National Identity
- Official name
- Republic of Moldova
- Official name (in Romanian)
- Republica Moldova
- Name etymology
named for the Moldova River in neighboring eastern Romania; the river's name probably comes from the Indoeuropean root word mel, meaning "dark" or "black"
Sources:- Constitution of the Republic of Moldova ↗ - Presidency of the Republic of Moldova
- The World Factbook: Moldova - CIA
- Coat of arms
- National flag
Translated from the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Moldova The State Flag is a rectangular cloth, with a ratio between the height and the length of the cloth of 1:2, divided vertically into three equal parts, beginning from the hoist, in the colours blue, yellow and red, and bearing in the middle of the yellow field the image of the State Coat of Arms of the Republic of Moldova, whose width constitutes 1/5 of the length of the flag.
Unofficial translation by WorldometerAs published by the Presidency of the Republic of Moldova The State Flag of the Republic of Moldova – the Tricolour – is the official symbol of the Republic of Moldova. It symbolises the past, the present and the future of the Moldovan State, reflects its democratic principles, historical tradition of the Moldovan people, equality of rights, the solidarity and friendship between all citizens of the republic.
As published in EnglishTranslated from the Academy of Sciences of Moldova The Romanian national tricolour blue–yellow–red, the one from which the contemporary state flags of Romania and the Republic of Moldova were born, is a creation of the 19th century, more precisely, of the Revolution of 1848.
Unofficial translation by WorldometerTranslated from the Academy of Sciences of Moldova For Bessarabia, the symbols of the Moldavian Democratic Republic of 1917–1918 are of particular interest. As regards the official state flag of the republic, this was the pan-Romanian tricolour blue–yellow–red, belonging both to the Romanians of the Old Kingdom and to those under the domination of the Habsburg Empire, and which was used at the national gatherings of Moldovans both in Chișinău and in various cities of the Russian Empire even before the proclamation of the national autonomy of Bessarabia. The tricolour established itself first as an ethnic flag, and then also as the state flag of the Moldavian Democratic Republic.
Unofficial translation by WorldometerTranslated from the Academy of Sciences of Moldova For the first time, the tricolour was again publicly hoisted in Chișinău on 19 February 1989, at the Summer Theatre, gaining ground in geometric progression.
Unofficial translation by WorldometerTranslated from Public Institution Teleradio-Moldova The commission's report was presented by Alexandru Moșanu at the historic session of the Supreme Soviet of the MSSR of 27 April 1990.
At this session the Law amending Article 168 of the Constitution of the Moldavian SSR was adopted. [...] From this date until 3 November 1990, when the new State Coat of Arms was adopted, the national flag was used without the image of the coat of arms.
Unofficial translation by WorldometerSources:- legis.md ↗ - the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Moldova
- presedinte.md ↗ - the Presidency of the Republic of Moldova
- moldova-independenta.md ↗ - the Academy of Sciences of Moldova
- radiomoldova.md ↗ - Public Institution Teleradio-Moldova
- National anthem
- Limba noastră1:11
- Title (in Romanian)
- Limba noastră
- Title (in English, translated)
- Our Tongue
- Lyrics
1Limba noastră-i o comoară În adîncuri înfundată Un şirag de piatră rară Pe moşie revărsată.
2Limba noastră-i foc ce arde Într-un neam, ce fără veste S-a trezit din somn de moarte Ca viteazul din poveste.
5Limba noastră-i frunză verde, Zbuciumul din codrii veşnici, Nistrul lin, ce-n valuri pierde Ai luceferilor sfeşnici.
9Limba noastra-i limbă sfîntă, Limba vechilor cazanii, Care-o plîng şi care-o cîntă Pe la vatra lor ţăranii.
12Răsări-va o comoară În adîncuri înfundată, Un şirag de piatră rară Pe moşie revărsată.
Source: - Citizens
- Moldovans
- Official name:Constitution of the Republic of Moldova ↗ - Presidency of the Republic of Moldova
- Official name, Citizens:The World Factbook: Moldova - CIA
- National flag:legis.md ↗ - the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Moldova
- National flag:presedinte.md ↗ - the Presidency of the Republic of Moldova
- National flag:moldova-independenta.md ↗ - the Academy of Sciences of Moldova
- National flag:radiomoldova.md ↗ - Public Institution Teleradio-Moldova
- National anthem:nationalanthems.info ↗
Geography
- Location
- Eastern Europe, northeast of Romania
- Total area
- 33,851 km²
- Land area
- 32,891 km²
- Water area
- 960 km²
- Land borders
- 1,885 km(2 countries)
- Coastline
- 0 km(Landlocked)
- Terrain
Rolling steppe, gradual slope south to Black Sea - Mean elevation
- 139 m
- Highest point
- 430 mDealul Balanesti
- Lowest point
- 2 mDniester (Nistru)
- Climate
Moderate winters, warm summers - Avg. temperature
- 10.5 °C
- Avg. daily range
- 6.1 to 14.8 °C
- Annual precipitation
- 579 mm
Temperature °CMeanDaily rangePrecipitation mmMonthly climate normals Month Avg. high, °C Mean, °C Avg. low, °C Precipitation, mm January 0.5 −2 −4.8 36 February 2.8 −0.3 −3.7 32 March 8.5 4.4 0.3 40 April 15.8 10.9 5.6 48 May 21.8 16.6 10.9 59 June 25.5 20.5 14.9 73 July 27.7 22.5 16.8 65 August 27.6 22 16.1 52 September 21.7 16.5 11.4 52 October 14.9 10.4 6.2 43 November 7.7 4.7 1.7 40 December 2 −0.5 −3.1 38 Country-wide averages over 1991–2020.
Sources:- The World Factbook: Moldova - CIA
- Climate Change Knowledge Portal (ERA5 reanalysis) ↗ - World Bank
- Weather
- Loading
- Land use2023
- Arable56.8%Perm. crops8.1%Pasture9.4%Forest11.3%Other13.8%
- Arable land
- 1,871,000 hectares (56.8%)
- Permanent crops
- 266,000 hectares (8.1%)
- Permanent meadows & pastures
- 311,000 hectares (9.4%)
- Forest
- 371,460 hectares (11.3%)
- Other land
- 454,540 hectares (13.8%)
Source: - Natural hazards2026
- Earthquakes6.0High#56/191Drought5.6High#35/191Epidemics4.7Medium#103/191River floods4.6Medium#109/191Tsunamis0.0Very lowTropical cyclones0.0Very lowCoastal floods0.0Very low
Scores out of 10, ranks out of 191 countries.
Source:- INFORM Risk Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
- Location, Land borders, Coastline, Terrain, Mean elevation, Highest point, Lowest point, Climate, Major rivers:The World Factbook: Moldova - CIA
- Climate:Climate Change Knowledge Portal (ERA5 reanalysis) ↗ - World Bank
- Land use:FAOSTAT Land Use domain ↗ - FAO
- Natural hazards:INFORM Risk Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
Demographics
- Population change2026
- −1.16% per year−34,853 people/yearWorld Rank231stof 237
- Birth rate
- 10.1 per 1,000 population
- Death rate
- 14.2 per 1,000 population
- Net migration rate
- −5.7 per 1,000 population
- 2026
- 39.1 yearsWorld Rank71stof 237
- Age structure2026
- 0-14 years19.2%15-64 years63.3%65 years +17.4%
- Share aged 65 and over
- 17.4%
- Share aged under 18
- 23.3%
- Total dependency ratio
- 58
- Youth dependency ratio
- 30
- Elderly dependency ratio
- 28
- Sex ratio
- 0.85 male / female
MaleAgeFemalePopulation by age group, % of total population Age Male Female 80+ 0.5% 1.9% 70-79 3.0% 5.4% 60-69 5.2% 7.6% 50-59 5.4% 6.7% 40-49 6.9% 7.6% 30-39 7.0% 7.3% 20-29 4.9% 5.0% 10-19 7.1% 7.0% 0-9 6.0% 5.7% - 2026
- 0.38 below the replacement level for Moldova ()1.72 births per womanreplacement 2.10123World Rank134thof 237
- 0.82 daughters per woman0.18 below replacement, long-run each generation smaller than the lastreplacement 1.000.511.5
- 2026
- −4.1 per 1,000 populationfor every 1,000 people, 4.1 more deaths than births a year
- 2026
- −5.7 per 1,000 population
- Urbanization2026
- 43.9% live in cities1,301,220 urban residents
- Largest cities2024
- Chișinău, Tiraspol, Bălți, TighinaRankCity or Urban SettlementPopulation (2024 census)1Chișinău567,0382Tiraspol130,0003Bălți90,9544Tighina87,0005Rîbnița47,949(2014)6Ungheni26,4577Durlești26,3088Dubăsari25,060(2014)9Orhei22,18310Cahul21,326Source:
- Department of Statistics and Sociology of Moldova (2024 census), via City Population by Thomas Brinkhoff ↗
- Population distribution
- Pockets of agglomeration exist throughout the country, with the largest in the center of the country around the capital of Chisinau, followed by Tiraspol and Balti.
- Ethnic groups2014
- Moldovan75.1%Romanian7.0%Ukrainian6.6%Gagauz4.6%Russian4.1%Bulgarian1.9%Other0.8%
- Religions2014
- Orthodox90.1%Other Christian2.6%Other0.1%Agnostic<0.1%Atheist0.2%Unspecified6.9%
- Languages
- Romanian (Română)
- Population, Population change, Median age, Age structure, Total fertility rate, Net reproduction rate, Natural change, Net migration rate:UN World Population Prospects ↗
- Urbanization:UN World Urbanization Prospects ↗
- Largest cities:Department of Statistics and Sociology of Moldova (2024 census), via City Population by Thomas Brinkhoff ↗
- Population distribution, Ethnic groups, Religions:The World Factbook: Moldova - CIA
Government & Administration
- Form of state
- RepublicThe President is elected by universal, equal, direct and secret vote, needing at least half the votes cast; the direct-election wording was revived by a 2016 Constitutional Court decision (Art. 78).Source:
- System of government
- Semi-presidentialAlthough often described as parliamentary, Moldova is classified as semi-presidential because it combines a directly elected President with a Government that needs the confidence of a majority of Parliament's elected deputies, who can also dismiss it (Arts. 98, 106).Source:
- Constituţia Republicii Moldova, consolidated text ↗, Arts. 98, 106
- Territorial organisation
- Unitary
- Territorial control
- ContestedThe "Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic" controls the left bank of the Nistru (Dniester) and the city of Bender.
- Official websites
- Government
- President
- Parliament (in Romanian, English available)
- Capital
- Chișinău600,973 people(2024)
- National holidays
- 13 days in 2026
- ThuJan 1New Year's Day
- WedJan 7Christmas Day (by old style)
- ThuJan 8Christmas Day (by old style)
- SunMar 8International Women's Day
- SunApr 12Easter
- MonApr 13Easter
- MonApr 20Day of Rejoicing
- FriMay 1International Workers' Solidarity Day
- SatMay 9Europe DayVictory Day and Commemoration of the heroes fallen for Independence of Fatherland
- MonJun 1International Children's Day
- ThuAug 27Republic of Moldova Independence Day
- MonAug 31National Language Day
- FriDec 25Christmas Day (by new style)
Nationwide public holidays only, excluding regional, bank and government-only days.
- Time
- Currency
- Moldovan Leu (MDL)
- Entry requirements
- Official visa and entry information
- Calling code
- +373
- Internet TLD
- .md
- ISO 3166-1 codes
- MD, MDA
- Infrastructure
- Passengers carried
- 827,604 by the country's airlines(2023)
- Heliports
- 1
- Aircraft departures
- 6,644 by the country's airlines(2023)
- Air freight
- 0.4 million tonne-km(2023)
- Aircraft registration prefix
- ER
Sources:- The World Factbook: Moldova - CIA
- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Passenger rail
- Calea Ferată din Moldova (in Russian)
- 2025
- 42 / 100World Rank80thof 182
Significant improverUp 12 points since 2016, when it scored 30.
Confidence intervalCorruption index score by year Year Score Lower bound Upper bound 2012 36 31 40 2013 35 30 40 2014 35 31 39 2015 33 28 38 2016 30 27 34 2017 31 28 34 2018 33 30 36 2019 32 28.1 35.9 2020 34 32 36 2021 36 33.8 38.2 2022 39 36.3 41.7 2023 42 38.6 45.4 2024 43 39.3 46.7 2025 42 39.1 44.9 Source:- Corruption Perceptions Index 2025 ↗ - Transparency International, CC BY 4.0
- Form of state, System of government, Territorial organisation, Territorial control:Constituţia Republicii Moldova, consolidated text ↗ - Constitutional Court of Moldova
- National holidays:Open World Holidays Framework (vacanza/holidays) ↗
- Infrastructure:The World Factbook: Moldova - CIA
- Infrastructure:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Corruption Perceptions Index:Corruption Perceptions Index 2025 ↗ - Transparency International, CC BY 4.0
Economy
- Upper middle income
- GDP growth (real)2026
- +1.5% per yearWorld Rank151stof 195
- GDP per capita (PPP)2026
- GDP per capita (nominal)
- $9,497 (96th in the world)
Source:- 2025
- Services61.5% of GDPIndustry16.9% of GDPAgriculture7.4% of GDPManufacturing7.4%part of industry
- Households
- +86.5%
- Government
- +18.5%
- Investment
- +24.2%
- Exports
- +31.8%
- Imports
- −60.9%
The shape of the economyGDP by end useSource:- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Inflation2026
- 7.4%down 0.4 percentage points0.4pp from 2025
- Labor force2024
- 1.8 million (58% of population)World Rank130thof 187
- Labor force participation2024
- 72.2% of people aged 15+
- Unemployment2024
- 1.4%
- Youth unemployment2024
- 4.5% ages 15 to 24
- Labor productivity2024
- $11.6 per hour worked at PPP
- Budget balance2026
- 5% of GDP deficit
- Current account
- 22% of GDP, $4.9 billion deficit
Source: - Debt2024
- Government debt38.1% of GDPInterest on debt1.4% of GDPCentral government debt37.6% of GDP
- Trade2025
- Goods$3.2 billion50.1%
- Services$3.2 billion49.9%
- Total exports
- $6.4 billion
- Change from 2024
- up 12.1 percent on the previous year12.1%
Sources:- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- The World Factbook: Moldova - CIA
- 2024
- +0.21World Rank71stof 145
- Projected GDP growth
- +4% a year over the next 10 years
Source:- Atlas of Economic Complexity ↗ - Harvard Growth Lab
- Agricultural products2024
- Sunflower seed, Plums and sloes, Grapes, and 7 more
- 1Sunflower seed27×
- 2Plums and sloes17.1×
- 3Grapes11.9×
- 4Apples9.4×
- 5Wheat3.4×
- 6Barley3.2×
- 7Sugar beet2.3×
- 8Rape or colza seed2.2×
- 9Maize (corn)1.3×
- 10Onions and shallots (dry)1.3×
ProductSource:- FAOSTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Industries
- sugar processing, vegetable oil, food processing, agricultural machinery
- foundry equipment, refrigerators and freezers, washing machines
- hosiery, shoes, textiles
- Income level, GDP by sector, Trade:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- GDP (nominal), GDP growth (real), GDP per capita (PPP), Inflation, Budget balance:IMF World Economic Outlook ↗
- Labor force, Labor force participation, Unemployment, Youth unemployment, Labor productivity:ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
- Debt:IMF Global Debt Database ↗
- Debt:IMF Public Finances in Modern History ↗
- Trade, Industries:The World Factbook: Moldova - CIA
- Economic Complexity Index:Atlas of Economic Complexity ↗ - Harvard Growth Lab
- Agricultural products:FAOSTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
Cost of Living
- Cost of living index
- Loading
- Monthly costs (excluding rent)
- Loading
- Rent
- Loading
- Buying an apartment
- Loading
- Average gross salary2025
- MDL 8,709 per month$501 (USD), $993 (PPP)
- Median
- MDL 7,200 per month($414)
- Men
- MDL 9,459 per month($544)
- Women
- MDL 8,142 per month($469)
Source:- ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
- 2025
- MDL 5,500 per month, gross$316 (USD), $627 (PPP)
- Share of the average gross salary
- 63%
Source:- ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
- Average gross salary, Minimum wage:ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
Society
- 2023
- 0.785HighWorld Rank86thof 193MoldovaWorld
Human Development Index by year Year Moldova World 2005 0.702 0.681 2006 0.711 0.688 2007 0.718 0.694 2008 0.728 0.698 2009 0.729 0.701 2010 0.739 0.707 2011 0.748 0.713 2012 0.754 0.717 2013 0.758 0.721 2014 0.762 0.726 2015 0.759 0.731 2016 0.763 0.735 2017 0.769 0.739 2018 0.772 0.741 2019 0.775 0.745 2020 0.770 0.742 2021 0.773 0.742 2022 0.784 0.752 2023 0.785 0.756 Source:- Human Development Report ↗ - United Nations Development Programme
- 2023
- 26.8
- Mean years of schooling2023
- 11.8 years
- Expected for a child today
- 14.6 years
Source:- Human Development Report ↗ - United Nations Development Programme
- Literacy2014
- 99.4% of adults
- Education expenditure2023
- 6.6% of GDP
- Share of government spending
- 16.9%
Source:- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Internet users2024
- 77.4% of the population
- Households with Internet access
- 74.1%
Source:- ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Mobile subscriptions2024
- 3.6 million
- Fixed telephone lines
- 734,202
- Fixed broadband
- 29.6 subscriptions per 100 people
Counts subscriptions, not people.
Source:- ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Credit-card ownership2024
- 8% of adults
- Debit-card ownership
- 43%
- Account at a bank or mobile-money provider
- 56%
- Made or received a digital payment
- 50%
Source:- Global Findex Database ↗ - World Bank
- Refugees hosted2025
- 133,256 people
- Asylum seekers
- 730
- Stateless persons
- 4,704
- Internally displaced persons
- 6(2024)All due to disasters
- Refugees from Moldova abroad
- 6,172
Sources:- Refugee Data Finder ↗ - UN Refugee Agency
- Global Internal Displacement Database ↗ - Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre
- 2024
- Official tourism site254,020 arrivalsup 46% against 201946% above 2019World Rank115thof 139
- Per resident
- 8.4 arrivals per 100 residents
- $933.2 million
- Spending per arrival
- $3,674
- Share of GDP
- 0.6% tourism direct GDP
- 24,687 overnight trips by residents
- 391,228 overnight trips
- $758.5 million
- Hotel beds
- 8,094
- Average hotel stay
- 2 nights
Overnight arrivals by year2010 to 2024A tourist stays at least one night. Arrivals count trips, not people.
Source:- UN Tourism Data Dashboard ↗ - UN Tourism
- UNESCO World Heritage Sites
- 1 site1 cultural
Site Struve Geodetic Arc Source:- The World Factbook: Moldova - CIA
- Human Development Index, Mean years of schooling:Human Development Report ↗ - United Nations Development Programme
- Income inequality (Gini), Education expenditure:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Literacy:UIS Data Browser ↗ - UNESCO Institute for Statistics
- Internet users, Mobile subscriptions:ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Credit-card ownership:Global Findex Database ↗ - World Bank
- Refugees hosted:Refugee Data Finder ↗ - UN Refugee Agency
- Refugees hosted:Global Internal Displacement Database ↗ - Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre
- Inbound tourists:UN Tourism Data Dashboard ↗ - UN Tourism
- UNESCO World Heritage Sites:The World Factbook: Moldova - CIA
Crime & Safety
- Travel advisory (US)
- Loading
- Active humanitarian crisisAug 2026
- None - no active crisis
- Homicide rate2024
- Low by global standards2 per 100,000 peopleWorld Rank58thof 115
- Crime rates
- 7 offence categories
Offence Per 100,000 Count Year Homicide (victims) 2.0 61 2024 Serious assault 4.4 134 2023 Sexual violence 18.0 551 2023 Kidnapping 1.1 33 2023 Burglary 183.1 6,122 2014 Theft 262.8 8,066 2020 Vehicle theft 12.3 376 2020 A low figure can also mean weak recording.
Source:- UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
- Prison population2022
- 210.4 per 100,000 people
- Persons held
- 6,396
Source:- UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
- Active humanitarian crisis:INFORM Severity Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
- Homicide rate, Crime rates, Prison population:UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
Health
- Life expectancy2026
- 71.6 years
- Health expenditure2023
- 6.7% of GDP$452 per person
- Physicians2023
- 4.02 per 1,000 population
- Hospital beds2023
- 5.5 per 1,000 population
- Infant mortality2026
- 9.3 per 1,000 live births
- Maternal mortality2023
- 19 per 100,000 live births
- Alcohol consumption2022
- 14.1 litres of pure alcohol per adult per year
- Tobacco use2020
- 27.7% of adults
- Men
- 48.8%
- Women
- 6.6%
Source:- Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Road traffic deaths2019
- 7.3 per 100,000 population
- Life expectancy, Infant mortality:UN World Population Prospects ↗
- Health expenditure, Physicians, Hospital beds, Road traffic deaths:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Maternal mortality:Maternal mortality estimates ↗ - UN Maternal Mortality Estimation Inter-agency Group
- Alcohol consumption, Tobacco use:Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
Environment
- CO₂ emissions2024
- 8.21 Mt per year
- CO₂ per capita
- 2.1 t per personWorld Rank122ndof 207
- Share of global CO₂
- 0.02%
- Methane (CH₄)
- 2.2 Mt CO₂-eq
- Nitrous oxide (N₂O)
- 0.97 Mt CO₂-eq
- Fluorinated gases
- 0.28 Mt CO₂-eq
- All greenhouse gases
- 11.7 Mt CO₂-eq
Source:- Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ↗ - European Commission, Joint Research Centre
- 2024
- 10.9 µg/m³ of PM2.50.6 years of life expectancy lost against the WHO guidelineMost polluted129thof 236
- WHO guideline
- 5 µg/m³
- National standard
- 25 µg/m³
Source:- Air Quality Life Index ↗ - Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago
- Environmental issues
- soil and water pollution from heavy use of agricultural chemicals
- extensive soil erosion and declining soil fertility from farming methods
- International agreements
- 19 of 20 landmark treaties in forceParty to 94 multilateral environmental agreements
Treaty Standing Joined Climate Paris Agreement in force 2017 UN Framework Convention on Climate Change in force 1995 Kyoto Protocol in force 2005 Ozone layer Montreal Protocol in force 1997 Vienna Convention (Ozone Layer) in force 1997 Biodiversity Convention on Biological Diversity in force 1996 CITES in force 2001 Convention on Migratory Species (Bonn) in force 2001 Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety in force 2003 Nagoya Protocol in force 2016 Land and heritage Ramsar Convention on Wetlands in force 2000 World Heritage Convention in force 2002 UN Convention to Combat Desertification in force 1999 Chemicals and waste Basel Convention in force 1998 Rotterdam Convention (PIC) in force 2005 Stockholm Convention (POPs) in force 2004 Minamata Convention on Mercury in force 2017 Oceans UN Convention on the Law of the Sea in force 2007 High Seas Treaty (BBNJ) signed 2025, not ratified MARPOL 73/78 in force 2006 Source:- International Environmental Agreements Database ↗ - Université Laval
- CO₂ emissions:Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ↗ - European Commission, Joint Research Centre
- Air pollution:Air Quality Life Index ↗ - Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago
- Environmental issues:The World Factbook: Moldova - CIA
- International agreements:International Environmental Agreements Database ↗ - Université Laval
Food & Water
- No access to safe drinking water2022
- 11.6% of the population
- Renewable water2022
- 12 billion m³ per year
- Per person
- 4,036 m³ per year
- Dependency ratio
- 87% originates outside the country
- Annual water withdrawal
- 0.8 billion m³ per year
- Withdrawn for agriculture
- 7%
- Water stress
- 13% of available freshwater withdrawn
Source:- AQUASTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Undernourishment2022
- 6.7% of the population300,000 people
- Obesity2024
- 22.3% of adults
- Men
- 20.8%
- Women
- 23.1%
Source:- Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Underweight children2012
- 2.2% of children under five
- No access to safe drinking water, Renewable water:AQUASTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Undernourishment:Food security indicators (FAOSTAT) ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Obesity:Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Underweight children:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
Energy
- Energy consumption2024
- Per capita
- 42.7 GJ per person
- Share of world total
- 0.02%
- Supply
- No meaningful productionproduces under 2% of what it consumes, 2024
Source:- International Energy Statistics ↗ - U.S. Energy Information Administration
- Electricity2024
- Balanced trade, imports 0.4 TWh and exports 0.4 TWh in 20246.1 TWh generated per year
- Generation
- 6.1 TWh per year
- Consumption
- 5.5 TWh per year
- Imports
- 0.4 TWh per year
- Exports
- 0.4 TWh per year
- Net
- +0 TWh per year
Source:- International Energy Statistics ↗ - U.S. Energy Information Administration
- Oil, gas & coal
- No domestic productionconsumes 23,629 b/d in 2024Consumption202423,629 b/dImports201820 b/d
Oil imports and exports count crude oil only.
- Energy consumption, Electricity, Oil, gas & coal:International Energy Statistics ↗ - U.S. Energy Information Administration
Defense
- Military expenditure2024
- 0.6% of GDP$110.7 million, 1.6% of government spending
- Military personnel2025
- approximately 6,500Moldovan Armed Forces
- Military service2025
- Conscriptionages 18–27, 12 months, compulsory or voluntary; male registration required at age 16; conscientious objectors can perform non-military service in public institutions for a longer period, up to 24 months
As of 2024, women made up about 23% of the military's full-time personnel.
Source:- The World Factbook: Moldova - CIA
- Nuclear weapons2026
- None - no nuclear arsenal
- Military expenditure:SIPRI Military Expenditure Database ↗ - Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
- Military expenditure:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Military personnel, Military service:The World Factbook: Moldova - CIA
- Nuclear weapons:Status of World Nuclear Forces ↗ - Federation of American Scientists
