National Identity
- Official name
- United Republic of Tanzania
- Official name (in Swahili)
- Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania
- Name etymology
the country's name is a combination of the first letters of Tanganyika and Zanzibar, the two states that merged to form Tanzania in 1964
Sources:- The Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania ↗ - National Audit Office - The United Republic of Tanzania
- The World Factbook: Tanzania - CIA
- Coat of arms
- National flag
- With effect from the 26th April 1964, the National Flag of the United Republic shall be of the description as specified in the First Schedule.
As published by the National Prosecutions Office of the United Republic of Tanzania A rectangular flag divided into two equal portions diagonally from the right-hand upper corner to the left-hand lower corner; the upper portion of green colour and the lower portion of blue colour; the dividing bands being of golden, black and golden collars; the two golden bands of equal size and smaller than the central black band
As published in EnglishTranslated from the Parliament of Tanzania The National Flag has four colours; those colours are green, which symbolises the land of our country; gold, which represents wealth and minerals; black, which represents the majority people of our country, that is, Tanzanians; and blue, which represents the Port that connects both sides of the United Republic of Tanzania.
Unofficial translation by WorldometerAs published by the National Prosecutions Office of the United Republic of Tanzania As published in EnglishSources:- nps.go.tz ↗ - the National Prosecutions Office of the United Republic of Tanzania
- polis.parliament.go.tz ↗ - the Parliament of Tanzania
- National anthem
- Mungu ibariki Afrika0:52
- Title (in Swahili)
- Mungu ibariki Afrika
- Title (in English, translated)
- God Bless Africa
- Lyrics
1Mungu ibariki Africa Wabariki Viongozi wake Hekima Umoja na Amani Hizi ni ngao zetu Afrika na watu wake.
ChorusIbariki Afrika Ibariki Afrika Tubariki watoto wa Afrika.
2Mungu ibariki Tanzania Dumisha uhuru na Umoja Wake kwa Waume na Watoto Mungu Ibariki Tanzania na watu wake.
ChorusIbariki Tanzania Ibariki Tanzania Tubariki watoto wa Tanzania.
Source: - Citizens
- Tanzanians
- Official name:The Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania ↗ - National Audit Office - The United Republic of Tanzania
- Official name, Citizens:The World Factbook: Tanzania - CIA
- Coat of arms:Image credit
- National flag:nps.go.tz ↗ - the National Prosecutions Office of the United Republic of Tanzania
- National flag:polis.parliament.go.tz ↗ - the Parliament of Tanzania
- National anthem:nationalanthems.info ↗
Geography
- Location
- Eastern Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean, between Kenya and Mozambique
- Total area
- 947,300 km²
- Land area
- 885,800 km²
- Water area
- 61,500 km²
- Land borders
- 4,161 km(8 countries)Source:
- The World Factbook: Tanzania - CIA
- Coastline
- 1,424 km
- Terrain
Plains along coast; central plateau; highlands in north, south - Mean elevation
- 1,018 m
- Highest point
- 5,895 mKilimanjaro
- Lowest point
- 0 mIndian Ocean
- Climate
Varies from tropical along coast to temperate in highlands - Avg. temperature
- 22.8 °C
- Avg. daily range
- 18.4 to 28 °C
- Annual precipitation
- 1,045 mm
Temperature °CMeanDaily rangePrecipitation mmMonthly climate normals Month Avg. high, °C Mean, °C Avg. low, °C Precipitation, mm January 28.1 23.3 19.5 170 February 28.4 23.5 19.6 141 March 28.1 23.2 19.5 176 April 27.2 22.6 19.1 139 May 27.1 22.2 18.1 50 June 26.8 21.4 16.6 13 July 26.5 20.9 15.9 8 August 27.5 21.8 16.7 14 September 28.9 23.1 17.7 19 October 29.7 24 19 48 November 29.4 24 19.5 105 December 28.4 23.5 19.6 164 Country-wide averages over 1991–2020.
Sources:- The World Factbook: Tanzania - CIA
- Climate Change Knowledge Portal (ERA5 reanalysis) ↗ - World Bank
- Weather
- Loading
- Land use2023
- Arable15.2%Perm. crops2.3%Pasture27.1%Forest50.1%Other5.3%
- Arable land
- 13,502,500 hectares (15.2%)
- Permanent crops
- 2,018,700 hectares (2.3%)
- Permanent meadows & pastures
- 24,000,000 hectares (27.1%)
- Forest
- 44,338,000 hectares (50.1%)
- Other land
- 4,720,800 hectares (5.3%)
Source: - Major lakes
- Lake Victoria62,940 km²Lake Tanganyika32,000 km²Lake Malawi22,490 km²Lake Rukwa5,760 km²
- Natural hazards2026
- Epidemics7.0Very high#24/191Drought4.7Medium#55/191Earthquakes4.4Medium#81/191River floods4.2Medium#113/191Coastal floods3.3Low#98/191Tsunamis3.1Low#78/191Tropical cyclones0.7Very low#60/191
Scores out of 10, ranks out of 191 countries.
Source:- INFORM Risk Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
- Location, Land borders, Coastline, Terrain, Mean elevation, Highest point, Lowest point, Climate, Major rivers, Major lakes:The World Factbook: Tanzania - CIA
- Climate:Climate Change Knowledge Portal (ERA5 reanalysis) ↗ - World Bank
- Land use:FAOSTAT Land Use domain ↗ - FAO
- Natural hazards:INFORM Risk Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
Demographics
- Population change2026
- +2.86% per year+2,017,915 people/yearWorld Rank12thof 237
- Birth rate
- 33.9 per 1,000 population
- Death rate
- 5.6 per 1,000 population
- Net migration rate
- −0.3 per 1,000 population
- 2026
- 17.6 yearsWorld Rank224thof 237
- Age structure2026
- 0-14 years42.1%15-64 years54.8%65 years +3.0%
- Share aged 65 and over
- 3.0%
- Share aged under 18
- 48.7%
- Total dependency ratio
- 82
- Youth dependency ratio
- 77
- Elderly dependency ratio
- 6
- Sex ratio
- 0.98 male / female
MaleAgeFemalePopulation by age group, % of total population Age Male Female 80+ 0.2% 0.3% 70-79 0.6% 0.9% 60-69 1.1% 1.5% 50-59 2.5% 2.6% 40-49 4.0% 4.3% 30-39 6.0% 6.1% 20-29 8.6% 8.6% 10-19 11.6% 11.4% 0-9 15.1% 14.8% - 2026
- 2.21 above the replacement level for Tanzania ()4.41 births per womanreplacement 2.2012345World Rank13thof 237
- 2.04 daughters per woman1.04 above replacement, long-run each generation larger than the lastreplacement 1.000.511.522.5
- 2026
- +28.3 per 1,000 populationfor every 1,000 people, 28.3 more births than deaths a year
- 2026
- −0.3 per 1,000 population
- Urbanization2026
- 37.6% live in cities27,299,307 urban residents
- Largest cities2022
- Dar es Salaam, Mwanza, Dodoma, ZanzibarRankCity or Urban LocalityPopulation (2022 census)1Dar es Salaam5,383,7282Mwanza1,104,5213Dodoma765,1794Zanzibar709,8095Arusha617,6316Mbeya541,6037Morogoro471,4098Kahama453,6549Tanga393,42910Geita318,006Source:
- National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania (2022 census), via City Population by Thomas Brinkhoff ↗
- Population distribution
- The largest and most populous East African country; population distribution is extremely uneven, but greater population clusters occur in the northern half of country and along the east coast.
- Ethnic groups
- Covers the mainland only.African99.0%Other1.0%
95% of the mainland African population are Bantu, from more than 130 tribes.Other consists of Asian, European, and Arab.Zanzibar is Arab, African, and mixed Arab and African.
Source:- The World Factbook: Tanzania - CIA
- Religions2020
- Zanzibar is almost entirely Muslim.Christian63.1%Muslim34.1%Folk religion1.1%Buddhist<1%Hindu<1%Jewish<1%Other<1%Unspecified1.6%
- Languages
- Swahili (Kiswahili), English
- Population, Population change, Median age, Age structure, Total fertility rate, Net reproduction rate, Natural change, Net migration rate:UN World Population Prospects ↗
- Urbanization:UN World Urbanization Prospects ↗
- Largest cities:National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania (2022 census), via City Population by Thomas Brinkhoff ↗
- Population distribution, Ethnic groups, Religions:The World Factbook: Tanzania - CIA
Government & Administration
- Form of state
- RepublicThe President of the United Republic, also Head of Government and Commander-in-Chief, is elected by the citizens and needs a majority of votes; the Constitution calls Tanzania "one State and ... a sovereign United Republic" (Arts. 1, 33, 38, 41).Sources:
- System of government
- PresidentialThe President appoints a Prime Minister from the majority party, subject to National Assembly confirmation; ministers are collectively responsible in the Assembly, which may remove the Prime Minister but not the President by no-confidence vote (Arts. 51, 53, 53A).
- Territorial organisation
- Unitary
- Official websites
- Government (in Swahili)
- President (in Swahili)
- Parliament (in Swahili)
- Capital
- Dodoma765,179 people(2022)
- National holidays
- 17 days in 2026
- ThuJan 1New Year's Day
- MonJan 12Zanzibar Revolution Day
- SatMar 21Eid al-Fitr (estimated)
- SunMar 22Eid al-Fitr (estimated)
- FriApr 3Good Friday
- MonApr 6Easter Monday
- TueApr 7The Sheikh Abeid Amani Karume Day
- SunApr 26Union Celebrations
- FriMay 1International Workers' Day
- ThuMay 28Eid al-Adha (estimated)
- TueJul 7International Trade Fair
- SatAug 8Peasants' Day
- WedAug 26Prophet's Birthday (estimated)
- WedOct 14The Mwalimu Nyerere Day and Climax of the Uhuru Torch Race
- WedDec 9Independence and Republic Day
- FriDec 25Christmas Day
- SatDec 26Boxing Day
Nationwide public holidays only, excluding regional, bank and government-only days.
- Time
- EATEast Africa TimeUTC+3
- Currency
- Tanzanian Shilling (TZS)
- Entry requirements
- Official visa and entry information
- Calling code
- +255
- Internet TLD
- .tz
- ISO 3166-1 codes
- TZ, TZA
- Infrastructure
- Passengers carried
- 1,911,063 by the country's airlines(2023)
- Aircraft departures
- 81,604 by the country's airlines(2023)
- Air freight
- 20 million tonne-km(2023)
- Aircraft registration prefix
- 5H
Sources:- The World Factbook: Tanzania - CIA
- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Flag carrier
- Air TanzaniaState-owned
- Passenger rail
- Tanzania Railways Corporation (TRC)
- 2025
- 40 / 100World Rank84thof 182
Significant improverUp 10 points since 2015, when it scored 30.
Confidence intervalCorruption index score by year Year Score Lower bound Upper bound 2012 35 31 38 2013 33 29 37 2014 31 26 36 2015 30 24 36 2016 32 29 35 2017 36 33 39 2018 36 33 39 2019 37 33.9 40.1 2020 38 36.7 39.3 2021 39 36.7 41.3 2022 38 36.4 39.6 2023 40 36.4 43.6 2024 41 37.5 44.5 2025 40 37 43 Source:- Corruption Perceptions Index 2025 ↗ - Transparency International, CC BY 4.0
- Form of state, System of government, Territorial organisation:Katiba ya Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania ya mwaka 1977, Sura ya 2 ↗ - Office of the Attorney General of Tanzania
- Form of state, System of government, Territorial organisation:The Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania of 1977, Chapter 2 of the Laws, Revised Edition 2005, official English version ↗ - Office of the Attorney General of Tanzania
- National holidays:Open World Holidays Framework (vacanza/holidays) ↗
- Infrastructure:The World Factbook: Tanzania - CIA
- Infrastructure:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Corruption Perceptions Index:Corruption Perceptions Index 2025 ↗ - Transparency International, CC BY 4.0
Economy
- Lower middle income
- GDP growth (real)2026
- +6% per yearWorld Rank20thof 195
- GDP per capita (PPP)2026
- GDP per capita (nominal)
- $1,325 (175th in the world)
Source:- 2023
- Services28.7% of GDPIndustry28% of GDPAgriculture23.7% of GDPManufacturing8.4%part of industry
- Households
- +50.5%
- Government
- +9.8%
- Investment
- +40.7%
- Exports
- +19%
- Imports
- −20%
The shape of the economyGDP by end useSource:- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Inflation2026
- 4%up 0.6 percentage points0.6pp from 2025
- Labor force2024
- 33 million (48% of population)World Rank21stof 187
- Labor force participation2024
- 83.7% of people aged 15+
- Unemployment2024
- 1.6%
- Youth unemployment2024
- 2.3% ages 15 to 24
- Labor productivity2024
- $3.8 per hour worked at PPP
- Budget balance2026
- 2.6% of GDP deficit
- Current account
- 2.7% of GDP, $2.6 billion deficit
Source: - Debt2024
- Government debt48.2% of GDPInterest on debt2.3% of GDP
- Trade2024
- Goods$9.1 billion57.1%
- Services$6.8 billion42.9%
- Total exports
- $16 billion
- Change from 2023
- up 14.7 percent on the previous year14.7%
Sources:- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- The World Factbook: Tanzania - CIA
- 2024
- −0.91World Rank113thof 145
- Projected GDP growth
- +4.4% a year over the next 10 years
Source:- Atlas of Economic Complexity ↗ - Harvard Growth Lab
- Agricultural products2024
- Beans (dry), Cassava (fresh), Sweet potatoes, and 7 more
- 1Beans (dry)10.4×
- 2Cassava (fresh)6.6×
- 3Sweet potatoes5.2×
- 4Bananas5×
- 5Sunflower seed4.9×
- 6Groundnuts (in shell)2.8×
- 7Plantains and cooking bananas2.8×
- 8Sorghum2.7×
- 9Meat of cattle with the bone (fresh or chilled)2×
- 10Maize (corn)1.8×
ProductSource:- FAOSTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Industries
- agricultural processing (sugar, beer, cigarettes, sisal twine)
- mining (diamonds, gold, and iron), salt, soda ash
- cement, oil refining, shoes, apparel, wood products, fertilizer
- Income level, GDP by sector, Trade:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- GDP (nominal), GDP growth (real), GDP per capita (PPP), Inflation, Budget balance:IMF World Economic Outlook ↗
- Labor force, Labor force participation, Unemployment, Youth unemployment, Labor productivity:ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
- Debt:IMF Global Debt Database ↗
- Debt:IMF Public Finances in Modern History ↗
- Trade, Industries:The World Factbook: Tanzania - CIA
- Economic Complexity Index:Atlas of Economic Complexity ↗ - Harvard Growth Lab
- Agricultural products:FAOSTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
Cost of Living
- Cost of living index
- Loading
- Monthly costs (excluding rent)
- Loading
- Rent
- Loading
- Buying an apartment
- Loading
- Average gross salary2024
- TZS 549,783 per month$212 (USD), $836 (PPP)
- Median
- TZS 300,000 per month($115)
- Men
- TZS 577,518 per month($222)
- Women
- TZS 499,174 per month($192)
Source:- ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
- 2024
- TZS 150,000 per month, gross$58 (USD), $228 (PPP)
- Share of the average gross salary
- 27%
Source:- ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
- Average gross salary, Minimum wage:ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
Society
- 2023
- 0.555MediumWorld Rank165thof 193TanzaniaWorld
Human Development Index by year Year Tanzania World 1990 0.381 0.608 1991 0.382 0.611 1992 0.381 0.614 1993 0.382 0.617 1994 0.380 0.620 1995 0.380 0.625 1996 0.383 0.631 1997 0.388 0.636 1998 0.396 0.641 1999 0.404 0.646 2000 0.414 0.651 2001 0.422 0.657 2002 0.433 0.662 2003 0.444 0.669 2004 0.455 0.675 2005 0.465 0.681 2006 0.477 0.688 2007 0.486 0.694 2008 0.495 0.698 2009 0.504 0.701 2010 0.513 0.707 2011 0.516 0.713 2012 0.519 0.717 2013 0.521 0.721 2014 0.521 0.726 2015 0.520 0.731 2016 0.520 0.735 2017 0.528 0.739 2018 0.537 0.741 2019 0.546 0.745 2020 0.554 0.742 2021 0.548 0.742 2022 0.554 0.752 2023 0.555 0.756 Source:- Human Development Report ↗ - United Nations Development Programme
- 2018
- 40.5
- Mean years of schooling2023
- 6.1 years
- Expected for a child today
- 8.6 years
Source:- Human Development Report ↗ - United Nations Development Programme
- Literacy2022
- 78.2% of adults
- Education expenditure2024
- 3.2% of GDP
- Share of government spending
- 13.4%
Source:- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Internet users2024
- 31.2% of the population
- Households with Internet access
- 48.1%
Source:- ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Mobile subscriptions2024
- 86.8 million
- Fixed telephone lines
- 78,299
- Fixed broadband
- 0.2 subscriptions per 100 people
Counts subscriptions, not people.
Source:- ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Credit-card ownership2024
- 1% of adults
- Debit-card ownership
- 14%
- Account at a bank or mobile-money provider
- 60%
- Mobile-money account
- 53%
- Made or received a digital payment
- 57%
Source:- Global Findex Database ↗ - World Bank
- Refugees hosted2025
- 176,229 people
- Asylum seekers
- 43,132
- Internally displaced persons
- 6,300All due to disasters
- Refugees from Tanzania abroad
- 1,355
Sources:- Refugee Data Finder ↗ - UN Refugee Agency
- Global Internal Displacement Database ↗ - Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre
- Inbound tourists2022
- Official tourism site1.5 million arrivalsup 1% against 20191% above 2019World Rank77thof 139
- Per resident
- 2.2 arrivals per 100 residents
- Same-day visitors
- 104,300 arrivals(2021, latest available)
- $3.4 billion(2023)
- Domestic trips
- 12.3 million overnight trips by residents(2021, latest available)
- Residents' trips abroad
- 121,000 overnight trips(2021, latest available)
- $448.8 million(2023)
Overnight arrivals by year2010 to 2022A tourist stays at least one night. Arrivals count trips, not people.
Source:- UN Tourism Data Dashboard ↗ - UN Tourism
- UNESCO World Heritage Sites
- 7 sites3 cultural3 natural1 mixed
Site Type Ngorongoro Conservation Area Mixed Ruins of Kilwa Kisiwani and Songo Mnara Cultural Serengeti National Park Natural Selous Game Reserve Natural Kilimanjaro National Park Natural Stone Town of Zanzibar Cultural Kondoa Rock-Art Sites Cultural Source:- The World Factbook: Tanzania - CIA
- Human Development Index, Mean years of schooling:Human Development Report ↗ - United Nations Development Programme
- Income inequality (Gini), Education expenditure:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Literacy:UIS Data Browser ↗ - UNESCO Institute for Statistics
- Internet users, Mobile subscriptions:ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Credit-card ownership:Global Findex Database ↗ - World Bank
- Refugees hosted:Refugee Data Finder ↗ - UN Refugee Agency
- Refugees hosted:Global Internal Displacement Database ↗ - Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre
- Inbound tourists:UN Tourism Data Dashboard ↗ - UN Tourism
- UNESCO World Heritage Sites:The World Factbook: Tanzania - CIA
Crime & Safety
- Travel advisory (US)
- Loading
- Active humanitarian crisisAug 2026
- Medium5.5 out of 10Drought and drier conditions, Floods, International displacement
Crisis Since Sep 2024 Severity Country overallAll crises below combined 5.5Medium Drought and floods in TanzaniaDrought and drier conditions, Floods 5.1Medium International Displacement to TanzaniaInternational displacement 4.7Medium Data reliability as rated by INFORM: High. Last updated Aug 27, 2026.
Source:- INFORM Severity Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
- Homicide rate2024
- Medium by global standards3.3 per 100,000 peopleWorld Rank44thof 115
- Crime rates
- 7 offence categories
Offence Per 100,000 Count Year Homicide (victims) 3.3 2,263 2024 Serious assault 4.5 2,361 2015 Sexual violence 0.1 52 2015 Kidnapping 0.0 0 2015 Burglary 26.1 13,558 2015 Theft 0.3 179 2015 Vehicle theft 11.2 5,805 2015 A low figure can also mean weak recording.
Source:- UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
- Prison population2022
- 50.5 per 100,000 people
- Persons held
- 32,671
Source:- UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
- Active humanitarian crisis:INFORM Severity Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
- Homicide rate, Crime rates, Prison population:UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
Health
- Life expectancy2026
- 67.6 years
- Health expenditure2023
- 3.1% of GDP$36 per person
- Physicians2022
- 0.13 per 1,000 population
- Hospital beds2022
- 0.8 per 1,000 population
- Infant mortality2026
- 26.9 per 1,000 live births
- Maternal mortality2023
- 276 per 100,000 live births
- Alcohol consumption2022
- 5.6 litres of pure alcohol per adult per year
- Tobacco use2022
- 8.6% of adults
- Men
- 14.6%
- Women
- 2.6%
Source:- Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Alcohol and Tobacco Spending2023
- 1.3% of household spendingWorld Rank86thof 105
- World median
- 3.1%
Source:- The World Factbook: Tanzania - CIA
- Road traffic deaths2019
- 31.1 per 100,000 population
- Life expectancy, Infant mortality:UN World Population Prospects ↗
- Health expenditure, Physicians, Hospital beds, Road traffic deaths:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Maternal mortality:Maternal mortality estimates ↗ - UN Maternal Mortality Estimation Inter-agency Group
- Alcohol consumption, Tobacco use:Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Alcohol and Tobacco Spending:The World Factbook: Tanzania - CIA
Environment
- CO₂ emissions2024
- 21.3 Mt per yeardown 1.1 percent on the previous year1.1% from 2023
- CO₂ per capita
- 0.3 t per personWorld Rank185thof 207
- Share of global CO₂
- 0.05%
- Methane (CH₄)
- 59.7 Mt CO₂-eq
- Nitrous oxide (N₂O)
- 21.5 Mt CO₂-eq
- All greenhouse gases
- 102.5 Mt CO₂-eq
Source:- Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ↗ - European Commission, Joint Research Centre
- 2024
- 22.4 µg/m³ of PM2.51.7 years of life expectancy lost against the WHO guidelineMost polluted48thof 236
- WHO guideline
- 5 µg/m³
Source:- Air Quality Life Index ↗ - Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago
- Environmental issues
- water pollution
- improper management of liquid waste
- indoor air pollution from burning wood or charcoal for cooking and heating
- soil degradation
- deforestation
- desertification
- coral reef destruction
- illegal hunting and animal trade, especially ivory
- loss of biodiversity
- solid waste disposal
Source:- The World Factbook: Tanzania - CIA
- International agreements
- 19 of 20 landmark treaties in forceParty to 85 multilateral environmental agreements
Treaty Standing Joined Climate Paris Agreement in force 2018 UN Framework Convention on Climate Change in force 1997 Kyoto Protocol in force 2005 Ozone layer Montreal Protocol in force 1993 Vienna Convention (Ozone Layer) in force 1993 Biodiversity Convention on Biological Diversity in force 1996 CITES in force 1980 Convention on Migratory Species (Bonn) in force 1999 Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety in force 2003 Nagoya Protocol in force 2018 Land and heritage Ramsar Convention on Wetlands in force 2000 World Heritage Convention in force 1977 UN Convention to Combat Desertification in force 1997 Chemicals and waste Basel Convention in force 1993 Rotterdam Convention (PIC) in force 2004 Stockholm Convention (POPs) in force 2004 Minamata Convention on Mercury in force 2021 Oceans UN Convention on the Law of the Sea in force 1994 High Seas Treaty (BBNJ) signed 2023, not ratified MARPOL 73/78 in force 2008 Source:- International Environmental Agreements Database ↗ - Université Laval
- CO₂ emissions:Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ↗ - European Commission, Joint Research Centre
- Air pollution:Air Quality Life Index ↗ - Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago
- Environmental issues:The World Factbook: Tanzania - CIA
- International agreements:International Environmental Agreements Database ↗ - Université Laval
Food & Water
- No access to safe drinking water2022
- 44.4% of the population
- Renewable water2022
- 96 billion m³ per year
- Per person
- 1,488 m³ per year
- Dependency ratio
- 13% originates outside the country
- Annual water withdrawal
- 5.2 billion m³ per year
- Withdrawn for agriculture
- 89%
- Water stress
- 13% of available freshwater withdrawn
Source:- AQUASTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Undernourishment2022
- 23.9% of the population15.2 million people
- Obesity2024
- 11.5% of adults
- Men
- 6.4%
- Women
- 16.2%
Source:- Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Underweight children2022
- 11.4% of children under five
- No access to safe drinking water, Renewable water:AQUASTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Undernourishment:Food security indicators (FAOSTAT) ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Obesity:Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Underweight children:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
Energy
- Energy consumption2024
- Per capita
- 4.16 GJ per person
- Share of world total
- 0.04%
- Supply
- Deficitproduces 48% of what it consumes, 2024
Source:- International Energy Statistics ↗ - U.S. Energy Information Administration
- Electricity2024
- Imports only, 0.2 TWh imported, nothing exported in 20248.8 TWh generated per year
- Generation
- 8.8 TWh per year
- Consumption
- 7.6 TWh per year
- Imports
- 0.2 TWh per year
Source:- International Energy Statistics ↗ - U.S. Energy Information Administration
- Oil, gas & coal
- Production endedlast produced in 2009Consumption202483,536 b/d
Oil imports and exports count crude oil only.
- Mineral resources2025
- Rare earths
Mineral Mine production Reserves Rare earthsas rare-earth oxide No mine production 890,000 t USGS estimates. Shows only minerals where the country is a major producer.
Source:- Mineral Commodity Summaries ↗ - U.S. Geological Survey
- Energy consumption, Electricity, Oil, gas & coal:International Energy Statistics ↗ - U.S. Energy Information Administration
- Oil, gas & coal:Worldwide Oil and Gas Survey ↗ - Oil & Gas Journal
- Mineral resources:Mineral Commodity Summaries ↗ - U.S. Geological Survey
Defense
- Military expenditure2024
- 1.2% of GDP$920.8 million, 6.1% of government spending
- Military personnel2025
- approximately 25,000active Defense Forces
- Military service2026
- Voluntaryno conscription; generally men and women 18–25, but may go up to 35 depending on education levels and for medical specialists
- Nuclear weapons2026
- None - no nuclear arsenal
- Military expenditure:SIPRI Military Expenditure Database ↗ - Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
- Military expenditure:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Military personnel, Military service:The World Factbook: Tanzania - CIA
- Nuclear weapons:Status of World Nuclear Forces ↗ - Federation of American Scientists
