic script)
- Република Србија
- Official name (in Serbian, Latin script)
- Republika Srbija
- Name etymology
the country takes its name from the Serb people; the origin of their name is unclear but may derive from the Caucasian root word ser, meaning "man"
Sources:- Constitution of the Republic of Serbia ↗ - The Government of the Republic of Serbia
- The World Factbook: Serbia - CIA
- Coat of arms
- National flag
- National anthem
- Bože pravde (Боже правде)1:44
- Title (in Serbian, Cyrillic script)
- Боже правде
- Title (in Serbian, Latin script)
- Bože pravde
- Title (in English, translated)
- God of Justice
- Lyrics
1Боже правде, ти што спасе од пропасти досад нас, чуј и одсад наше гласе и од сад нам буди спас.
Моћном руком води, брани будућности српске брод, Боже спаси, Боже храни, српске земље, српски род! Боже спаси, Боже храни, српске земље, српски род!
2Сложи српску браћу драгу на свак дичан славан рад, слога биће пораз врагу а најјачи српству град.
Нек на српској блиста грани братске слоге златан плод, Боже спаси, Боже храни српске земље, српски род! Боже спаси, Боже храни српске земље, српски род!
3Нек на српско ведро чело твог не падне гнева гром Благослови Србу село поље, њиву, град и дом!
Кад наступе борбе дани к’ победи му води ход Боже спаси, Боже храни српске земље, српски род! Боже спаси, Боже храни српске земље, српски род!
4Из мрачнога сину гроба српске славе нови сјај настало је ново доба Нову срећу, Боже дај!
Отаџбину српску брани пет вековне борбе плод Боже спаси, Боже брани моли ти се српски род! Боже спаси, Боже брани моли ти се српски род!
Source: - Citizens
- Serbs
- Official name:Constitution of the Republic of Serbia ↗ - The Government of the Republic of Serbia
- Official name, Citizens:The World Factbook: Serbia - CIA
- National anthem:nationalanthems.info ↗
Geography
- Location
- Total area
- 77,474 km²
- Land area
- 77,474 km²
- Water area
- 0.00 km²
- Land borders
- 2,322 km(8 countries)
- Romania
- 531 km
- Kosovo
- 366 km
- Bosnia and Herzegovina
- 345 km
- Bulgaria
- 344 km
- Croatia
- 314 km
- Hungary
- 164 km
- Montenegro
- 157 km
- North Macedonia
- 101 km
Source:- The World Factbook: Serbia - CIA
- Coastline
- 0 km(Landlocked)
- Terrain
Extremely varied; to the north, rich fertile plains; to the east, limestone ranges and basins; to the southeast, ancient mountains and hills - Mean elevation
- 442 m
- Highest point
- 2,169 mMidzor
- Lowest point
- 35 mDanube and Timok Rivers
- Climate
In the north, continental climate (cold winters and hot, humid summers with well-distributed rainfall); in other parts, continental and Mediterranean climate (relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall and hot, dry summers and autumns) - Avg. temperature
- 11.3 °C
- Avg. daily range
- 6.4 to 16.2 °C
- Annual precipitation
- 779 mm
Temperature °CMeanDaily rangePrecipitation mmMonthly climate normals Month Avg. high, °C Mean, °C Avg. low, °C Precipitation, mm January 3.4 0 −3.3 54 February 6.1 1.9 −2.2 53 March 11.3 6.3 1.4 65 April 16.8 11.4 6 72 May 21.5 16.1 10.5 86 June 25.3 19.9 14 83 July 27.5 21.7 15.6 72 August 28 21.7 15.6 57 September 22.6 16.7 11.4 61 October 16.9 11.5 6.8 57 November 10.4 6.2 2.6 57 December 4.2 1.1 −1.9 62 Country-wide averages over 1991–2020.
Sources:- The World Factbook: Serbia - CIA
- Climate Change Knowledge Portal (ERA5 reanalysis) ↗ - World Bank
- Weather
- Loading
- Land use2023
- Arable31.0%Perm. crops2.5%Pasture6.6%Forest40.4%Other27.2%
- Arable land
- 2,603,000 hectares (31.0%)
- Permanent crops
- 214,000 hectares (2.5%)
- Permanent meadows & pastures
- 556,000 hectares (6.6%)
- Forest
- 3,395,840 hectares (40.4%)
- Other land
- 2,289,356 hectares (27.2%)
Reported categories cover 107.7% of the land area.
Source: - Natural hazards2026
- River floods7.7Very high#26/191Earthquakes5.3High#69/191Epidemics3.2Low#150/191Drought2.9Low#104/191Tsunamis0.0Very lowTropical cyclones0.0Very lowCoastal floods0.0Very low
Scores out of 10, ranks out of 191 countries.
Source:- INFORM Risk Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
- Location, Land borders, Coastline, Terrain, Mean elevation, Highest point, Lowest point, Climate, Major rivers:The World Factbook: Serbia - CIA
- Climate:Climate Change Knowledge Portal (ERA5 reanalysis) ↗ - World Bank
- Land use:FAOSTAT Land Use domain ↗ - FAO
- Natural hazards:INFORM Risk Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
Demographics
- Population change2026
- −0.70% per year−47,075 people/yearWorld Rank215thof 237
- Birth rate
- 8.6 per 1,000 population
- Death rate
- 14.3 per 1,000 population
- Net migration rate
- −0.9 per 1,000 population
- 2026
- 44.7 yearsWorld Rank26thof 237
- Age structure2026
- 0-14 years14.2%15-64 years62.4%65 years +23.4%
- Share aged 65 and over
- 23.4%
- Share aged under 18
- 17.2%
- Total dependency ratio
- 60
- Youth dependency ratio
- 23
- Elderly dependency ratio
- 37
- Sex ratio
- 0.9 male / female
MaleAgeFemalePopulation by age group, % of total population Age Male Female 80+ 1.6% 3.2% 70-79 5.0% 6.9% 60-69 6.1% 7.2% 50-59 6.6% 7.1% 40-49 7.0% 7.2% 30-39 6.2% 6.2% 20-29 5.2% 5.3% 10-19 5.0% 4.9% 0-9 4.7% 4.6% - 2026
- 0.59 below the replacement level for Serbia ()1.51 births per womanreplacement 2.10123World Rank166thof 237
- 0.72 daughters per woman0.28 below replacement, long-run each generation smaller than the lastreplacement 1.000.511.5
- 2026
- −5.7 per 1,000 populationfor every 1,000 people, 5.7 more deaths than births a year
- 2026
- −0.9 per 1,000 population
- Urbanization2026
- 62.9% live in cities4,178,626 urban residents
- Largest cities2022
- Belgrade, Novi Sad, Niš, KragujevacRankCity or SettlementPopulation (2022 census)1Belgrade1,197,7142Novi Sad260,4383Niš178,9764Kragujevac146,3155Subotica88,7526Pančevo73,4017Novi Pazar71,4628Čačak69,5989Zrenjanin67,12910Smederevo59,261Source:
- Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia (2022 census), via City Population by Thomas Brinkhoff ↗
- Population distribution
- A fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations.
- Ethnic groups2011
- Most ethnic Albanians boycotted the 2011 census.Serb83.3%Hungarian3.5%Romani2.1%Bosniak2.0%Other5.7%Unspecified3.4%
Roma are usually underestimated in official statistics and may be 5-11% of Serbia's population.
Source:- The World Factbook: Serbia - CIA
- Religions2022
- Serbian Orthodox81.1%Unknown5.3%Muslim4.2%Catholic3.9%No response2.5%Atheist1.1%
Other Christians, Protestant, and agnostic each account for less than 1%.
Source:- The World Factbook: Serbia - CIA
- Languages
- Serbian (Српски)
- Population, Population change, Median age, Age structure, Total fertility rate, Net reproduction rate, Natural change, Net migration rate:UN World Population Prospects ↗
- Urbanization:UN World Urbanization Prospects ↗
- Largest cities:Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia (2022 census), via City Population by Thomas Brinkhoff ↗
- Population distribution, Ethnic groups, Religions:The World Factbook: Serbia - CIA
Government & Administration
- Form of state
- RepublicThe President of the Republic is elected at direct elections by secret ballot; the Constitution calls Serbia "a state of the Serbian people and of all citizens who live in it" (Arts. 1, 114).
- System of government
- Semi-presidentialAlthough often described as parliamentary, Serbia is classified as semi-presidential because it combines a directly elected President with a Government that the National Assembly elects by a majority of all deputies and can remove by a no-confidence vote (Arts. 127, 130).Source:
- Territorial organisation
- Unitary
- Official websites
- Government (in Serbian)
- President
- Parliament (in Serbian, English available)
- Capital
- Belgrade1.7 million people(2022)
- National holidays
- 13 days in 2026
- ThuJan 1New Year's Day
- FriJan 2New Year's Day
- WedJan 7Orthodox Christmas Day
- SunFeb 15Statehood Day
- MonFeb 16Statehood Day
- TueFeb 17Statehood Day (observed)
- FriApr 10Good Friday
- SatApr 11Holy Saturday
- SunApr 12Easter Sunday
- MonApr 13Easter Monday
- FriMay 1Labor Day
- SatMay 2Labor Day
- WedNov 11Armistice Day
Nationwide public holidays only, excluding regional, bank and government-only days.
- Time
- Currency
- Serbian Dinar (RSD)
- Entry requirements
- Official visa and entry information
- Calling code
- +381
- Internet TLD
- .rs
- ISO 3166-1 codes
- RS, SRB
- Infrastructure
- Passengers carried
- 3,868,570 by the country's airlines(2023)
- Heliports
- 11
- Aircraft departures
- 43,287 by the country's airlines(2023)
- Air freight
- 19.3 million tonne-km(2023)
- Aircraft registration prefix
- YU
Sources:- The World Factbook: Serbia - CIA
- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Flag carrier
- Air SerbiaState-owned
- Passenger rail
- Srbijavoz
- 2025
- 33 / 100World Rank116thof 182
Significant declinerDown 9 points since 2016, when it scored 42.
Confidence intervalCorruption index score by year Year Score Lower bound Upper bound 2012 39 35 44 2013 42 36 48 2014 41 36 46 2015 40 34 46 2016 42 36 48 2017 41 36 46 2018 39 34 44 2019 39 34.9 43.1 2020 38 35.3 40.7 2021 38 35.7 40.3 2022 36 33.8 38.2 2023 36 33.9 38.1 2024 35 32.7 37.3 2025 33 29.7 36.3 Source:- Corruption Perceptions Index 2025 ↗ - Transparency International, CC BY 4.0
- Form of state, System of government, Territorial organisation:Устав Републике Србије (Службени гласник РС бр. 98/2006 и 115/2021), consolidated text ↗ - Constitutional Court of Serbia
- National holidays:Open World Holidays Framework (vacanza/holidays) ↗
- Infrastructure:The World Factbook: Serbia - CIA
- Infrastructure:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Corruption Perceptions Index:Corruption Perceptions Index 2025 ↗ - Transparency International, CC BY 4.0
Economy
- Upper middle income
- GDP growth (real)2026
- +3.3% per yearWorld Rank85thof 195
- GDP per capita (PPP)2026
- GDP per capita (nominal)
- $17,126 (71st in the world)
Source:- 2024
- Services58.8% of GDPIndustry23.1% of GDPAgriculture3.2% of GDPManufacturing12.7%part of industry
- Households
- +62.4%
- Government
- +18.5%
- Investment
- +23.4%
- Exports
- +54.3%
- Imports
- −58.6%
The shape of the economyGDP by end useSource:- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Inflation2026
- 3.1%down 0.8 percentage points0.8pp from 2025
- Labor force2024
- 3.4 million (51% of population)World Rank102ndof 187
- Labor force participation2024
- 59.2% of people aged 15+
- Unemployment2024
- 7.2%
- Youth unemployment2024
- 21.4% ages 15 to 24
- Labor productivity2024
- $28.2 per hour worked at PPP
- Budget balance2026
- 3.4% of GDP deficit
- Current account
- 4.7% of GDP, $5.2 billion deficit
Source: - Debt2024
- Government debt44.5% of GDPCentral government debt47.2% of GDPSource:
- Trade2025
- Goods$36.7 billion68%
- Services$17.2 billion32%
- Total exports
- $53.9 billion
- Change from 2024
- up 12.6 percent on the previous year12.6%
Sources:- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- The World Factbook: Serbia - CIA
- 2024
- +0.77World Rank37thof 145
- Projected GDP growth
- +1.8% a year over the next 10 years
Source:- Atlas of Economic Complexity ↗ - Harvard Growth Lab
- Agricultural products2024
- Plums and sloes, Sunflower seed, Sugar beet, and 7 more
- 1Plums and sloes20.6×
- 2Sunflower seed8.1×
- 3Sugar beet4.4×
- 4Chillies and peppers (green)2.9×
- 5Maize (corn)2.8×
- 6Apples2.7×
- 7Barley2.5×
- 8Wheat2.5×
- 9Meat of pig with the bone (fresh or chilled)1.6×
- 10Watermelons1.2×
ProductSource:- FAOSTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Gold reserves2025
- 52.5 tonnesWorth $7.4 billion, 22% of total official reserves by value
- Industries
- automobiles, base metals, furniture, food processing, machinery, chemicals, sugar, tires, clothes, pharmaceuticals
- Income level, GDP by sector, Trade, Gold reserves:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- GDP (nominal), GDP growth (real), GDP per capita (PPP), Inflation, Budget balance:IMF World Economic Outlook ↗
- Labor force, Labor force participation, Unemployment, Youth unemployment, Labor productivity:ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
- Debt:IMF Global Debt Database ↗
- Trade, Industries:The World Factbook: Serbia - CIA
- Economic Complexity Index:Atlas of Economic Complexity ↗ - Harvard Growth Lab
- Agricultural products:FAOSTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
Cost of Living
- Cost of living index
- Loading
- Monthly costs (excluding rent)
- Loading
- Rent
- Loading
- Buying an apartment
- Loading
- Average gross salary2025
- €1,380 per month$1,559 (USD), $3,062 (PPP)
- Median
- €1,191 per month($1,346)
- Men
- €1,492 per month($1,686)
- Women
- €1,258 per month($1,421)
Source:- ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
- 2025
- RSD 72,396 per month, gross$696 (USD), $1,368 (PPP)
- Share of the average gross salary
- 45%
Source:- ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
- Average gross salary, Minimum wage:ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
Society
- 2023
- 0.833Very highWorld Rank62ndof 193SerbiaWorld
Human Development Index by year Year Serbia World 1995 0.686 0.625 1996 0.692 0.631 1997 0.698 0.636 1998 0.699 0.641 1999 0.685 0.646 2000 0.701 0.651 2001 0.707 0.657 2002 0.711 0.662 2003 0.720 0.669 2004 0.732 0.675 2005 0.743 0.681 2006 0.753 0.688 2007 0.763 0.694 2008 0.773 0.698 2009 0.774 0.701 2010 0.775 0.707 2011 0.785 0.713 2012 0.788 0.717 2013 0.792 0.721 2014 0.795 0.726 2015 0.802 0.731 2016 0.806 0.735 2017 0.808 0.739 2018 0.814 0.741 2019 0.817 0.745 2020 0.809 0.742 2021 0.807 0.742 2022 0.826 0.752 2023 0.833 0.756 Source:- Human Development Report ↗ - United Nations Development Programme
- 2023
- 32.8
- Mean years of schooling2023
- 11.6 years
- Expected for a child today
- 15 years
Source:- Human Development Report ↗ - United Nations Development Programme
- Literacy2022
- 99.3% of adults
- Education expenditure2023
- 3.4% of GDP
- Share of government spending
- 8.4%
Source:- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Internet users2024
- 87.7% of the population
- Households with Internet access
- 88.8%
Source:- ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Mobile subscriptions2024
- 8.2 million
- Fixed telephone lines
- 2,423,344
- Fixed broadband
- 33.4 subscriptions per 100 people
Counts subscriptions, not people.
Source:- ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Credit-card ownership2024
- 24% of adults
- Debit-card ownership
- 75%
- Account at a bank or mobile-money provider
- 83%
- Made or received a digital payment
- 77%
Source:- Global Findex Database ↗ - World Bank
- Refugees hosted2025
- 39,403 people
- Asylum seekers
- 200
- Stateless persons
- 1,636
- Internally displaced persons
- 194,000All due to conflicts
- Refugees from Serbia abroad
- 30,666
Sources:- Refugee Data Finder ↗ - UN Refugee Agency
- Global Internal Displacement Database ↗ - Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre
- Inbound tourists2024
- Official tourism site2.4 million arrivalsup 29% against 201929% above 2019World Rank62ndof 139
- Per resident
- 3.5 arrivals per 10 residents
- $3.5 billion(2023)
- $3.5 billion(2023)
- Hotel beds
- 79,595
- Average hotel stay
- 2.2 nights
Overnight arrivals by year2010 to 2024A tourist stays at least one night. Arrivals count trips, not people.
Source:- UN Tourism Data Dashboard ↗ - UN Tourism
- UNESCO World Heritage Sites
- 4 sites4 cultural
Site Stari Ras and Sopoćani Studenica Monastery Gamzigrad-Romuliana, Palace of Galerius Stećci Medieval Tombstone Graveyards Source:- The World Factbook: Serbia - CIA
- Human Development Index, Mean years of schooling:Human Development Report ↗ - United Nations Development Programme
- Income inequality (Gini), Education expenditure:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Literacy:UIS Data Browser ↗ - UNESCO Institute for Statistics
- Internet users, Mobile subscriptions:ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Credit-card ownership:Global Findex Database ↗ - World Bank
- Refugees hosted:Refugee Data Finder ↗ - UN Refugee Agency
- Refugees hosted:Global Internal Displacement Database ↗ - Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre
- Inbound tourists:UN Tourism Data Dashboard ↗ - UN Tourism
- UNESCO World Heritage Sites:The World Factbook: Serbia - CIA
Crime & Safety
- Travel advisory (US)
- Loading
- Active humanitarian crisisAug 2026
- None - no active crisis
- Homicide rate2024
- Very low by global standards0.9 per 100,000 peopleWorld Rank86thof 115
- Crime rates
- 7 offence categories
Offence Per 100,000 Count Year Homicide (victims) 0.9 60 2024 Serious assault 80.1 5,423 2023 Sexual violence 7.9 537 2023 Kidnapping 0.1 10 2023 Burglary 139.8 9,491 2022 Theft 258.8 17,574 2022 Vehicle theft 8.5 579 2022 A low figure can also mean weak recording.
Source:- UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
- Prison population2023
- 172.8 per 100,000 people
- Persons held
- 11,701
Source:- UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
- Active humanitarian crisis:INFORM Severity Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
- Homicide rate, Crime rates, Prison population:UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
Health
- Life expectancy2026
- 77.3 years
- Health expenditure2023
- 8% of GDP$984 per person
- Physicians2022
- 3.1 per 1,000 population
- Hospital beds2022
- 5.8 per 1,000 population
- Infant mortality2026
- 3.7 per 1,000 live births
- Maternal mortality2023
- 11 per 100,000 live births
- Alcohol consumption2022
- 9 litres of pure alcohol per adult per year
- Tobacco use2023
- 39.6% of adults
- Men
- 39.4%
- Women
- 39.9%
Source:- Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Alcohol and Tobacco Spending2023
- 7.8% of household spendingWorld Rank2ndof 105
- World median
- 3.1%
Source:- The World Factbook: Serbia - CIA
- Road traffic deaths2019
- 7.5 per 100,000 population
- Life expectancy, Infant mortality:UN World Population Prospects ↗
- Health expenditure, Physicians, Hospital beds, Road traffic deaths:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Maternal mortality:Maternal mortality estimates ↗ - UN Maternal Mortality Estimation Inter-agency Group
- Alcohol consumption, Tobacco use:Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Alcohol and Tobacco Spending:The World Factbook: Serbia - CIA
Environment
- 2024
- 16.1 µg/m³ of PM2.51.1 years of life expectancy lost against the WHO guidelineMost polluted83rdof 236
- WHO guideline
- 5 µg/m³
- National standard
- 25 µg/m³
Source:- Air Quality Life Index ↗ - Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago
- Environmental issues
- air pollution around Belgrade and other industrial cities
- water pollution from industrial wastes in rivers
- inadequate management of domestic, industrial, and hazardous waste
- International agreements
- 18 of 20 landmark treaties in forceParty to 116 multilateral environmental agreements
Treaty Standing Joined Climate Paris Agreement in force 2017 UN Framework Convention on Climate Change in force 2001 Kyoto Protocol in force 2008 Ozone layer Montreal Protocol in force 2001 Vienna Convention (Ozone Layer) in force 2001 Biodiversity Convention on Biological Diversity in force 2002 CITES in force 2002 Convention on Migratory Species (Bonn) in force 2008 Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety in force 2006 Nagoya Protocol in force 2019 Land and heritage Ramsar Convention on Wetlands in force 1992 World Heritage Convention in force 2001 UN Convention to Combat Desertification in force 2008 Chemicals and waste Basel Convention in force 2000 Rotterdam Convention (PIC) in force 2009 Stockholm Convention (POPs) in force 2009 Minamata Convention on Mercury signed 2014, not ratified Oceans UN Convention on the Law of the Sea in force 2001 High Seas Treaty (BBNJ) signed 2025, not ratified MARPOL 73/78 in force 2006 Source:- International Environmental Agreements Database ↗ - Université Laval
- Air pollution:Air Quality Life Index ↗ - Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago
- Environmental issues:The World Factbook: Serbia - CIA
- International agreements:International Environmental Agreements Database ↗ - Université Laval
Food & Water
- No access to safe drinking water2022
- 0.8% of the population
- Renewable water2022
- 162 billion m³ per year
- Per person
- 23,884 m³ per year
- Annual water withdrawal
- 5.1 billion m³ per year
- Withdrawn for agriculture
- 8%
- Water stress
- 6% of available freshwater withdrawn
Source:- AQUASTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Undernourishment2022
- 3.3% of the population300,000 people
- Obesity2024
- 21.8% of adults
- Men
- 25.6%
- Women
- 18.2%
Source:- Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Underweight children2019
- 1% of children under five
- No access to safe drinking water, Renewable water:AQUASTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Undernourishment:Food security indicators (FAOSTAT) ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Obesity:Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Underweight children:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
Energy
- Energy consumption2024
- Per capita
- 90.8 GJ per person
- Share of world total
- 0.10%
- Supply
- Deficitproduces 50% of what it consumes, 2024
Source:- International Energy Statistics ↗ - U.S. Energy Information Administration
- Electricity2024
- Balanced trade, imports 6.9 TWh and exports 6.4 TWh in 202437 TWh generated per year
- Generation
- 37 TWh per year
- Consumption
- 34 TWh per year
- Imports
- 6.9 TWh per year
- Exports
- 6.4 TWh per year
- Net
- −0.5 TWh per year
Source:- International Energy Statistics ↗ - U.S. Energy Information Administration
- Oil, gas & coal
- Deficitproduces 16% of what it consumes, 2024Oil reserves202577.5 million barrelsWorld Rank73rdof 99
Oil imports and exports count crude oil only.
- Energy consumption, Electricity, Oil, gas & coal:International Energy Statistics ↗ - U.S. Energy Information Administration
- Oil, gas & coal:Worldwide Oil and Gas Survey ↗ - Oil & Gas Journal
Defense
- Military expenditure2024
- 2.6% of GDP$2.3 billion, 6.1% of government spending
- Military personnel2025
- approximately 25,000active-duty Armed Forces
- Land Forces
- 15,000
- Air/Air Defense
- 5,000
- other
- 5,000including Serbian Guard
Source:- The World Factbook: Serbia - CIA
- Military service2025
- Voluntaryno conscription since 2011; men and women 18+
As of 2024, women made up about 11% of the military's full-time personnel.
Source:- The World Factbook: Serbia - CIA
- Nuclear weapons2026
- None - no nuclear arsenal
- Military expenditure:SIPRI Military Expenditure Database ↗ - Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
- Military expenditure:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Military personnel, Military service:The World Factbook: Serbia - CIA
- Nuclear weapons:Status of World Nuclear Forces ↗ - Federation of American Scientists
