Luxembourg

Official name (in Luxembourgish)

Groussherzogtum Lëtzebuerg

Official name (in French)

Grand Duché de Luxembourg

Official name (in German)

Großherzogtum Luxemburg

Name etymology

probably derived from an early Celtic or Germanic form of the name, Lucilinburhuc, that was thought to mean "little fortress;" the name first referred to the city and was later used for the country

DesignHistory

The national flag consists of a width of cloth in the proportions of 5 to 3 or of 2 to 1, bearing three equal stripes of the colours red, white, blue arranged horizontally.

Unofficial translation by Worldometer

EnglishFrench

To distinguish the flag of Luxembourg from that of the Netherlands, a pragmatic solution was adopted: whereas the Dutch blue is an ultramarine blue, that of the Grand Duchy is a sky blue

Unofficial translation by Worldometer

EnglishFrench

Title (in Luxembourgish)

Ons Heemecht

Title (in English, translated)

Our Motherland

Lyrics

LuxembourgishEnglish

1

Wou d’Uelzecht durech d’Wisen zéit, duerch d’Fielsen d’Sauer brécht. Wou d’Rief laanscht d’Musel dofteg bléit, den Himmel Wäin ons mécht – dat ass onst Land, fir dat mir géif hei nidden alles won. Onst Heemechtsland, dat mir sou déif an onsen Hierzer dron. Onst Heemechtsland, dat mir sou déif an onsen Hierzer dron.

2

O Du do uewen, deem seng Hand duerch d’Welt d’Natioune leet, behitt Du d’Lëtzebuerger Land vru friemem Joch a Leed! Du hues ons all als Kanner schonn de fräie Geescht jo ginn. Looss virublénken d’Fräiheetssonn, déi mir sou laang gesinn! Looss virublénken d’Fräiheetssonn, déi mir sou laang gesinn!

Land area

2,586 km²

Water area

0.00 km²

Belgium

130 km

Germany

128 km

France

69 km

Avg. temperature

9.4 °C

Avg. daily range

5.9 to 13 °C

Annual precipitation

897 mm

Temperature °CMeanDaily range

°C°F

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Precipitation mm

Monthly climate normals

Month	Avg. high, °C	Mean, °C	Avg. low, °C	Precipitation, mm
January	3.6	1.5	−0.6	80
February	4.8	2.1	−0.6	69
March	9	5.3	1.8	70
April	13.3	9	4.5	62
May	17.1	12.8	8.2	75
June	20.3	16	11.1	74
July	22.5	18	13.2	75
August	22.2	17.5	12.8	76
September	18	13.7	9.6	70
October	13	9.5	6.5	74
November	7.5	5.2	3	76
December	4.3	2.3	0.4	96

Country-wide averages over 1991–2020.

Arable land

61,326 hectares (23.8%)

Permanent crops

1,552 hectares (0.6%)

Permanent meadows & pastures

69,760 hectares (27.1%)

Forest

88,700 hectares (34.5%)

Other land

35,738 hectares (13.9%)

Birth rate

10.1 per 1,000 population

Death rate

7.4 per 1,000 population

Net migration rate

+7.2 per 1,000 population

MaleAgeFemale

80+70-7960-6950-5940-4930-3920-2910-190-9

% of total population

Population by age group, % of total population

Age	Male	Female
80+	1.6%	2.4%
70-79	3.3%	3.7%
60-69	5.8%	5.6%
50-59	7.0%	6.7%
40-49	7.5%	7.4%
30-39	8.0%	7.7%
20-29	6.3%	5.8%
10-19	5.4%	5.2%
0-9	5.3%	5.1%

Share aged 65 and over

16.2%

Share aged under 18

18.9%

Total dependency ratio

47

Youth dependency ratio

23

Elderly dependency ratio

24

Sex ratio

1.01 male / female

Christians are predominantly Roman Catholic.Other includes Buddhist, folk religions, Hindu, Jewish.

The office of Head of State is hereditary by primogeniture in the direct line of the Grand Ducal house, and only children born of a marriage may succeed (Art. 56).

The Grand Duke appoints the Prime Minister and Government, which seeks an investiture vote and is responsible to the Chamber of Deputies; early elections may be called only after a lost confidence vote or a censure motion (Arts. 73, 88, 93, 94).

1. ThuJan 1New Year's Day
2. MonApr 6Easter Monday
3. FriMay 1Labor Day
4. SatMay 9Europe Day
5. ThuMay 14Ascension Day
6. MonMay 25Pentecost Monday
7. TueJun 23National Day
8. SatAug 15Assumption Day
9. SunNov 1All Saints' Day
10. FriDec 25Christmas Day
11. SatDec 26Saint Stephen's Day

Nationwide public holidays only, excluding regional, bank and government-only days.

World average 42

highly corruptvery clean

Significant declinerDown 7 points since 2015, when it scored 85.

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Confidence interval

Corruption index score by year

Year	Score	Lower bound	Upper bound
2012	80	75	85
2013	80	75	85
2014	82	77	87
2015	85	82	88
2016	81	78	84
2017	82	79	85
2018	81	77	85
2019	80	76.8	83.2
2020	80	77.5	82.5
2021	81	79.4	82.6
2022	77	75.2	78.8
2023	78	76.3	79.7
2024	81	77.7	84.3
2025	78	74.4	81.6

GDP per capita (nominal)

$155,733 (2nd in the world)

The shape of the economy

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GDP by end use

Households

+33.5%

Government

+19.8%

Investment

+15.5%

Exports

+190.5%

Imports

−159.4%

Current account

4.2% of GDP, $4.5 billion surplus

By specializationBy volume

ProductSpecialization index

1. 1Triticale34.7×
2. 2Raw milk of cattle9.8×
3. 3Barley3.8×
4. 4Meat of cattle with the bone (fresh or chilled)2.2×
5. 5Grapes2.1×
6. 6Rape or colza seed1.7×
7. 7Wheat1.3×
8. 8Meat of pig with the bone (fresh or chilled)1.3×
9. 9Potatoes0.7×

Median

€6,634 per month($7,496)

Men

€8,928 per month($10,089)

Women

€7,103 per month($8,026)

Share of the average gross salary

33%

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LuxembourgWorld

Human Development Index by year

Year	Luxembourg	World
1990	0.787	0.608
1991	0.796	0.611
1992	0.801	0.614
1993	0.812	0.617
1994	0.820	0.620
1995	0.824	0.625
1996	0.832	0.631
1997	0.837	0.636
1998	0.845	0.641
1999	0.858	0.646
2000	0.861	0.651
2001	0.863	0.657
2002	0.868	0.662
2003	0.870	0.669
2004	0.878	0.675
2005	0.879	0.681
2006	0.880	0.688
2007	0.883	0.694
2008	0.896	0.698
2009	0.905	0.701
2010	0.909	0.707
2011	0.911	0.713
2012	0.914	0.717
2013	0.919	0.721
2014	0.924	0.726
2015	0.913	0.731
2016	0.916	0.735
2017	0.913	0.739
2018	0.915	0.741
2019	0.916	0.745
2020	0.916	0.742
2021	0.918	0.742
2022	0.922	0.752
2023	0.922	0.756

Expected for a child today

14.4 years

Share of government spending

8.5%

Households with Internet access

97.6%

Fixed telephone lines

260,060

Fixed broadband

38.3 subscriptions per 100 people

Counts subscriptions, not people.

Debit-card ownership

90%

Account at a bank or mobile-money provider

99%

Made or received a digital payment

98%

Asylum seekers

4,505

Stateless persons

85

Refugees from Luxembourg abroad

5

Overnight arrivals by year2010 to 2022

Per resident

1.6 arrivals per resident

Visitor spending in the country

$6.7 billion(2024)

Share of GDP

0.8% tourism direct GDP

Domestic trips

155,000 overnight trips by residents

Residents' trips abroad

2.8 million overnight trips

Residents' spending abroad

$5.2 billion(2024)

Hotel beds

15,998

Average hotel stay

1.9 nights

A tourist stays at least one night. Arrivals count trips, not people.

Site
Luxembourg City Old Quarters and Fortifications

A low figure can also mean weak recording.

Persons held

605

Men

25.7%

Women

23.5%

CO₂ per capita

11.3 t per person

World Rank21stof 207

Share of global CO₂

0.02%

Methane (CH₄)

0.64 Mt CO₂-eq

Nitrous oxide (N₂O)

0.22 Mt CO₂-eq

Fluorinated gases

0.05 Mt CO₂-eq

All greenhouse gases

8.05 Mt CO₂-eq

WHO guideline

5 µg/m³

National standard

10 µg/m³

Treaty	Standing	Joined
Climate
Paris Agreement	in force	2016
UN Framework Convention on Climate Change	in force	1994
Kyoto Protocol	in force	2005
Ozone layer
Montreal Protocol	in force	1989
Vienna Convention (Ozone Layer)	in force	1989
Biodiversity
Convention on Biological Diversity	in force	1994
CITES	in force	1984
Convention on Migratory Species (Bonn)	in force	1983
Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety	in force	2003
Nagoya Protocol	signed 2011, not ratified
Land and heritage
Ramsar Convention on Wetlands	in force	1998
World Heritage Convention	in force	1983
UN Convention to Combat Desertification	in force	1997
Chemicals and waste
Basel Convention	in force	1994
Rotterdam Convention (PIC)	in force	2004
Stockholm Convention (POPs)	in force	2004
Minamata Convention on Mercury	in force	2017
Oceans
UN Convention on the Law of the Sea	in force	2000
High Seas Treaty (BBNJ)	in force	2026
MARPOL 73/78	in force	1991

Per person

5,357 m³ per year

Dependency ratio

71% originates outside the country

Annual water withdrawal

0 billion m³ per year

Withdrawn for agriculture

1%

Water stress

4% of available freshwater withdrawn

Men

20.5%

Women

17.5%

Per capita

240.2 GJ per person

Share of world total

0.03%

Supply

Deficitproduces 4.3% of what it consumes, 2024

OverviewBy source

Generation

1 TWh per year

Consumption

6.1 TWh per year

Imports

6.6 TWh per year

Exports

1.3 TWh per year

Net

−5.2 TWh per year

Since 2003, the Army has allowed EU citizens 18–24 years of age who have been a resident in the country for at least 36 months to volunteer.In 2024, women made up about 12% of the military's full-time personnel.

Key milestones

1980s

Began creating a satellite telecommunications infrastructure for Europe

2014

First privately built probe to successfully fly by the Moon (launched by China)

2018

Developed communications satellite (GOVSAT-1) to support the EU’s secure communications and space situational awareness program (GOVSATCOM)

2020

Signed US-led Artemis Accords for space exploration and agreed to join the Moon exploration mission

2021

Launched Luxembourg’s Quantum Communications Infrastructure project (LuxQCI) in support of the EU’s Quantum Communications Infrastructure (EuroQCI)

2025

Launched the Luxembourg Earth Observation System (LUXEOSys) satellite, part of a national space-based remote sensing program