National Identity
- Official name
- Montenegro
- Official name (in Montenegrin, Cyrillic script)
- Црна Гора
- Official name (in Montenegrin, Latin script)
- Crna Gora
- Official name (in Albanian)
- Mali i Zi
- Name etymology
the name in Italian means "dark mountain" and is a translation of the Serbo-Croatian name Crna Gora; both refer to the dark coniferous forests in the mountainous region
Sources:- Constitution of Montenegro ↗ - Government of Montenegro
- The World Factbook: Montenegro - CIA
- Coat of arms
- National flag
Translated from the Parliament of Montenegro The flag of Montenegro is red in colour, with the coat of arms in the middle and a golden border.
Unofficial translation by WorldometerTranslated from Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Arts Unlike the coat of arms, the appearance of the state flag of Montenegro in the Middle Ages cannot be established. Only from the last decades of the 17th century, at the time of the Morean War, is the appearance of the Montenegrin flag known. Montenegrin detachments that fought on the side of the Republic of Venice against the Ottoman Empire used a flag on which the central symbol was a cross. There are also records of the Montenegrin flag at the time of → Šćepan Mali (1768). Ragusan merchants described it as a white flag, with a red frame and a golden cross at the top of the spear. The biologist Bartolomeo Biasoletto, who visited Montenegro in 1838, records that the Montenegrin flag is white with a red cross in the middle. Metropolitan Petar II used this flag both as a war flag and as a state flag. During the reign of Prince Danilo, its appearance changed. The red-blue-white tricolour (Pan-Slavic colours, determined at the First Pan-Slavic Congress in Prague in 1848), with the colours arranged horizontally, became the national (civil) flag. The krstaš remained in use as the standard of a stotina. This made a clear distinction between the war flag and the state flag. After the Congress of Berlin (→ Congress of Berlin and Montenegro), the tricolour was increasingly in use. The Constitution of the Principality of Montenegro of 1905 defined the national colours as: red, blue and white (Article 39), but it was not directly stated that these were the colours of the state flag. These colours and their arrangement did not change, and the tricolour remained in use until the end of the existence of the independent Montenegrin state (1918). In the Principality/Kingdom of Montenegro, a court flag was also in use from 1855, which also served as the main military flag in time of war. The court flag, that is, the alaj-barjak, was red, and in the middle was the coat of arms (a two-headed white eagle with a shield on its breast, on which the ruler's initials were inscribed, and with a crown above the heads and a lion in motion below the talons).
Unofficial translation by WorldometerTranslated from Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Arts Montenegro received its flag again in socialist Yugoslavia, after 1945, as one of the six federal units. According to Article 5 of the Constitution of the People's Republic of Montenegro of 1946, the state flag is a red-blue-white tricolour with a five-pointed star in the middle. The colours are arranged horizontally. The star is red, with a golden edge. The flag kept this appearance until 1993, when it was amended by the Law on the Coat of Arms and the Flag. Article 2 provided that the flag be a red-blue-white tricolour, with the colours laid horizontally.
Unofficial translation by WorldometerTranslated from Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Arts This solution remained in force until 2004, when the Law on State Symbols and Statehood Day provided that the flag is red in colour with the coat of arms in the middle and a golden border (Article 5). The Constitution of Montenegro sanctioned this appearance of the flag (Article 4).
Unofficial translation by WorldometerSources:- apisindikat.skupstina.me ↗ - the Parliament of Montenegro
- leks.canu.ac.me ↗ - Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Arts
- National anthem
- Oj, svijetla majska zoro (Ој, свијетла мајска зоро)2:05
- Title (in Montenegrin, Cyrillic script)
- Ој, свијетла мајска зоро
- Title (in Montenegrin, Latin script)
- Oj, svijetla majska zoro
- Title (in English, translated)
- Oh, Bright Dawn of May
- Lyrics
1Ој свијетла мајска зоро Ој свијетла мајска зоро Мајко наша Црна Горо Мајко наша Црна Горо
Синови смо твог стијења Синови смо твог стијења И чувари твог поштења И чувари твог поштења
Волимо вас, брда тврда И стравичне ваше кланце Који никад не познаше Срамотнога ропства ланце
Мајко наша Црна Горо Мајко наша Црна Горо
2Ој свијетла мајска зоро Ој свијетла мајска зоро Мајко наша Црна Горо Мајко наша Црна Горо
Док ловћенској нашој мисли Наша слога даје крила, Биће горда, биће славна Домовина наша мила.
Ријека ће наших вала Ускачући у два мора Глас носити океану Да је вјечна Црна Гора
Глас носити океану Да је вјечна Црна Гора
Да је вјечна Црна Гора
Source: - Citizens
- Montenegrins
- Official name:Constitution of Montenegro ↗ - Government of Montenegro
- Official name, Citizens:The World Factbook: Montenegro - CIA
- National flag:apisindikat.skupstina.me ↗ - the Parliament of Montenegro
- National flag:leks.canu.ac.me ↗ - Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Arts
- National anthem:nationalanthems.info ↗
Geography
- Location
- Southeastern Europe, between the Adriatic Sea and Serbia
- Total area
- 13,812 km²
- Land area
- 13,452 km²
- Water area
- 360 km²
- Land borders
- 680 km(5 countries)
- Bosnia and Herzegovina
- 242 km
- Albania
- 186 km
- Serbia
- 157 km
- Kosovo
- 76 km
- Croatia
- 19 km
Source:- The World Factbook: Montenegro - CIA
- Coastline
- 293.5 km
- Terrain
Highly indented coastline with narrow coastal plain backed by rugged high limestone mountains and plateaus - Mean elevation
- 1,086 m
- Highest point
- 2,534 mZia Kolata
- Lowest point
- 0 mAdriatic Sea
- Climate
Mediterranean climate hot dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfalls inland - Avg. temperature
- 9.7 °C
- Avg. daily range
- 5.3 to 14.1 °C
- Annual precipitation
- 1,606 mm
Temperature °CMeanDaily rangePrecipitation mmMonthly climate normals Month Avg. high, °C Mean, °C Avg. low, °C Precipitation, mm January 3.4 0 −3.4 138 February 4.9 1.2 −2.6 148 March 8.4 4.3 0.2 148 April 12.7 8.3 3.9 136 May 17.7 13.1 8.3 125 June 21.8 17.1 12 89 July 24.4 19.3 13.9 73 August 25.1 19.5 14.2 68 September 20 14.9 10.3 133 October 15.4 10.6 6.3 158 November 9.8 5.9 2.3 203 December 4.6 1.4 −1.8 187 Country-wide averages over 1991–2020.
Sources:- The World Factbook: Montenegro - CIA
- Climate Change Knowledge Portal (ERA5 reanalysis) ↗ - World Bank
- Weather
- Loading
- Land use2023
- Arable0.7%Perm. crops0.4%Pasture18.5%Forest61.5%Other18.9%
- Arable land
- 9,050 hectares (0.7%)
- Permanent crops
- 5,290 hectares (0.4%)
- Permanent meadows & pastures
- 249,180 hectares (18.5%)
- Forest
- 827,000 hectares (61.5%)
- Other land
- 254,480 hectares (18.9%)
Source: - Major lakes
- Lake Scutari400 km²
- Natural hazards2026
- Tsunamis6.1High#33/191Earthquakes5.5High#63/191Coastal floods3.0Low#106/191Epidemics2.7Low#165/191Drought2.1Very low#123/191River floods1.3Very low#146/191Tropical cyclones0.0Very low
Scores out of 10, ranks out of 191 countries.
Source:- INFORM Risk Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
- Location, Land borders, Coastline, Terrain, Mean elevation, Highest point, Lowest point, Climate, Major lakes:The World Factbook: Montenegro - CIA
- Climate:Climate Change Knowledge Portal (ERA5 reanalysis) ↗ - World Bank
- Land use:FAOSTAT Land Use domain ↗ - FAO
- Natural hazards:INFORM Risk Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
Demographics
- Population change2026
- −1.03% per year−6,496 people/yearWorld Rank228thof 237
- Birth rate
- 10.7 per 1,000 population
- Death rate
- 11.6 per 1,000 population
- Net migration rate
- −4.5 per 1,000 population
- 2026
- 40.4 yearsWorld Rank60thof 237
- Age structure2026
- 0-14 years17.7%15-64 years63.6%65 years +18.8%
- Share aged 65 and over
- 18.8%
- Share aged under 18
- 21.6%
- Total dependency ratio
- 57
- Youth dependency ratio
- 28
- Elderly dependency ratio
- 30
- Sex ratio
- 0.93 male / female
MaleAgeFemalePopulation by age group, % of total population Age Male Female 80+ 1.1% 2.7% 70-79 3.7% 5.1% 60-69 5.8% 6.7% 50-59 6.0% 6.8% 40-49 6.9% 7.1% 30-39 6.2% 6.0% 20-29 6.0% 5.8% 10-19 6.6% 6.1% 0-9 5.9% 5.5% - 2026
- 0.31 below the replacement level for Montenegro ()1.79 births per womanreplacement 2.10123World Rank125thof 237
- 0.86 daughters per woman0.14 below replacement, long-run each generation smaller than the lastreplacement 1.000.511.5
- 2026
- −0.9 per 1,000 populationfor every 1,000 people, 0.9 more deaths than births a year
- 2026
- −4.5 per 1,000 population
- Urbanization2026
- 65.7% live in cities411,260 urban residents
- Largest cities2023
- Podgorica, Nikšić, Budva, PljevljaRankCity or SettlementPopulation (2023 census)1Podgorica173,0242Nikšić54,3943Budva20,1684Pljevlja16,4195Bar15,8686Cetinje12,4607Bijelo Polje11,6358Ulcinj11,4889Tivat10,89410Rožaje10,581Source:
- Statistical Office of Montenegro (2023 census), via City Population by Thomas Brinkhoff ↗
- Population distribution
- Highest population density is concentrated in the south and southwest; the extreme eastern border is the least populated area.
- Ethnic groups2011
- Montenegrin45.0%Serbian28.7%Bosniak8.7%Albanian4.9%Muslim3.3%Romani1.0%Croat1.0%Other2.6%Unspecified4.9%
- Religions2011
- Orthodox72.1%Muslim19.1%Catholic3.4%Atheist1.2%Other1.5%Unspecified2.6%
- Languages
- Montenegrin (Crnogorski, Cyrillic script), Albanian (Shqip)
- Population, Population change, Median age, Age structure, Total fertility rate, Net reproduction rate, Natural change, Net migration rate:UN World Population Prospects ↗
- Urbanization:UN World Urbanization Prospects ↗
- Largest cities:Statistical Office of Montenegro (2023 census), via City Population by Thomas Brinkhoff ↗
- Population distribution, Ethnic groups, Religions:The World Factbook: Montenegro - CIA
Government & Administration
- Form of state
- RepublicThe President of Montenegro is elected by direct and secret ballot on universal and equal suffrage; the Constitution describes "an independent and sovereign state with a republican form of government" (Arts. 1, 96).
- System of government
- Semi-presidentialAlthough often described as parliamentary, Montenegro is classified as semi-presidential because it combines a directly elected President with a Government that Parliament approves together with its programme and can dismiss by a vote of no confidence (Arts. 103, 107).Source:
- Territorial organisation
- Unitary
- Official websites
- Capital
- Podgorica173,024 people(2023)
- National holidays
- 9 days in 2026
- ThuJan 1New Year's Day
- FriJan 2New Year's Day
- FriMay 1Labor Day
- SatMay 2Labor Day
- ThuMay 21Independence Day
- FriMay 22Independence Day
- MonJul 13Statehood Day
- TueJul 14Statehood Day
- FriNov 13Njegos Day
Nationwide public holidays only, excluding regional, bank and government-only days.
- Time
- Currency
- Euro (EUR)
- Entry requirements
- Official visa and entry information
- Calling code
- +382
- Internet TLD
- .me
- ISO 3166-1 codes
- ME, MNE
- Infrastructure
- Passengers carried
- 1,589 by the country's airlines(2021)
- Heliports
- 1
- Aircraft departures
- 20 by the country's airlines(2021)
- Air freight
- 0 million tonne-km(2021)
- Aircraft registration prefix
- 4O
Sources:- The World Factbook: Montenegro - CIA
- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Flag carrier
- Air MontenegroState-owned
- Passenger rail
- Željeznički prevoz Crne Gore (ZPCG)
- 2025
- 46 / 100World Rank65thof 182Confidence interval
Corruption index score by year Year Score Lower bound Upper bound 2012 41 34 49 2013 44 40 48 2014 42 35 49 2015 44 36 52 2016 45 41 50 2017 46 42 50 2018 45 38 52 2019 45 37.1 52.9 2020 45 39.7 50.3 2021 46 42.5 49.5 2022 45 41.8 48.2 2023 46 41.8 50.2 2024 46 41 51 2025 46 41.2 50.8 Source:- Corruption Perceptions Index 2025 ↗ - Transparency International, CC BY 4.0
- Form of state, System of government, Territorial organisation:Ustav Crne Gore, Službeni list CG br. 1/2007, with Amandmani I–XVI (Sl. list CG br. 38/13) ↗ - Government of Montenegro
- National holidays:Open World Holidays Framework (vacanza/holidays) ↗
- Infrastructure:The World Factbook: Montenegro - CIA
- Infrastructure:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Corruption Perceptions Index:Corruption Perceptions Index 2025 ↗ - Transparency International, CC BY 4.0
Economy
- Upper middle income
- GDP growth (real)2026
- +3% per yearWorld Rank96thof 195
- GDP per capita (PPP)2026
- GDP per capita (nominal)
- $16,211 (72nd in the world)
Source:- 2024
- Services63.8% of GDPIndustry12.2% of GDPAgriculture3.5% of GDPManufacturing3.3%part of industry
- Households
- +81.3%
- Government
- +17.4%
- Investment
- +26.9%
- Exports
- +40.1%
- Imports
- −65.7%
The shape of the economyGDP by end useSource:- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Inflation2026
- 3.5%down 0.4 percentage points0.4pp from 2025
- Labor force2024
- 304,414 (48% of population)World Rank165thof 187
- Labor force participation2024
- 58.2% of people aged 15+
- Unemployment2024
- 13.2%
- Youth unemployment2024
- 24.0% ages 15 to 24
- Labor productivity2024
- $29.7 per hour worked at PPP
- Budget balance2026
- 3.6% of GDP deficit
- Current account
- 19.7% of GDP, $2 billion deficit
Source: - Debt2024
- Government debt62.6% of GDP
- Trade2025
- Goods$663.4 million17.8%
- Services$3.1 billion82.2%
- Total exports
- $3.7 billion
- Change from 2024
- up 2.9 percent on the previous year2.9%
Sources:- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- The World Factbook: Montenegro - CIA
- Agricultural products2024
- Figs, Plums and sloes, Raw milk of sheep, and 7 more
- 1Figs87.9×
- 2Plums and sloes40.5×
- 3Raw milk of sheep21.1×
- 4Watermelons10.6×
- 5Grapes7×
- 6Raw milk of goats6.2×
- 7Raw milk of cattle6×
- 8Oranges4.5×
- 9Hen eggs in shell (fresh)3.8×
- 10Cabbages3.1×
ProductSource:- FAOSTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Industries
- steelmaking, aluminum, agricultural processing, consumer goods, tourism
- Income level, GDP by sector, Trade:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- GDP (nominal), GDP growth (real), GDP per capita (PPP), Inflation, Budget balance:IMF World Economic Outlook ↗
- Labor force, Labor force participation, Unemployment, Youth unemployment, Labor productivity:ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
- Debt:IMF Global Debt Database ↗
- Trade, Industries:The World Factbook: Montenegro - CIA
- Agricultural products:FAOSTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
Cost of Living
- Cost of living index
- Loading
- Monthly costs (excluding rent)
- Loading
- Rent
- Loading
- Buying an apartment
- Loading
- Average gross salary2022
- €883 per month$930 (USD), $2,167 (PPP)
- 2025
- €670 per month, gross$757 (USD), $1,526 (PPP)
- Average gross salary, Minimum wage:ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
Society
- 2023
- 0.862Very highWorld Rank48thof 193MontenegroWorld
Human Development Index by year Year Montenegro World 2003 0.764 0.669 2004 0.768 0.675 2005 0.773 0.681 2006 0.785 0.688 2007 0.795 0.694 2008 0.806 0.698 2009 0.809 0.701 2010 0.815 0.707 2011 0.822 0.713 2012 0.825 0.717 2013 0.830 0.721 2014 0.833 0.726 2015 0.839 0.731 2016 0.836 0.735 2017 0.843 0.739 2018 0.849 0.741 2019 0.851 0.745 2020 0.841 0.742 2021 0.840 0.742 2022 0.853 0.752 2023 0.862 0.756 Source:- Human Development Report ↗ - United Nations Development Programme
- 2021
- 34.3
- Mean years of schooling2023
- 12.8 years
- Expected for a child today
- 15.5 years
Source:- Human Development Report ↗ - United Nations Development Programme
- Literacy2018
- 98.5% of adults
- Internet users2024
- 88.9% of the population
- Households with Internet access
- 84.5%
Source:- ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Mobile subscriptions2024
- 1.4 million
- Fixed telephone lines
- 192,212
- Fixed broadband
- 32.3 subscriptions per 100 people
Counts subscriptions, not people.
Source:- ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Credit-card ownership2024
- 14% of adults
- Debit-card ownership
- 59%
- Account at a bank or mobile-money provider
- 75%
- Made or received a digital payment
- 64%
Source:- Global Findex Database ↗ - World Bank
- Refugees hosted2025
- 19,073 people
- Asylum seekers
- 142
- Stateless persons
- 390
- Refugees from Montenegro abroad
- 742
Source:- Refugee Data Finder ↗ - UN Refugee Agency
- Inbound tourists2022
- Official tourism site2 million arrivalsdown 19% against 201919% below 2019World Rank67thof 139
- Per resident
- 3.3 arrivals per resident
- $1.6 billion(2024)
- $119.9 million(2024)
- 54,308(2024)
- Average hotel stay
- 3.6 nights(2024)
Overnight arrivals by year2010 to 2022A tourist stays at least one night. Arrivals count trips, not people.
Source:- UN Tourism Data Dashboard ↗ - UN Tourism
- UNESCO World Heritage Sites
- 4 sites3 cultural1 natural
Site Type Natural and Culturo-Historical Region of Kotor Cultural Durmitor National Park Natural Stećci Medieval Tombstones Graveyards Cultural Fortified City of Kotor Venetian Defense Works Cultural Source:- The World Factbook: Montenegro - CIA
- Human Development Index, Mean years of schooling:Human Development Report ↗ - United Nations Development Programme
- Income inequality (Gini):World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Literacy:UIS Data Browser ↗ - UNESCO Institute for Statistics
- Internet users, Mobile subscriptions:ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Credit-card ownership:Global Findex Database ↗ - World Bank
- Refugees hosted:Refugee Data Finder ↗ - UN Refugee Agency
- Inbound tourists:UN Tourism Data Dashboard ↗ - UN Tourism
- UNESCO World Heritage Sites:The World Factbook: Montenegro - CIA
Crime & Safety
- Travel advisory (US)
- Loading
- Active humanitarian crisisAug 2026
- None - no active crisis
- Homicide rate2024
- 2.5 per 100,000 peopleLow by global standards
- Crime rates
- 7 offence categories
Offence Per 100,000 Count Year Homicide (victims) 2.5 16 2024 Serious assault 23.8 151 2023 Sexual violence 6.3 40 2023 Kidnapping 0.2 1 2023 Burglary 75.2 462 2022 Theft 55.3 340 2022 Vehicle theft 5.4 33 2022 A low figure can also mean weak recording.
Source:- UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
- Prison population2023
- 165.1 per 100,000 people
- Persons held
- 1,046
Source:- UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
- Active humanitarian crisis:INFORM Severity Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
- Homicide rate, Crime rates, Prison population:UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
Health
- Life expectancy2026
- 77.6 years
- Health expenditure2023
- 9.7% of GDP$1,148 per person
- Physicians2023
- 2.78 per 1,000 population
- Hospital beds2022
- 3.8 per 1,000 population
- Infant mortality2026
- 1.8 per 1,000 live births
- Maternal mortality2023
- 6 per 100,000 live births
- Alcohol consumption2022
- 8 litres of pure alcohol per adult per year
- Tobacco use2015latest available
- 36.5% of adults
- Men
- 39.8%
- Women
- 33.3%
Source:- Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Alcohol and Tobacco Spending2022
- 5.6% of household spendingWorld Rank15thof 105
- World median
- 3.1%
Source:- The World Factbook: Montenegro - CIA
- Road traffic deaths2019
- 7.6 per 100,000 population
- Life expectancy, Infant mortality:UN World Population Prospects ↗
- Health expenditure, Physicians, Hospital beds, Road traffic deaths:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Maternal mortality:Maternal mortality estimates ↗ - UN Maternal Mortality Estimation Inter-agency Group
- Alcohol consumption, Tobacco use:Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Alcohol and Tobacco Spending:The World Factbook: Montenegro - CIA
Environment
- 2024
- 15.8 µg/m³ of PM2.51.1 years of life expectancy lost against the WHO guidelineMost polluted86thof 236
- WHO guideline
- 5 µg/m³
- National standard
- 25 µg/m³
Source:- Air Quality Life Index ↗ - Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago
- Environmental issues
- pollution of coastal waters from sewage outlets
- serious air pollution in some cities from lignite power plants and household use of coal and wood for heating
- International agreements
- 19 of 20 landmark treaties in forceParty to 100 multilateral environmental agreements
Treaty Standing Joined Climate Paris Agreement in force 2018 UN Framework Convention on Climate Change in force 2007 Kyoto Protocol in force 2007 Ozone layer Montreal Protocol in force 2007 Vienna Convention (Ozone Layer) in force 2007 Biodiversity Convention on Biological Diversity in force 2006 CITES in force 2006 Convention on Migratory Species (Bonn) in force 2009 Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety in force 2006 Nagoya Protocol in force 2020 Land and heritage Ramsar Convention on Wetlands in force 2006 World Heritage Convention in force 2006 UN Convention to Combat Desertification in force 2007 Chemicals and waste Basel Convention in force 2007 Rotterdam Convention (PIC) in force 2012 Stockholm Convention (POPs) in force 2011 Minamata Convention on Mercury in force 2019 Oceans UN Convention on the Law of the Sea in force 2006 High Seas Treaty (BBNJ) signed 2025, not ratified MARPOL 73/78 in force 2006 Source:- International Environmental Agreements Database ↗ - Université Laval
- Air pollution:Air Quality Life Index ↗ - Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago
- Environmental issues:The World Factbook: Montenegro - CIA
- International agreements:International Environmental Agreements Database ↗ - Université Laval
Food & Water
- No access to safe drinking water2022
- 0.3% of the population
- Undernourishment2022
- 2.6% of the population
- Obesity2024
- 17.1% of adults
- Men
- 19.5%
- Women
- 14.6%
Source:- Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Underweight children2018
- 3.7% of children under five
- No access to safe drinking water:AQUASTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Undernourishment:Food security indicators (FAOSTAT) ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Obesity:Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Underweight children:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
Energy
- Energy consumption2024
- Per capita
- 66.7 GJ per person
- Share of world total
- 0.01%
- Supply
- Deficitproduces 58% of what it consumes, 2024
Source:- International Energy Statistics ↗ - U.S. Energy Information Administration
- Electricity2024
- Balanced trade, imports 6 TWh and exports 6.1 TWh in 20243.8 TWh generated per year
- Generation
- 3.8 TWh per year
- Consumption
- 3.2 TWh per year
- Imports
- 6 TWh per year
- Exports
- 6.1 TWh per year
- Net
- +0.2 TWh per year
Source:- International Energy Statistics ↗ - U.S. Energy Information Administration
- Oil, gas & coal
- No domestic productionconsumes 9,287 b/d in 2024Consumption20249,287 b/d
Oil imports and exports count crude oil only.
- Energy consumption, Electricity, Oil, gas & coal:International Energy Statistics ↗ - U.S. Energy Information Administration
Defense
- Military expenditure2024
- 1.8% of GDP$150 million, 4.2% of government spending
- Military personnel2025
- approximately 2,000active-duty military personnel
- Military service2025
- Voluntaryno conscription since 2006; ages 18–30
As of 2024, women made up over 11% of the military's full-time personnel.
Source:- The World Factbook: Montenegro - CIA
- Nuclear weapons2026
- None - no nuclear arsenal
- Military expenditure:SIPRI Military Expenditure Database ↗ - Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
- Military expenditure:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Military personnel, Military service:The World Factbook: Montenegro - CIA
- Nuclear weapons:Status of World Nuclear Forces ↗ - Federation of American Scientists
