World Coal Reserves

The world had proven coal reserves of 1,285,176,615,140 short tons as of 2023.
At 2023 production rates, the world has about 134 years of coal left (at current extraction level and excluding unproven reserves).

World Coal Production

The world produced 9,697,235,846 short tons of coal in 2024, an increase of 1.1% from 2023.

World Coal Consumption

The world consumed 9,717,925,142 short tons of coal in 2024, an increase of 2.4% from 2023.
In 2024, the world consumed about 2,381.3 pounds of coal per capita (6.52 pounds per day).

Coal by Country

See full table: reserves, production, consumption

	Reserves		Production		Consumption			Trade (2024)

China	173,107,864,710	36 years	4,852,926,893	+0.93%	5,453,444,829	+4%	7,684.6	598,316,037	7,330,762	590,985,276
India	140,794,749,370	132 years	1,116,581,655	+4.6%	1,371,121,134	+3%	1,890	256,630,760	2,091,281	254,539,480
Indonesia	38,641,477,050	45 years	921,532,256	+7%	326,880,625	+6.8%	2,306.1	20,168,849	614,820,480	−594,651,631
Russia	178,757,203,460	338 years	524,929,324	−0.77%	297,944,695	+11.4%	4,114.7	21,790,557	200,601,697	−178,811,139
Australia	164,764,480,320	337 years	515,594,267	+5.6%	101,857,568	−1.3%	7,626	190,332	399,082,771	−398,892,439
United States	273,243,909,730	473 years	512,540,324	−11.3%	410,939,000	−3.5%	2,379.3	1,997,711	108,326,000	−106,328,289
South Africa	10,905,152,830	42 years	261,716,669	−0.23%	184,329,698	−3.5%	5,759.7	1,640,443	77,935,905	−76,295,462
Kazakhstan	28,224,647,550	218 years	124,437,864	−4.1%	89,819,245	−2.7%	8,723.5	75,881	34,694,500	−34,618,619
Germany	39,021,774,000	346 years	101,347,447	−10.1%	132,901,915	−8.3%	3,143.7	33,637,635	2,083,167	31,554,468
Poland	30,597,920,980	313 years	93,872,395	−4%	100,785,411	−6.6%	5,230.3	11,355,760	5,004,433	6,351,327
Mongolia	2,777,821,200	39 years	91,092,554	+27.7%	10,457,925	+6.4%	6,018	616.3	82,344,481	−82,343,864
Turkey (Türkiye)	12,097,852,250	140 years	87,080,344	+0.59%	131,410,914	−0.15%	3,004.6	44,943,012	454,308	44,488,705
Colombia	5,019,919,740	92 years	64,019,791	+17.5%	14,330,580	+34.2%	541.9	1,167.1	49,761,803	−49,760,636
Canada	7,255,404,420	135 years	53,619,513	+0.02%	19,653,442	+3.8%	989	5,910,167	39,999,656	−34,089,490
Vietnam	3,434,797,960	66 years	49,216,639	−5.8%	103,521,141	+3%	2,050.2	54,925,299	771,309	54,153,990
Serbia	7,839,628,720	214 years	34,446,611	−5.9%	38,664,328	−5%	11,480	3,275,997	10,456	3,265,542
Czech Republic (Czechia)	3,962,804,450	120 years	27,593,053	−16.7%	30,695,858	−11.9%	5,718.4	3,125,060	1,626,980	1,498,081
North Korea	11,684,486,000	483 years	25,358,183	+4.9%	25,358,183	+4.9%	1,913.9	—	—	—
Ukraine	37,891,906,250	> 500 years	21,791,592	−0.41%	25,112,032	+5.8%	1,326.6	5,349,647	—	—
Laos	68,343,220	4 years	19,864,574	+8.4%	19,375,547	+10.2%	4,987.4	—	489,026	—
Mozambique	1,975,339,520	169 years	17,843,230	+53%	—	—	—	—	17,843,230	—
Pakistan	3,149,299,670	208 years	16,617,600	+9.5%	24,941,748	−24.3%	198.5	8,326,369	2,221.1	8,324,147
Bulgaria	2,396,421,940	104 years	16,526,713	−28.5%	16,815,645	−25.2%	4,976.7	331,274	13,574	317,700
Philippines	397,933,910	25 years	16,467,927	+3.3%	50,549,305	+7.2%	872.7	43,307,659	9,226,281	34,081,378
Thailand	1,171,755,530	83 years	14,122,813	+0.00012%	48,916,385	+4.8%	1,365.1	35,014,797	111,387	34,903,411
Romania	320,772,210	20 years	13,878,099	−14.7%	14,055,877	−16.1%	1,478.4	386,028	231,399	154,629
Bosnia and Herzegovina	2,495,629,840	194 years	13,005,069	+0.9%	13,067,693	−0.6%	8,259.6	990,172	989,350	821.9
Kosovo	1,724,012,840	226 years	8,894,231	+16.5%	8,893,493	+16.4%	—	18,179	—	—
Greece	3,170,243,560	275 years	6,963,380	−39.7%	7,390,222	−33.6%	1,471	48,050	816,377	−768,328
Brazil	7,270,836,760	> 500 years	6,700,742	−7.5%	25,183,482	+4.7%	237.6	19,775,045	257	19,774,788
Mexico	1,278,679,600	203 years	6,275,207	−0.28%	16,014,351	+5.5%	244.8	9,743,553	1,319.2	9,742,234
Zimbabwe	553,359,620	126 years	6,275,162	+43.1%	5,738,829	+55.4%	690	264.7	536,530	−536,265
Uzbekistan	1,515,676,250	216 years	5,856,945	−16.7%	9,739,393	−1.2%	535.7	3,945,857	143,624	3,802,233
Kyrgyzstan	31,414,732,690	> 500 years	4,846,115	+19.3%	3,636,117	−21.7%	1,012	636,481	1,809,219	−1,172,738
Hungary	2,902,382,230	> 500 years	4,287,991	−4.5%	4,523,886	−9.5%	935.1	270,634	2,204.6	268,429
Malaysia	249,122,060	63 years	3,672,011	−7.4%	46,628,958	+23.6%	2,622.7	43,362,352	405,404	42,956,948
North Macedonia	365,966,920	83 years	3,565,081	−19.1%	4,917,590	−16.5%	5,395	1,175,972	110.3	1,175,862
Myanmar	277,782,120	244 years	3,015,525	+165.3%	2,781,637	+187.8%	102.1	66,293	300,180	−233,887
New Zealand	7,440,592,500	> 500 years	2,766,169	−3.5%	2,716,120	+7.8%	1,041.9	1,118,363	1,214,963	−96,600
Botswana	1,829,834,600	> 500 years	2,705,688	+9.5%	1,716,115	+15.2%	1,361.4	135	983,968	−983,833
Tajikistan	4,491,913,250	> 500 years	2,655,259	+0.64%	2,585,856	+10.5%	488.3	230,347	170,205	60,142
Slovenia	104,719,450	39 years	2,391,135	−11.1%	2,948,142	+17.1%	2,783	31,868	2,247.8	29,620
Zambia	1,041,682,950	452 years	2,225,783	−3.4%	2,296,129	+0.08%	215.4	243,654	173,310	70,344
Iran	1,326,078,930	> 500 years	2,172,716	+8.3%	2,331,348	+19.4%	50.92	266,518	107,888	158,630
Peru	1,727,319,770	> 500 years	2,099,392	+37.8%	955,151	−10.7%	55.83	335,664	1,951,449	−1,615,785
Tanzania	1,554,257,100	> 500 years	2,045,775	−20.7%	948,263	+16.3%	27.66	10.17	840,116	−840,105
Montenegro	371,478,470	181 years	1,791,035	−12.7%	1,558,558	−14.7%	4,882.1	—	213,297	—
Nigeria	2,363,352,640	> 500 years	1,391,233	−4.5%	1,394,131	−4.3%	11.98	2,898	—	—
Afghanistan	72,752,460	86 years	1,296,317	+53.4%	312,836	−43.6%	14.67	181.3	1,008,632	−1,008,451
Ethiopia	—	n/a	1,183,209	+135.6%	2,004,349	+13%	30.36	821,140	—	—
Bangladesh	3,593,530,600	> 500 years	999,941	+18.2%	18,463,765	+19.4%	212.8	17,463,824	—	—
South Korea	359,353,060	> 500 years	599,657	−15.9%	126,259,198	−5.4%	4,882.6	127,408,600	347.1	127,408,253
Japan	385,808,500	> 500 years	571,242	−14.7%	185,034,874	−1.2%	2,990.4	188,562,941	2,711.7	188,560,230
Eswatini	5,119,127,640	> 500 years	390,288	+39.8%	219,585	−0.86%	353.4	219,585	4,438	215,147
Venezuela	805,788,610	> 500 years	346,935	+111.8%	6,356.1	−92.7%	0.45	35.49	88,858	−88,823
Albania	575,405,820	> 500 years	282,690	−45.8%	329,310	+17.1%	235.9	232,698	186,078	46,620
Niger	99,207,900	211 years	213,443	−54.6%	213,443	−54.5%	15.79	—	—	—
Georgia	993,181,310	> 500 years	195,976	+20.2%	309,450	−4.1%	162.5	126,631	134.5	126,497
Bhutan	—	n/a	186,829	+4658.4%	254,939	+8524.3%	644.2	53,136	—	—
Norway	2,204,620	17 years	132,170	+0.13%	738,432	−9.4%	264.8	726,335	122,467	603,868
United Kingdom	28,660,060	47 years	117,407	−80.7%	2,501,405	−52%	72.36	2,178,999	1,192,598	986,401
Malawi	884,052,620	> 500 years	35,820	+1151.3%	85,168	+2698.9%	7.87	1,738.5	0.04	1,738.5
Cambodia	—	n/a	31,763	+7.7%	6,754,772	+39.9%	765.9	6,723,009	—	—
Chile	1,301,828,110	> 500 years	26,753	−80%	5,939,241	−30.3%	601	5,912,609	—	—
Nepal	8,818,480	> 500 years	3,162.5	−68.4%	1,523,317	+29.1%	102.7	1,521,565	—	—
Argentina	881,848,000	> 500 years	2,204.6	−90.3%	1,158,455	−35.1%	50.7	1,098,940	—	—
Armenia	349,432,270	> 500 years	66.14	+0.00012%	29,256	+43.4%	19.68	29,290	99.51	29,190
United Arab Emirates	—	n/a	—	—	3,671,810	−37.9%	666	3,671,810	—	—
Austriaceased 2004	—	n/a	—	—	2,618,537	−22.1%	574.2	2,585,960	34.83	2,585,925
Azerbaijan	—	n/a	—	—	19,528	+196.6%	3.78	24,380	—	—
Burundi	—	n/a	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Belgiumceased 1992	4,519,471,000	n/a	—	—	3,421,685	+11.1%	583	3,499,337	78,705	3,420,632
Benin	—	n/a	—	—	187,393	+6.8%	25.91	187,393	—	—
Belarus	—	n/a	—	—	849,221	+16.8%	187.5	1,967,626	1,118,405	849,221
Bermuda	—	n/a	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Bolivia	1,102,310	n/a	—	—	19,659	+100%	3.17	19,671	—	—
Brunei	—	n/a	—	—	1,441,864	+55.5%	6,232.1	1,441,864	—	—
Switzerland	—	n/a	—	—	115,430	−7.5%	25.88	117,464	454.2	117,010
Democratic Republic of the Congoceased 1990	1,089,082,280	n/a	—	—	246,871	−7.9%	4.52	246,871	—	—
Costa Rica	—	n/a	—	—	306.4	−98.8%	0.12	306.4	—	—
Cuba	—	n/a	—	—	264.6	−76%	0.05	264.6	—	—
Cyprus	—	n/a	—	—	25,902	−49.4%	38.14	19,095	—	—
Denmark	—	n/a	—	—	839,375	−32.4%	280.8	470,026	14,629	455,397
Dominican Republic	—	n/a	—	—	3,202,937	+23.5%	560.6	3,203,595	—	—
Algeriaceased 1999	245,815,130	n/a	—	—	7,847.4	+178.3%	0.34	282.2	—	—
Ecuador	26,455,440	n/a	—	—	16,183	+7.8%	1.78	16,228	301.3	15,927
Egyptceased 2013	200,620,420	n/a	—	—	4,914,481	+47%	84.34	4,923,346	8,864.7	4,914,481
Spainceased 2018	1,308,441,970	n/a	—	—	3,971,323	−39.5%	165.8	6,123,222	1,073,213	5,050,009
Estonia	—	n/a	—	—	3,604.6	+308.8%	5.3	3,567.1	—	—
Finland	—	n/a	—	—	2,077,857	−34.8%	739.8	1,882,879	—	—
Fiji	—	n/a	—	—	0.11	−98.4%	0.00024	14.51	—	—
Franceceased 2004	176,369,600	n/a	—	—	9,537,142	−11.2%	286.6	8,476,381	168,966	8,307,416
Ghana	—	n/a	—	—	55,210	−2.4%	3.21	55,329	—	—
Guatemala	—	n/a	—	—	1,608,176	+44.2%	174.7	1,612,397	—	—
Hong Kong	—	n/a	—	—	5,238,084	−14.6%	1,412.9	5,259,576	—	—
Honduras	—	n/a	—	—	34,877	−78.1%	6.44	34,889	—	—
Croatiaceased 1999	—	n/a	—	—	260,793	−58.4%	134.6	332,451	24,802	307,649
Haiti	—	n/a	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Irelandceased 1990	44,092,400	n/a	—	—	495,342	−66.5%	188.5	407,990	99,197	308,794
Iceland	—	n/a	—	—	126,931	−11.2%	645.3	126,931	—	—
Israel	—	n/a	—	—	4,882,491	−16.4%	1,040.3	5,234,128	—	—
Italyceased 2015	672,409,100	n/a	—	—	3,905,472	−67.3%	131.6	4,006,363	6,934.3	3,999,429
Jamaica	—	n/a	—	—	41,888	−63.6%	29.51	41,888	—	—
Jordan	—	n/a	—	—	191,693	−35.2%	33.19	88,131	—	—
Kenya	—	n/a	—	—	1,952,139	+21.9%	69.18	1,952,176	26.77	1,952,150
Kuwait	—	n/a	—	—	114,408	+121.9%	46.37	212,207	—	—
Lebanon	—	n/a	—	—	200,173	+12%	68.95	200,817	0.05	200,817
Sri Lanka	—	n/a	—	—	918,225	−64.1%	79.49	918,256	—	—
Lesothoceased 2023	—	n/a	—	—	—	—	—	23,994	—	—
Lithuania	—	n/a	—	—	141,978	−15.5%	99.32	144,733	90,569	54,165
Luxembourg	—	n/a	—	—	31,393	−10.4%	93.29	31,621	—	—
Latvia	—	n/a	—	—	16,159	−25.2%	17.26	37,927	1,884.4	36,043
Macao	—	n/a	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Moroccoceased 2006	105,821,760	n/a	—	—	10,718,412	−3.7%	562.9	10,315,913	21.37	10,315,891
Moldova	—	n/a	—	—	90,830	−9%	59.86	89,618	—	—
Madagascar	165,346,500	n/a	—	—	520,753	+0.1%	32.58	520,753	—	—
Malta	—	n/a	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Mauritania	—	n/a	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Mauritius	—	n/a	—	—	856,251	+19.3%	1,347.2	817,053	—	—
Namibia	385,808,500	n/a	—	—	37,096	+41%	24.48	39,112	0.03	39,112
New Caledonia	2,204,620	n/a	—	—	361,318	−67.3%	2,469.4	361,318	—	—
Netherlands	3,579,200,570	n/a	—	—	11,805,394	−6.1%	1,295.3	27,729,362	17,322,059	10,407,304
Oman	—	n/a	—	—	37,754	−58%	14.3	217,180	—	—
Panama	—	n/a	—	—	812,716	−14.5%	360	813,029	—	—
Puerto Rico	—	n/a	—	—	942,727	−23.9%	581.5	942,727	—	—
Portugalceased 1994	3,306,930	n/a	—	—	2,382.1	+18%	0.46	2,529.8	—	—
Paraguay	—	n/a	—	—	572.1	−19.5%	0.17	572.1	—	—
Rwanda	—	n/a	—	—	101,942	−25%	14.3	101,942	—	—
Saudi Arabia	—	n/a	—	—	145,051	+138.1%	8.54	145,543	491.9	145,051
Senegal	—	n/a	—	—	73,565	−50%	7.95	73,565	0.08	73,565
Singapore	—	n/a	—	—	1,075,791	−14.6%	368.9	1,076,140	349.4	1,075,791
Slovakiaceased 2023	20,943,890	n/a	—	—	3,105,211	−35.8%	1,127.8	3,316,987	—	—
Swedenceased 1992	5,511,550	n/a	—	—	2,507,428	+15%	472.8	2,568,055	—	—
Syria	—	n/a	—	—	20,367	+49.7%	1.65	13,703	0.29	13,703
Togo	—	n/a	—	—	89,400	−48%	18.79	89,400	—	—
Turkmenistan	881,848,000	n/a	—	—	—	—	—	174.2	—	—
Trinidad and Tobago	—	n/a	—	—	—	—	—	241.5	—	—
Tunisia	—	n/a	—	—	—	—	—	416.7	31.68	385
Taiwanceased 2000	1,102,310	n/a	—	—	62,808,210	−3.9%	5,411.2	62,808,210	1,064.8	62,807,146
Uruguay	—	n/a	—	—	6,062.7	−28.6%	3.58	6,087	—	—
U.S. Virgin Islands	—	n/a	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Yemen	—	n/a	—	—	414,610	+1391.7%	20.43	414,610	—	—

World Coal History (1980-2024)

	Reserves	Production		Consumption			Trade

2024	—	9,697,235,846	+1.1%	9,717,925,142	+2.4%	2,381.3	1,758,129,993	1,688,136,492	69,993,501
2023	1,285,176,615,140	9,588,602,495	+4%	9,489,103,977	+4.9%	2,345.4	1,628,879,793	1,616,791,427	12,088,366
2022	1,285,176,615,140	9,217,738,813	+3.7%	9,047,328,679	+3.8%	2,255.8	1,516,256,828	1,553,130,256	−36,873,429
2021	1,257,760,137,190	8,890,556,007	+4.9%	8,715,357,001	+4.6%	2,191.3	1,522,799,986	1,529,368,944	−6,568,959
2020	1,257,610,046,660	8,473,590,418	−4.6%	8,331,106,035	−3.7%	2,112.6	1,478,920,280	1,503,143,670	−24,223,391
2019	1,229,767,389,150	8,883,611,698	+1.7%	8,649,407,846	−0.0099%	2,214.6	1,596,699,559	1,614,090,145	−17,390,586
2018	1,230,443,389,150	8,733,252,419	+3.9%	8,650,268,301	+1.5%	2,238.1	1,586,481,123	1,594,573,783	−8,092,660
2017	1,217,998,579,642	8,409,327,660	+2.8%	8,524,546,015	+0.98%	2,229.9	1,530,348,404	1,551,464,615	−21,116,210
2016	1,213,180,233,180	8,177,698,313	−6.1%	8,441,921,848	−2.7%	2,233.7	1,457,245,644	1,474,583,778	−17,338,134
2015	1,206,678,476,281	8,707,681,527	−2.3%	8,672,780,487	−2.5%	2,321.9	1,446,941,115	1,443,240,259	3,700,856
2014	1,150,385,336,805	8,910,622,447	−0.88%	8,898,145,236	−1.2%	2,410.9	1,501,700,292	1,508,127,002	−6,426,710
2013	1,075,035,283,940	8,989,810,598	+1.3%	9,010,282,380	+0.89%	2,471.3	1,483,088,678	1,489,897,175	−6,808,497
2012	1,049,564,038,650	8,874,979,049	+2.8%	8,930,385,099	+2.9%	2,480.2	1,379,122,204	1,387,111,815	−7,989,610
2011	1,034,332,735,115	8,637,220,220	+5.3%	8,682,113,406	+5.7%	2,441.9	1,247,820,153	1,269,015,820	−21,195,668
2010	1,003,692,992,550	8,199,351,018	+6.9%	8,214,055,415	+7.4%	2,339.6	1,177,125,030	1,228,763,090	−51,638,060
2009	999,719,300,530	7,670,485,285	+1.3%	7,645,126,920	+0.79%	2,205.5	1,046,570,360	1,084,654,762	−38,084,402
2008	987,271,072,330	7,569,224,124	+3.2%	7,585,367,281	+1.9%	2,216.5	1,048,518,354	1,085,192,567	−36,674,213
2007	—	7,335,483,917	+4.4%	7,440,962,291	+4.7%	2,202.3	1,037,943,325	1,037,000,096	943,229
2006	—	7,028,006,628	+5.5%	7,103,767,912	+5.6%	2,129.6	974,225,755	985,745,693	−11,519,938
2005	—	6,662,264,724	+6.4%	6,729,035,187	+6.5%	2,043.1	908,159,304	902,989,786	5,169,517
2004	—	6,262,150,823	+7.6%	6,320,661,631	+8.5%	1,943.8	873,070,825	859,536,790	13,534,035
2003	—	5,820,356,314	+7.3%	5,824,502,945	+7.8%	1,814.4	814,793,894	811,224,685	3,569,209
2002	—	5,426,307,729	+1%	5,402,044,624	+2.4%	1,704.7	748,609,357	746,841,879	1,767,479
2001	—	5,370,160,980	+4.7%	5,274,271,246	+1.5%	1,686.4	726,322,150	741,249,711	−14,927,562
2000	—	5,130,962,640	+3.2%	5,198,842,668	+5.1%	1,684.7	666,121,863	687,945,696	−21,823,833
1999	—	4,974,112,029	−1.3%	4,945,096,212	+0.33%	1,624.3	606,838,998	614,052,224	−7,213,226
1998	—	5,039,930,681	−0.5%	4,928,997,945	−0.48%	1,641.1	582,632,426	617,370,624	−34,738,198
1997	—	5,065,333,121	+0.07%	4,952,807,401	−1.5%	1,671.9	575,653,334	602,721,893	−27,068,558
1996	—	5,061,719,063	+2.2%	5,026,709,799	+2.1%	1,720.9	548,023,630	573,029,346	−25,005,716
1995	—	4,952,231,819	+1.8%	4,923,490,102	+2.9%	1,709.9	523,288,540	555,817,235	−32,528,696
1994	—	4,865,962,414	+1.9%	4,786,717,791	+0.59%	1,686.8	498,243,713	503,808,943	−5,565,230
1993	—	4,775,148,081	−2.6%	4,758,860,465	+0.11%	1,702.2	472,276,514	484,270,612	−11,994,098
1992	—	4,902,959,626	−1.9%	4,753,697,824	−2.2%	1,726.7	484,128,922	497,332,588	−13,203,665
1991	—	4,999,910,454	−3.5%	4,859,341,050	−2.5%	1,793.5	484,952,469	491,055,068	−6,102,599
1990	—	5,182,782,553	−1.6%	4,982,298,806	−1.8%	1,870.3	464,184,043	464,515,147	−331,104
1989	—	5,267,406,315	+1.6%	5,076,044,107	+0.27%	1,939.5	423,316,754	435,200,180	−11,883,426
1988	—	5,184,929,765	+2.1%	5,062,554,859	+3%	1,969.1	413,394,997	432,354,092	−18,959,095
1987	—	5,075,805,777	+2.5%	4,917,239,793	+3.8%	1,947.5	384,805,879	394,798,273	−9,992,395
1986	—	4,952,924,042	+2.5%	4,736,482,301	+1.2%	1,910.6	379,603,850	390,931,020	−11,327,170
1985	—	4,832,914,866	+4.7%	4,682,185,433	+3.8%	1,923.3	383,618,962	393,807,656	−10,188,694
1984	—	4,616,385,697	+5%	4,511,588,903	+4.7%	1,886.8	347,523,002	357,156,954	−9,633,952
1983	—	4,395,284,981	+0.99%	4,307,495,476	+3%	1,834	302,914,784	310,772,840	−7,858,055
1982	—	4,352,129,548	+4%	4,183,521,974	+2.1%	1,813.9	308,652,224	310,651,124	−1,998,900
1981	—	4,184,630,521	+0.77%	4,096,223,799	+0.88%	1,809	297,936,172	328,288,544	−30,352,372
1980	—	4,152,697,408	—	4,060,649,761	—	1,826	288,414,732	298,194,207	−9,779,475

Sources

U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), International Energy Statistics.

Data topics

Reference

Tools

World Coal Statistics

World Coal Reserves

World Coal Production

World Coal Consumption

Coal by Country

World Coal History (1980-2024)

See also

Sources