National Identity
- Official name
- Czech Republic
- Official name (in Czech)
- Česká Republika
- Name etymology
name derives from the Czechs, a West Slavic tribe who rose to prominence in the late 9th century A.D.; the tribal name is said to come from an ancestral chief
Sources:- The Constitution of the Czech Republic ↗ - Prague Castle - President of the Czech Republic
- The World Factbook: Czech Republic (Czechia) - CIA
- Coat of arms
- National flag
Translated from Prague Castle – President of the Czech Republic The state flag consists of an upper white stripe and a lower red stripe, between which is inserted a blue wedge at the hoist extending to half the length of the flag. The ratio of the width of the flag to its length is 2:3.
Unofficial translation by WorldometerAs published by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic The white, red, and blue colors are both symbolic and historic. White (or silver) is the traditional color of Bohemia and represents the sky. Moravia is symbolized by the color red which also represents the blood shed for the freedom of the state. Blue is the traditional colour of Slovakia. It is also symbolic of impartiality and sovereignty. [...] While the blue triangle no longer represents Slovakia, it does remain a symbol of impartiality and sovereignty.
As published in EnglishTranslated from the Government of the Czech Republic The original land sovereign symbol was the white-red banner, which for a short time, after the creation of independent Czechoslovakia, was used as the new state flag of the newly created state. Because of opposition above all from the Slovak political scene and the similarity with the sovereign symbols of Poland and the Austrian republic, this original Czech land symbol was replaced by a new state flag, whose author was Jaroslav Kursa, also the author of the new Czechoslovak state coats of arms.
Unofficial translation by WorldometerTranslated from the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic The commission decided to add to the colours white and red also the colour blue, as a symbol of Slovakia. [...] In the end the design of Jaroslav Kursa with a blue wedge at the hoist was selected. The wedge, however, reached only into one third of the flag.
Unofficial translation by WorldometerTranslated from the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic At the meeting of 26 January the commission voted for the proposal to extend the wedge up to half the length of the flag. This brought about an optical balance of the individual colours. This solution was proposed by academic painter František Kysela (1881-1941).
Unofficial translation by WorldometerTranslated from the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic On 30 March 1920 the National Assembly adopted the act laying down provisions on the state flag, the state coats of arms and the state seal (252/1920 Coll.).
Unofficial translation by WorldometerTranslated from the Government of the Czech Republic With the German occupation, at the intervention of the occupying power, this flag was replaced by a new Protectorate flag, formed of three horizontal stripes of equal width in the order white, red and blue.
Unofficial translation by WorldometerTranslated from the Government of the Czech Republic The foreign resistance thereafter retained the original Czechoslovak state flag, whose form was not changed by any of the future political or constitutional changes affecting the Czechoslovak state in this period, and which subsequently also became the state flag of the independent Czech Republic.
Unofficial translation by WorldometerSources:- hrad.cz ↗ - Prague Castle – President of the Czech Republic
- mzv.gov.cz ↗ - the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic
- vlada.gov.cz ↗ - the Government of the Czech Republic
- psp.cz ↗ - the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic
- National anthem
- Kde domov můj?1:12
- Title (in Czech)
- Kde domov můj?
- Title (in English, translated)
- Where is My Home?
- Lyrics
Kde domov můj, kde domov můj? Voda hučí po lučinách, bory šumí po skalinách, v sadě skví se jara květ, zemský ráj to na pohled! A to je ta krásná země, země česká domov můj, země česká domov můj!
Source: - Citizens
- Czechs
- Official name:The Constitution of the Czech Republic ↗ - Prague Castle - President of the Czech Republic
- Official name, Citizens:The World Factbook: Czech Republic (Czechia) - CIA
- National flag:hrad.cz ↗ - Prague Castle – President of the Czech Republic
- National flag:mzv.gov.cz ↗ - the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic
- National flag:vlada.gov.cz ↗ - the Government of the Czech Republic
- National flag:psp.cz ↗ - the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic
- National anthem:nationalanthems.info ↗
Geography
- Location
- Total area
- 78,867 km²
- Land area
- 77,247 km²
- Water area
- 1,620 km²
- Land borders
- 2,046 km(4 countries)
- Coastline
- 0 km(Landlocked)
- Terrain
Bohemia in the west consists of rolling plains, hills, and plateaus surrounded by low mountains; Moravia in the east consists of very hilly country - Mean elevation
- 433 m
- Highest point
- 1,602 mSnezka
- Lowest point
- 115 mLabe (Elbe) River
- Climate
Temperate cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters - Avg. temperature
- 8.6 °C
- Avg. daily range
- 4.7 to 12.3 °C
- Annual precipitation
- 793 mm
Temperature °CMeanDaily rangePrecipitation mmMonthly climate normals Month Avg. high, °C Mean, °C Avg. low, °C Precipitation, mm January 1 −1.3 −3.7 53 February 2.8 −0.1 −3.1 45 March 7.2 3.5 −0.2 57 April 13.3 8.7 3.8 52 May 17.7 13.2 8.1 80 June 21.1 16.6 11.5 90 July 23.2 18.5 13.3 100 August 23.3 18.2 13.1 86 September 17.9 13.5 9.2 69 October 12.1 8.5 5.1 56 November 6 3.7 1.3 53 December 1.8 −0.2 −2.4 55 Country-wide averages over 1991–2020.
Sources:- The World Factbook: Czech Republic (Czechia) - CIA
- Climate Change Knowledge Portal (ERA5 reanalysis) ↗ - World Bank
- Weather
- Loading
- Land use2023
- Arable32.7%Perm. crops0.5%Pasture12.5%Forest38.2%Other16.0%
- Arable land
- 2,524,276 hectares (32.7%)
- Permanent crops
- 41,722 hectares (0.5%)
- Permanent meadows & pastures
- 968,416 hectares (12.5%)
- Forest
- 2,950,280 hectares (38.2%)
- Other land
- 1,232,037 hectares (16.0%)
Source: - Natural hazards2026
- River floods5.7High#82/191Epidemics2.1Very low#181/191Drought1.3Very low#141/191Earthquakes0.5Very low#124/191Tsunamis0.0Very lowTropical cyclones0.0Very lowCoastal floods0.0Very low
Scores out of 10, ranks out of 191 countries.
Source:- INFORM Risk Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
- Location, Land borders, Coastline, Terrain, Mean elevation, Highest point, Lowest point, Climate, Major rivers:The World Factbook: Czech Republic (Czechia) - CIA
- Climate:Climate Change Knowledge Portal (ERA5 reanalysis) ↗ - World Bank
- Land use:FAOSTAT Land Use domain ↗ - FAO
- Natural hazards:INFORM Risk Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
Demographics
- Population change2026
- −0.77% per year−81,460 people/yearWorld Rank220thof 237
- Birth rate
- 7.9 per 1,000 population
- Death rate
- 11.2 per 1,000 population
- Net migration rate
- +1.3 per 1,000 population
- 2026
- 44.3 yearsWorld Rank28thof 237
- Age structure2026
- 0-14 years14.8%15-64 years63.7%65 years +21.4%
- Share aged 65 and over
- 21.4%
- Share aged under 18
- 18.2%
- Total dependency ratio
- 57
- Youth dependency ratio
- 23
- Elderly dependency ratio
- 34
- Sex ratio
- 0.97 male / female
MaleAgeFemalePopulation by age group, % of total population Age Male Female 80+ 1.9% 3.4% 70-79 4.7% 6.1% 60-69 5.6% 5.9% 50-59 7.5% 7.2% 40-49 7.7% 7.2% 30-39 6.4% 6.0% 20-29 5.1% 4.8% 10-19 5.5% 5.3% 0-9 4.9% 4.7% - 2026
- 0.63 below the replacement level for Czechia ()1.47 births per womanreplacement 2.10123World Rank174thof 237
- 0.71 daughters per woman0.29 below replacement, long-run each generation smaller than the lastreplacement 1.000.511.5
- 2026
- −3.3 per 1,000 populationfor every 1,000 people, 3.3 more deaths than births a year
- 2026
- +1.3 per 1,000 population
- Urbanization2026
- 73.0% live in 7,682,858 urban residents
- Largest cities2024
- Prague, Brno, Ostrava, PlzeňRankCity or TownPopulation (2024 estimate)1Prague1,397,8802Brno402,7393Ostrava283,1874Plzeň187,9285Liberec108,0906Olomouc103,0637České Budějovice97,2318Hradec Králové94,3119Pardubice92,31910Ústí nad Labem90,866Source:
- Czech Statistical Office (2024 estimate), via City Population by Thomas Brinkhoff ↗
- Population distribution
- A fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, but the northern and eastern regions tend to have larger urban concentrations.
- Ethnic groups2021
- Counts only people who reported a single ethnicity.Czech57.3%Moravian3.4%Other7.7%Unspecified31.6%
- Religions2021
- Roman Catholic7.0%Other believers belonging to a church or religious society6.0%Believers unaffiliated with a religious society9.1%None47.8%Unspecified30.1%
Other believers belonging to a church or religious society include Evangelical United Brethren Church and Czechoslovak Hussite Church.
Source:- The World Factbook: Czech Republic (Czechia) - CIA
- Languages
- Czech (Čeština)
- Population, Population change, Median age, Age structure, Total fertility rate, Net reproduction rate, Natural change, Net migration rate:UN World Population Prospects ↗
- Urbanization:UN World Urbanization Prospects ↗
- Largest cities:Czech Statistical Office (2024 estimate), via City Population by Thomas Brinkhoff ↗
- Population distribution, Ethnic groups, Religions:The World Factbook: Czech Republic (Czechia) - CIA
Government & Administration
- Form of state
- RepublicThe President is head of state, elected directly by secret ballot with more than half of valid votes, and is not responsible for the performance of his duties (Arts. 54, 56).
- System of government
- Semi-presidentialAlthough often described as parliamentary, the Czech Republic is classified as semi-presidential because it combines a directly elected President with a government that must win an Assembly of Deputies (lower house) confidence vote within thirty days and resigns on no confidence (Arts. 68, 72, 73).
- Territorial organisation
- Unitary
- Official websites
- Capital
- Prague1.4 million people(2024)
- National holidays
- 13 days in 2026
- ThuJan 1Independent Czech State Restoration DayNew Year's Day
- FriApr 3Good Friday
- MonApr 6Easter Monday
- FriMay 1Labor Day
- FriMay 8Victory Day
- SunJul 5Saints Cyril and Methodius Day
- MonJul 6Jan Hus Day
- MonSep 28Statehood Day
- WedOct 28Independent Czechoslovak State Day
- TueNov 17Struggle for Freedom and Democracy Day and International Students' Day
- ThuDec 24Christmas Eve
- FriDec 25Christmas Day
- SatDec 26Second Day of Christmas
Nationwide public holidays only, excluding regional, bank and government-only days.
- Time
- Currency
- Czech Koruna (CZK)
- Entry requirements
- Official visa and entry information
- Calling code
- +420
- Internet TLD
- .cz
- ISO 3166-1 codes
- CZ, CZE
- Infrastructure
- Passengers carried
- 2,175,763 by the country's airlines(2023)
- Heliports
- 107
- Aircraft departures
- 14,545 by the country's airlines(2023)
- Air freight
- 0 million tonne-km(2023)
- Aircraft registration prefix
- OK
Sources:- The World Factbook: Czech Republic (Czechia) - CIA
- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Passenger rail
- České dráhy
- 2025
- 59 / 100World Rank39thof 182
Significant improverUp 11 points since 2013, when it scored 48.
Confidence intervalCorruption index score by year Year Score Lower bound Upper bound 2012 49 44 53 2013 48 43 53 2014 51 46 56 2015 56 52 60 2016 55 51 59 2017 57 54 60 2018 59 55 63 2019 56 52.9 59.1 2020 54 52.2 55.8 2021 54 51.9 56.1 2022 56 54.2 57.8 2023 57 54.9 59.1 2024 56 53.7 58.3 2025 59 57.6 60.4 Source:- Corruption Perceptions Index 2025 ↗ - Transparency International, CC BY 4.0
- Form of state, System of government, Territorial organisation:Ústava České republiky, ústavní zákon č. 1/1993 Sb. ze dne 16. prosince 1992, ve znění ústavních zákonů č. 347/1997, 300/2000, 448/2001, 395/2001, 515/2002, 319/2009, 71/2012 a 98/2013 Sb. ↗ - Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic
- National holidays:Open World Holidays Framework (vacanza/holidays) ↗
- Infrastructure:The World Factbook: Czech Republic (Czechia) - CIA
- Infrastructure:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Corruption Perceptions Index:Corruption Perceptions Index 2025 ↗ - Transparency International, CC BY 4.0
Economy
- High income
- GDP growth (real)2026
- +1.8% per yearWorld Rank142ndof 195
- GDP per capita (PPP)2026
- GDP per capita (nominal)
- $39,614 (39th in the world)
Source:- 2025
- Services60.8% of GDPIndustry28.7% of GDPAgriculture1.9% of GDPManufacturing19.4%part of industry
- Households
- +47.4%
- Government
- +20%
- Investment
- +26.8%
- Exports
- +66.9%
- Imports
- −61.1%
The shape of the economyGDP by end useSource:- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Inflation2026
- 2.1%down 0.4 percentage points0.4pp from 2025
- Labor force2024
- 5.5 million (51% of population)World Rank79thof 187
- Labor force participation2024
- 60.6% of people aged 15+
- Unemployment2024
- 2.6%
- Youth unemployment2024
- 9.2% ages 15 to 24
- Labor productivity2024
- $54.4 per hour worked at PPP
- Labor cost2025
- CZK 488.50 per hour$22.32 (USD), $33.33 (PPP)
- Budget balance2026
- 2.7% of GDP deficit
- Current account
- 1.9% of GDP, $8.2 billion deficit
Source: - Debt2024
- Government debt43% of GDPHousehold debt30.8% of GDPCompany debt57.1% of GDPInterest on debt1.3% of GDPCentral government debt43.8% of GDP
- Trade2025
- Goods$215 billion81.9%
- Services$47.5 billion18.1%
- Total exports
- $262.5 billion
- Change from 2024
- up 9.1 percent on the previous year9.1%
Sources:- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- The World Factbook: Czech Republic (Czechia) - CIA
- 2024
- +1.33World Rank7thof 145
- Projected GDP growth
- +1.3% a year over the next 10 years
Source:- Atlas of Economic Complexity ↗ - Harvard Growth Lab
- Agricultural products2024
- Triticale, Sugar beet, Barley, and 7 more
- 1Triticale9.8×
- 2Sugar beet9.7×
- 3Barley7.3×
- 4Rape or colza seed6.7×
- 5Oats5.6×
- 6Wheat3.6×
- 7Raw milk of cattle2.8×
- 8Meat of pig with the bone (fresh or chilled)1.1×
- 9Potatoes1×
- 10Maize (corn)0.4×
ProductSource:- FAOSTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Gold reserves2025
- 71.6 tonnesWorth $10.1 billion, 6% of total official reserves by value
- Industries
- motor vehicles, metallurgy, machinery and equipment, glass, armaments
- Income level, GDP by sector, Trade, Gold reserves:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- GDP (nominal), GDP growth (real), GDP per capita (PPP), Inflation, Budget balance:IMF World Economic Outlook ↗
- Labor force, Labor force participation, Unemployment, Youth unemployment, Labor productivity, Labor cost:ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
- Debt:IMF Global Debt Database ↗
- Debt:IMF Public Finances in Modern History ↗
- Trade, Industries:The World Factbook: Czech Republic (Czechia) - CIA
- Economic Complexity Index:Atlas of Economic Complexity ↗ - Harvard Growth Lab
- Agricultural products:FAOSTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
Cost of Living
- Cost of living index
- Loading
- Monthly costs (excluding rent)
- Loading
- Rent
- Loading
- Buying an apartment
- Loading
- Average gross salary2025
- €2,404 per month$2,716 (USD), $4,055 (PPP)
- Median
- €2,175 per month($2,457)
- Men
- €2,739 per month($3,095)
- Women
- €2,049 per month($2,316)
Source:- ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
- 2025
- CZK 20,800 per month, gross$951 (USD), $1,419 (PPP)
- Share of the average gross salary
- 35%
Source:- ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
- Average gross salary, Minimum wage:ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
Society
- 2023
- 0.915Very highWorld Rank29thof 193Czech Republic (Czechia)World
Human Development Index by year Year Czech Republic (Czechia) World 1990 0.753 0.608 1991 0.751 0.611 1992 0.752 0.614 1993 0.760 0.617 1994 0.771 0.620 1995 0.781 0.625 1996 0.793 0.631 1997 0.797 0.636 1998 0.802 0.641 1999 0.806 0.646 2000 0.817 0.651 2001 0.828 0.657 2002 0.835 0.662 2003 0.842 0.669 2004 0.848 0.675 2005 0.856 0.681 2006 0.864 0.688 2007 0.870 0.694 2008 0.873 0.698 2009 0.875 0.701 2010 0.880 0.707 2011 0.883 0.713 2012 0.885 0.717 2013 0.892 0.721 2014 0.898 0.726 2015 0.900 0.731 2016 0.902 0.735 2017 0.904 0.739 2018 0.901 0.741 2019 0.903 0.745 2020 0.898 0.742 2021 0.901 0.742 2022 0.911 0.752 2023 0.915 0.756 Source:- Human Development Report ↗ - United Nations Development Programme
- 2023
- 25.7
- Mean years of schooling2023
- 13 years
- Expected for a child today
- 16.8 years
Source:- Human Development Report ↗ - United Nations Development Programme
- Education expenditure2022
- 4.3% of GDP
- Share of government spending
- 10%
Source:- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Internet users2024
- 87.7% of the population
- Households with Internet access
- 89.1%
Source:- ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Mobile subscriptions2024
- 13.6 million
- Fixed telephone lines
- 1,158,276
- Fixed broadband
- 38.9 subscriptions per 100 people
Counts subscriptions, not people.
Source:- ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Credit-card ownership2021
- 30% of adults
- Debit-card ownership
- 89%
- Account at a bank or mobile-money provider
- 95%
- Made or received a digital payment
- 94%
Source:- Global Findex Database ↗ - World Bank
- Refugees hosted2025
- 381,013 people
- Asylum seekers
- 976
- Stateless persons
- 596
- Internally displaced persons
- 5(2024)All due to disasters
- Refugees from Czechia abroad
- 755
Sources:- Refugee Data Finder ↗ - UN Refugee Agency
- Global Internal Displacement Database ↗ - Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre
- Inbound tourists2021latest available
- 3.8 million arrivalsdown 74% against 201974% below 2019Official tourism site
- Per resident
- 3.6 arrivals per 10 residents
- Same-day visitors
- 6.2 million arrivals
- $9.9 billion(2024)
- Share of GDP
- 2.4% tourism direct GDP(2023)
- 21.6 million overnight trips by residents(2024)
- 7.5 million overnight trips(2024)
- $8.9 billion(2024)
- Hotel beds
- 366,610(2024)
- Average hotel stay
- 2.4 nights(2024)
Overnight arrivals by year2010 to 2021A tourist stays at least one night. Arrivals count trips, not people.
Source:- UN Tourism Data Dashboard ↗ - UN Tourism
- UNESCO World Heritage Sites
- 17 sites16 cultural1 natural
Site Type Historic Prague Cultural Historic Telč Cultural Historic Český Krumlov Cultural Lednice-Valtice Cultural Landscape Cultural Historic Kutná Hora Cultural Holy Trinity Column, Olomouc Cultural Karlovy Vary Spa Cultural Žatec and the Landscape of Saaz Hops Natural The Factbook names 8 of the 17 sites.
Source:- The World Factbook: Czech Republic (Czechia) - CIA
- Human Development Index, Mean years of schooling:Human Development Report ↗ - United Nations Development Programme
- Income inequality (Gini), Education expenditure:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Internet users, Mobile subscriptions:ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Credit-card ownership:Global Findex Database ↗ - World Bank
- Refugees hosted:Refugee Data Finder ↗ - UN Refugee Agency
- Refugees hosted:Global Internal Displacement Database ↗ - Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre
- Inbound tourists:UN Tourism Data Dashboard ↗ - UN Tourism
- UNESCO World Heritage Sites:The World Factbook: Czech Republic (Czechia) - CIA
Crime & Safety
- Travel advisory (US)
- Loading
- Active humanitarian crisisAug 2026
- None - no active crisis
- Homicide rate2024
- Very low by global standards0.6 per 100,000 peopleWorld Rank102ndof 115
- Crime rates
- 7 offence categories
Offence Per 100,000 Count Year Homicide (victims) 0.6 66 2024 Serious assault 39.4 4,263 2023 Sexual violence 17.2 1,864 2023 Kidnapping 0.1 8 2023 Burglary 316.2 33,750 2022 Theft 325.8 34,774 2022 Vehicle theft 32.5 3,468 2022 A low figure can also mean weak recording.
Source:- UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
- Prison population2023
- 181 per 100,000 people
- Persons held
- 19,569
Source:- UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
- Active humanitarian crisis:INFORM Severity Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
- Homicide rate, Crime rates, Prison population:UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
Health
- Life expectancy2026
- 80.3 years
- Health expenditure2024
- 8.5% of GDP$2,693 per person
- Physicians2022
- 4.35 per 1,000 population
- Hospital beds2022
- 6.5 per 1,000 population
- Infant mortality2026
- 2.0 per 1,000 live births
- Maternal mortality2023
- 3 per 100,000 live births
- Alcohol consumption2022
- 13.7 litres of pure alcohol per adult per year
- Tobacco use2023
- 28.5% of adults
- Men
- 32.6%
- Women
- 24.5%
Source:- Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Alcohol and Tobacco Spending2023
- 7.7% of household spendingWorld Rank4thof 105
- World median
- 3.1%
Source:- The World Factbook: Czech Republic (Czechia) - CIA
- Road traffic deaths2019
- 5.9 per 100,000 population
- Life expectancy, Infant mortality:UN World Population Prospects ↗
- Health expenditure, Physicians, Hospital beds, Road traffic deaths:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Maternal mortality:Maternal mortality estimates ↗ - UN Maternal Mortality Estimation Inter-agency Group
- Alcohol consumption, Tobacco use:Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Alcohol and Tobacco Spending:The World Factbook: Czech Republic (Czechia) - CIA
Environment
- CO₂ emissions2024
- 77.7 Mt per yeardown 9.2 percent on the previous year9.2% from 2023
- CO₂ per capita
- 7.3 t per personWorld Rank35thof 207
- Share of global CO₂
- 0.20%
- Methane (CH₄)
- 13.1 Mt CO₂-eq
- Nitrous oxide (N₂O)
- 5.68 Mt CO₂-eq
- Fluorinated gases
- 3.86 Mt CO₂-eq
- All greenhouse gases
- 100.4 Mt CO₂-eq
Source:- Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ↗ - European Commission, Joint Research Centre
- 2024
- 11.2 µg/m³ of PM2.50.6 years of life expectancy lost against the WHO guidelineMost polluted125thof 236
- WHO guideline
- 5 µg/m³
- National standard
- 10 µg/m³
- Life expectancy gain if the national standard were met
- 0.1 years
Source:- Air Quality Life Index ↗ - Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago
- Environmental issues
- air and water pollution (including acid rain) in areas of northwest Bohemia and in northern Moravia around Ostrava
- pollution from industry, mining, and agriculture
- International agreements
- 19 of 20 landmark treaties in forceParty to 124 multilateral environmental agreements
Treaty Standing Joined Climate Paris Agreement in force 2017 UN Framework Convention on Climate Change in force 1994 Kyoto Protocol in force 2005 Ozone layer Montreal Protocol in force 1993 Vienna Convention (Ozone Layer) in force 1993 Biodiversity Convention on Biological Diversity in force 1994 CITES in force 1992 Convention on Migratory Species (Bonn) in force 1994 Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety in force 2003 Nagoya Protocol in force 2016 Land and heritage Ramsar Convention on Wetlands in force 1993 World Heritage Convention in force 1993 UN Convention to Combat Desertification in force 2000 Chemicals and waste Basel Convention in force 1993 Rotterdam Convention (PIC) in force 2004 Stockholm Convention (POPs) in force 2004 Minamata Convention on Mercury in force 2017 Oceans UN Convention on the Law of the Sea in force 1996 High Seas Treaty (BBNJ) signed 2023, not ratified MARPOL 73/78 in force 1993 Source:- International Environmental Agreements Database ↗ - Université Laval
- CO₂ emissions:Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ↗ - European Commission, Joint Research Centre
- Air pollution:Air Quality Life Index ↗ - Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago
- Environmental issues:The World Factbook: Czech Republic (Czechia) - CIA
- International agreements:International Environmental Agreements Database ↗ - Université Laval
Food & Water
- No access to safe drinking water2022
- 0% of the population
- Renewable water2022
- 13 billion m³ per year
- Per person
- 1,232 m³ per year
- Dependency ratio
- 0% originates outside the country
- Annual water withdrawal
- 1.4 billion m³ per year
- Withdrawn for agriculture
- 3%
- Water stress
- 22% of available freshwater withdrawn
Source:- AQUASTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Obesity2024
- 26.3% of adults
- Men
- 30.5%
- Women
- 22.1%
Source:- Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Underweight children2001latest available
- 2.1% of children under five
- No access to safe drinking water, Renewable water:AQUASTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Obesity:Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Underweight children:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
Energy
- Energy consumption2024
- Per capita
- 143.7 GJ per person
- Share of world total
- 0.24%
- Supply
- Deficitproduces 52% of what it consumes, 2024
Source:- International Energy Statistics ↗ - U.S. Energy Information Administration
- Electricity2024
- Balanced trade, imports 15 TWh and exports 22 TWh in 202474 TWh generated per year
- Generation
- 74 TWh per year
- Consumption
- 64 TWh per year
- Imports
- 15 TWh per year
- Exports
- 22 TWh per year
- Net
- +6.7 TWh per year
Source:- International Energy Statistics ↗ - U.S. Energy Information Administration
- Oil, gas & coal
- Deficitproduces 5% of what it consumes, 2025Oil reserves202515 million barrelsWorld Rank83rdof 99Imports2020123,649 b/d
Oil imports and exports count crude oil only.
- Energy consumption, Electricity, Oil, gas & coal:International Energy Statistics ↗ - U.S. Energy Information Administration
- Oil, gas & coal:Worldwide Oil and Gas Survey ↗ - Oil & Gas Journal
Defense
- Military expenditure2024
- 1.9% of GDP$6.5 billion, 4.3% of government spending
- Military personnel2025
- approximately 28,000active-duty military personnel
- Military service2025
- Voluntaryno conscription since 2004; men and women 18–28
As of 2023, women comprised nearly 14% of the military's full-time personnel.
Source:- The World Factbook: Czech Republic (Czechia) - CIA
- Nuclear weapons2026
- None - no nuclear arsenal
- Military expenditure:SIPRI Military Expenditure Database ↗ - Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
- Military expenditure:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Military personnel, Military service:The World Factbook: Czech Republic (Czechia) - CIA
- Nuclear weapons:Status of World Nuclear Forces ↗ - Federation of American Scientists
