Germany

Official name (in German)

Bundesrepublik Deutschland

Name etymology

the origin of the name is unclear; it may come from Celtic words meaning "neighboring people," or it may derive from Germanic words meaning either "spear man" or "head man;" the native designation "Deutsch" comes from the Old High German "diutisc" meaning "national"

DesignMeaningHistory

The Federal flag consists of three horizontal stripes of equal width, black at the top, red in the middle, gold-coloured at the bottom; ratio of the height to the length of the flag cloth as 3 to 5.

Unofficial translation by Worldometer

EnglishGerman

Title (in German)

Deutschlandlied

Title (in English, translated)

Song of Germany

Alternate title (in German)

Lied der Deutschen

Alternate title (in English, translated)

Song of the Germans

Lyrics

GermanEnglish

Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit Für das deutsche Vaterland – Danach lasst uns alle streben Brüderlich mit Herz und Hand! Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit Sind des Glückes Unterpfand. Blüh’ im Glanze dieses Glückes, Blühe, deutsches Vaterland! Blüh’ im Glanze dieses Glückes, Blühe, deutsches Vaterland!

Land area

348,672 km²

Water area

8,350 km²

Austria

801 km

Czech Republic (Czechia)

704 km

Netherlands

575 km

Poland

447 km

France

418 km

Switzerland

348 km

Denmark

140 km

Belgium

133 km

Luxembourg

128 km

Avg. temperature

9.4 °C

Avg. daily range

5.8 to 13 °C

Annual precipitation

874 mm

Temperature °CMeanDaily range

°C°F

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Precipitation mm

Monthly climate normals

Month	Avg. high, °C	Mean, °C	Avg. low, °C	Precipitation, mm
January	3.1	0.9	−1.3	71
February	4.4	1.6	−1.1	59
March	8.4	4.8	1.3	67
April	13.5	9.1	4.5	57
May	17.6	13.2	8.3	80
June	20.8	16.4	11.6	82
July	23	18.4	13.7	92
August	22.8	18.1	13.5	84
September	18.3	14	10	71
October	13	9.5	6.4	68
November	7.2	4.9	2.6	67
December	3.8	1.9	−0.2	76

Country-wide averages over 1991–2020.

Arable land

11,681,000 hectares (33.4%)

Permanent crops

200,000 hectares (0.6%)

Permanent meadows & pastures

4,704,000 hectares (13.5%)

Forest

11,471,800 hectares (32.8%)

Other land

5,237,200 hectares (15.0%)

Reported categories cover 95.3% of the land area.

Birth rate

8.2 per 1,000 population

Death rate

12.5 per 1,000 population

Net migration rate

+1.9 per 1,000 population

MaleAgeFemale

80+70-7960-6950-5940-4930-3920-2910-190-9

% of total population

Population by age group, % of total population

Age	Male	Female
80+	2.9%	4.5%
70-79	4.6%	5.4%
60-69	7.3%	7.6%
50-59	6.8%	6.8%
40-49	6.4%	6.2%
30-39	6.5%	6.1%
20-29	5.4%	5.0%
10-19	4.8%	4.5%
0-9	4.7%	4.5%

Share aged 65 and over

24.2%

Share aged under 18

16.6%

Total dependency ratio

62

Youth dependency ratio

22

Elderly dependency ratio

39

Sex ratio

0.98 male / female

The Federal President is elected without debate by the Federal Convention, made up of the Bundestag (federal parliament) members and an equal number chosen by the Länder (states') parliaments, for five years, with one consecutive re-election allowed (Art. 54).

The Bundestag elects the Federal Chancellor on the President's proposal and can remove him only by electing a successor; it may be dissolved only after a failed confidence motion or a failed chancellor election (Arts. 63, 67, 68).

1. ThuJan 1New Year's Day
2. FriApr 3Good Friday
3. MonApr 6Easter Monday
4. FriMay 1Labor Day
5. ThuMay 14Ascension Day
6. MonMay 25Pentecost Monday
7. SatOct 3German Unity Day
8. FriDec 25Christmas Day
9. SatDec 26Second Day of Christmas

Nationwide public holidays only, excluding regional, bank and government-only days.

World average 42

highly corruptvery clean

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Confidence interval

Corruption index score by year

Year	Score	Lower bound	Upper bound
2012	79	75	83
2013	78	74	82
2014	79	75	83
2015	81	77	85
2016	81	77	86
2017	81	78	84
2018	80	76	84
2019	80	74.6	85.4
2020	80	76.7	83.3
2021	80	77.1	82.9
2022	79	75.4	82.6
2023	78	74.5	81.5
2024	75	72.8	77.2
2025	77	74	80

GDP per capita (nominal)

$65,699 (17th in the world)

The shape of the economy

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GDP by end use

Households

+53.2%

Government

+22.5%

Investment

+21.9%

Exports

+40.4%

Imports

−38.1%

Current account

4.5% of GDP, $244.8 billion surplus

Projected GDP growth

+1.2% a year over the next 10 years

By specializationBy volume

ProductSpecialization index

1. 1Rye18×
2. 2Sugar beet10.1×
3. 3Triticale9.9×
4. 4Barley6×
5. 5Raw milk of cattle3.4×
6. 6Rape or colza seed3.3×
7. 7Meat of pig with the bone (fresh or chilled)2.8×
8. 8Potatoes2.6×
9. 9Wheat1.9×
10. 10Maize (corn)0.3×

Median

€3,774 per month($3,974)

Men

€5,166 per month($5,440)

Women

€3,553 per month($3,741)

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GermanyWorld

Human Development Index by year

Year	Germany	World
1990	0.834	0.608
1991	0.841	0.611
1992	0.849	0.614
1993	0.859	0.617
1994	0.865	0.620
1995	0.870	0.625
1996	0.875	0.631
1997	0.881	0.636
1998	0.887	0.641
1999	0.892	0.646
2000	0.897	0.651
2001	0.904	0.657
2002	0.909	0.662
2003	0.914	0.669
2004	0.923	0.675
2005	0.923	0.681
2006	0.927	0.688
2007	0.931	0.694
2008	0.933	0.698
2009	0.933	0.701
2010	0.936	0.707
2011	0.942	0.713
2012	0.944	0.717
2013	0.945	0.721
2014	0.949	0.726
2015	0.948	0.731
2016	0.949	0.735
2017	0.951	0.739
2018	0.952	0.741
2019	0.957	0.745
2020	0.955	0.742
2021	0.958	0.742
2022	0.955	0.752
2023	0.959	0.756

Expected for a child today

17.3 years

Share of government spending

10.7%

Households with Internet access

92.6%

Fixed telephone lines

38,400,000

Fixed broadband

45.6 subscriptions per 100 people

Counts subscriptions, not people.

Debit-card ownership

94%

Account at a bank or mobile-money provider

100%

Made or received a digital payment

99%

Asylum seekers

320,133

Stateless persons

28,132

Internally displaced persons

100(2023)All due to disasters

Refugees from Germany abroad

325

Overnight arrivals by year2010 to 2024

Per resident

4.4 arrivals per 10 residents

Visitor spending in the country

$40.1 billion

Spending per arrival

$1,072

Share of GDP

2.2% tourism direct GDP(2021, latest available)

Domestic trips

162.8 million overnight trips by residents

Residents' trips abroad

114.4 million overnight trips

Residents' spending abroad

$120.4 billion

Hotel beds

2 million

Average hotel stay

2.1 nights

A tourist stays at least one night. Arrivals count trips, not people.

Site	Type
Museumsinsel (Museum Island), Berlin	Cultural
Palaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin	Cultural
Speyer Cathedral	Cultural
Aachen Cathedral	Cultural
Bauhaus and its Sites in Weimar, Dessau, and Bernau	Cultural
Caves and Ice Age Art in the Swabian Jura	Cultural
Roman Monuments, Cathedral of St. Peter, and Church of Our Lady in Trier	Cultural
Hanseatic City of Lübeck	Cultural
Old Town of Regensburg with Stadtamhof	Cultural
Würzburg Residence with the Court Gardens and Residence Square	Cultural
Pilgrimage Church of Wies	Cultural
Castles of Augustusburg and Falkenlust at Brühl	Cultural
St Mary's Cathedral and St Michael's Church at Hildesheim	Cultural
Abbey and Altenmünster of Lorsch	Cultural
Maulbronn Monastery Complex	Cultural
Collegiate Church, Castle and Old Town of Quedlinburg	Cultural
Cologne Cathedral	Cultural
Castle Church in Wittenberg	Cultural
Classical Weimar	Cultural
Wartburg Castle	Cultural
Garden Kingdom of Dessau-Wörlitz	Cultural
Monastic Island of Reichenau	Cultural
Berlin Modernism Housing Estates	Cultural
Prehistoric Pile Dwellings around the Alps	Cultural
Moravian Church Settlements	Cultural
Speicherstadt and Kontorhaus District with Chilehaus	Cultural
The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier, an Outstanding Contribution to the Modern Movement	Cultural
Archaeological Border complex of Hedeby and the Danevirke	Cultural
Naumburg Cathedral	Cultural
Mathildenhöhe Darmstadt	Cultural
ShUM Sites of Speyer, Worms and Mainz	Cultural
The Great Spa Towns of Europe	Cultural
Jewish-Medieval Heritage of Erfurt	Cultural
Schwerin Residence Ensemble	Cultural
The Palaces of King Ludwig II of Bavaria: Neuschwanstein, Linderhof, Schachen and Herrenchiemsee	Cultural

The Factbook names 35 of the 56 sites.

A low figure can also mean weak recording.

Persons held

59,165

Men

24.8%

Women

19.9%

World median

3.1%

CO₂ per capita

7 t per person

World Rank38thof 207

Share of global CO₂

1.5%

Methane (CH₄)

55.5 Mt CO₂-eq

Nitrous oxide (N₂O)

30 Mt CO₂-eq

Fluorinated gases

8.87 Mt CO₂-eq

All greenhouse gases

674.4 Mt CO₂-eq

WHO guideline

5 µg/m³

National standard

10 µg/m³

Treaty	Standing	Joined
Climate
Paris Agreement	in force	2016
UN Framework Convention on Climate Change	in force	1994
Kyoto Protocol	in force	2005
Ozone layer
Montreal Protocol	in force	1989
Vienna Convention (Ozone Layer)	in force	1988
Biodiversity
Convention on Biological Diversity	in force	1994
CITES	in force	1976
Convention on Migratory Species (Bonn)	in force	1984
Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety	in force	2004
Nagoya Protocol	in force	2016
Land and heritage
Ramsar Convention on Wetlands	in force	1976
World Heritage Convention	in force	1976
UN Convention to Combat Desertification	in force	1996
Chemicals and waste
Basel Convention	in force	1995
Rotterdam Convention (PIC)	in force	2004
Stockholm Convention (POPs)	in force	2004
Minamata Convention on Mercury	in force	2017
Oceans
UN Convention on the Law of the Sea	in force	1994
High Seas Treaty (BBNJ)	signed 2023, not ratified
MARPOL 73/78	in force	1983

Per person

1,831 m³ per year

Dependency ratio

31% originates outside the country

Annual water withdrawal

26 billion m³ per year

Withdrawn for agriculture

4%

Water stress

35% of available freshwater withdrawn

Men

22.1%

Women

19.1%

Per capita

123.8 GJ per person

Share of world total

1.6%

Supply

Deficitproduces 29% of what it consumes, 2024

OverviewBy source

Generation

490 TWh per year

Consumption

490 TWh per year

Imports

82 TWh per year

Exports

55 TWh per year

Net

−26 TWh per year

Must have completed compulsory full-time education and have German citizenship.In 2020, the German Government launched a new voluntary conscript initiative focused on homeland security tasks, with the volunteers serving for 7 months plus 5 months as reservists over a 6-year period.In December 2025, Germany passed a law reforming military service; from 2026, the new regulations require German males residing in Germany who have reached the age of 18 to complete a questionnaire, including questions about their willingness to serve; participation will remain voluntary for women.Women have been eligible for voluntary service in all military branches and positions since 2001; in 2025, they accounted for more than 13% of the active-duty German military.

Launch sites

A commercial offshore launch platform that will operate from the North Sea is under development with both government and private funding

Key milestones

1969

First German scientific satellite (Azur) launched by US

1973

Participated with other European states, particularly France and the UK, in development of Ariane satellite launch vehicle

1978

First German in space on Soviet Salyut space station

1980s-1990s

Participated in US Space Shuttle program, including providing astronauts

1999

Launched a space-based X-ray telescope (ABRAXIS) on Russian rocket

2005

Began development of reusable space plane/shuttle/transporter

2019

Launched first space-based X-ray telescope (eROSITA) capable of imaging the entire sky (joint project with Russia)

2023

Signed US-led Artemis Accords for the exploration of space and the Moon; adopted a new national space strategy

DLR's predecessor organization, the German Test and Research Institute for Aviation and Space Flight, was established in 1969; the Federal Republic of Germany was allowed to research space flight after gaining sovereignty in 1955