Sudan

Official name (in Arabic)

جمهورية السودان

Official name (in Arabic, Romanized)

Jumhūriyyat as-Sūdān

Name etymology

the name derives from the Arabic balad-as-sudan, meaning "Land of the Black [peoples]"

DesignMeaningHistory

It consists of 4 colours (red, white and black in parallel horizontal stripes, and green in the form of a triangle at which the colours meet on the left of the flag).

Unofficial translation by Worldometer

EnglishArabic

Title (in Arabic)

نحن جند لله جند الوطن

Title (in Arabic, Romanized)

Nahnu Djundulla Djundulwatan

Title (in English, translated)

We Are the Army of God and of Our Land

Lyrics

ArabicRomanizedEnglish

نحن جنــــد الله جنــــد الوطــــن إن دعـــــا داعي الفـــداء لم نخــن نتحــدى المـــوت عنـــد المحـــن نشترى المجــد بأغلى ثمــــــــــــن هــذه الأرض لــنا فليعش ســــــوداننا عـــلماً بين الأمـــم يابني الســــودان هـــــــذا رمزكم يحمل العبء ويحمى أرضـــــكم

Land area

1,731,671 km²

Water area

129,813 km²

South Sudan

2,158 km

Chad

1,403 km

Egypt

1,276 km

Ethiopia

744 km

Eritrea

682 km

Libya

382 km

Central African Republic

174 km

Sudan-South Sudan boundary represents 1 January 1956 alignment; final alignment pending negotiations and demarcation; final sovereignty status of Abyei region pending negotiations between Sudan and South Sudan

Avg. temperature

27.2 °C

Avg. daily range

20.9 to 33.8 °C

Annual precipitation

208 mm

Temperature °CMeanDaily range

°C°F

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Precipitation mm

Monthly climate normals

Month	Avg. high, °C	Mean, °C	Avg. low, °C	Precipitation, mm
January	27.3	20.1	13.6	1
February	29.9	22.5	15.6	0
March	33.4	26	18.7	1
April	36.9	29.6	22.2	3
May	38.3	31.6	24.8	14
June	38	31.7	25.3	23
July	36.2	30.4	24.9	52
August	35.3	29.9	24.8	64
September	35.9	30	24.3	34
October	35	28.6	22.7	15
November	31.5	24.7	18.4	1
December	28.2	21.1	14.8	1

Country-wide averages over 1991–2020.

Arable land

20,995,000 hectares (11.2%)

Permanent crops

216,000 hectares (0.1%)

Permanent meadows & pastures

91,454,000 hectares (49.0%)

Forest

22,328,680 hectares (12.0%)

Other land

51,806,320 hectares (27.7%)

Birth rate

31.8 per 1,000 population

Death rate

6.2 per 1,000 population

Net migration rate

+4.7 per 1,000 population

MaleAgeFemale

80+70-7960-6950-5940-4930-3920-2910-190-9

% of total population

Population by age group, % of total population

Age	Male	Female
80+	0.2%	0.2%
70-79	0.8%	0.8%
60-69	1.7%	1.9%
50-59	2.5%	3.0%
40-49	3.8%	4.4%
30-39	6.2%	6.5%
20-29	8.8%	8.8%
10-19	11.3%	11.0%
0-9	14.3%	13.9%

Share aged 65 and over

3.5%

Share aged under 18

46.4%

Total dependency ratio

76

Youth dependency ratio

70

Elderly dependency ratio

6

Sex ratio

0.98 male / female

The Constitutional Document for the Transitional Period calls Sudan "an independent, sovereign, democratic, parliamentary, pluralistic, decentralised State"; the head of State is a nine-member Sovereignty Council chaired by the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces (Arts. 4(1), 11).

Under the Constitutional Document as amended in 2025, the armed forces nominate six of nine Sovereignty Council members; the Council appoints the Prime Minister, and ministers answer to the two councils (Arts. 10, 12, 15).

1. ThuJan 1Independence Day
2. WedJan 7Coptic Christmas Day
3. FriMar 20Eid al-Fitr (estimated)
4. SatMar 21Eid al-Fitr (estimated)
5. SunMar 22Eid al-Fitr (estimated)
6. MonMar 23Eid al-Fitr (estimated)
7. SunApr 12Coptic Easter
8. TueMay 26Eid al-Adha (estimated)
9. WedMay 27Eid al-Adha (estimated)
10. ThuMay 28Eid al-Adha (estimated)
11. FriMay 29Eid al-Adha (estimated)
12. SatMay 30Eid al-Adha (estimated)
13. TueJun 16Islamic New Year (estimated)
14. TueAug 25Prophet's Birthday (estimated)
15. FriDec 25Christmas Day

Nationwide public holidays only, excluding regional, bank and government-only days.

World average 42

highly corruptvery clean

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Confidence interval

Corruption index score by year

Year	Score	Lower bound	Upper bound
2012	13	8	17
2013	11	5	17
2014	11	5	17
2015	12	6	18
2016	14	9	19
2017	16	12	20
2018	16	12	20
2019	16	11.5	20.5
2020	16	12.5	19.5
2021	20	16	24
2022	22	16.3	27.7
2023	20	14.9	25.1
2024	15	11.9	18.1
2025	14	10.8	17.2

GDP per capita (nominal)

$597 (192nd in the world)

Current account

14.6% of GDP, $4.5 billion deficit

Projected GDP growth

+3.2% a year over the next 10 years

By specializationBy volume

ProductSpecialization index

1. 1Sesame seed37.8×
2. 2Sorghum33.8×
3. 3Raw milk of goats22.6×
4. 4Dates18×
5. 5Raw milk of sheep16.9×
6. 6Pomelos and grapefruits12.7×
7. 7Groundnuts (in shell)11.8×
8. 8Millet10.4×
9. 9Okra9.2×
10. 10Lemons and limes7.2×

Median

SDG 80,278 per month($147)

Men

SDG 170,748 per month($312)

Women

SDG 68,496 per month($125)

Share of the average gross salary

0%

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SudanWorld

Human Development Index by year

Year	Sudan	World
2008	0.456	0.698
2009	0.469	0.701
2010	0.479	0.707
2011	0.476	0.713
2012	0.482	0.717
2013	0.488	0.721
2014	0.496	0.726
2015	0.498	0.731
2016	0.502	0.735
2017	0.506	0.739
2018	0.515	0.741
2019	0.517	0.745
2020	0.513	0.742
2021	0.512	0.742
2022	0.516	0.752
2023	0.511	0.756

Expected for a child today

8.6 years

Fixed telephone lines

129,408

Fixed broadband

0.1 subscriptions per 100 people

Counts subscriptions, not people.

Debit-card ownership

10%

Account at a bank or mobile-money provider

15%

Made or received a digital payment

12%

Asylum seekers

48,998

Internally displaced persons

9,117,000All due to conflicts

Refugees from Sudan abroad

2,466,231

Overnight arrivals by year2010 to 2018

Per resident

1.9 arrivals per 100 residents

Visitor spending in the country

$1.1 billion(2022)

Residents' spending abroad

$21.6 million(2022)

Hotel beds

18,478(2016, latest available)

A tourist stays at least one night. Arrivals count trips, not people.

Site	Type
Gebel Barkal and the Sites of the Napatan Region	Cultural
Archaeological Sites of the Island of Meroe	Cultural
Sanganeb Marine National Park and Dungonab Bay – Mukkawar Island Marine National Park	Natural

Data reliability as rated by INFORM: High. Last updated Aug 31, 2026.

Persons held

21,000

CO₂ per capita

0.3 t per person

World Rank181stof 207

Share of global CO₂

0.06%

Methane (CH₄)

84.9 Mt CO₂-eq

Nitrous oxide (N₂O)

29.9 Mt CO₂-eq

Fluorinated gases

2.1 Mt CO₂-eq

All greenhouse gases

138.7 Mt CO₂-eq

WHO guideline

5 µg/m³

National standard

10 µg/m³

Life expectancy gain if the national standard were met

0.7 years

Treaty	Standing	Joined
Climate
Paris Agreement	in force	2017
UN Framework Convention on Climate Change	in force	1994
Kyoto Protocol	in force	2005
Ozone layer
Montreal Protocol	in force	1993
Vienna Convention (Ozone Layer)	in force	1993
Biodiversity
Convention on Biological Diversity	in force	1996
CITES	in force	1983
Convention on Migratory Species (Bonn)	not a party
Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety	in force	2005
Nagoya Protocol	in force	2014
Land and heritage
Ramsar Convention on Wetlands	in force	2005
World Heritage Convention	in force	1975
UN Convention to Combat Desertification	in force	1996
Chemicals and waste
Basel Convention	in force	2006
Rotterdam Convention (PIC)	in force	2005
Stockholm Convention (POPs)	in force	2006
Minamata Convention on Mercury	signed 2014, not ratified
Oceans
UN Convention on the Law of the Sea	in force	1994
High Seas Treaty (BBNJ)	not a party
MARPOL 73/78	not a party

Per person

765 m³ per year

Dependency ratio

96% originates outside the country

Annual water withdrawal

27 billion m³ per year

Withdrawn for agriculture

96%

Water stress

119% of available freshwater withdrawn

Men

12.1%

Women

23%

Per capita

4.61 GJ per person

Share of world total

0.04%

Supply

Deficitproduces 50% of what it consumes, 2024

OverviewBy source

Generation

15 TWh per year

Consumption

12 TWh per year

Imports

0.8 TWh per year

Official implementation of compulsory service is reportedly uneven; both the SAF and the RSF have been accused of engaging in forced recruitment of men and boys during the ongoing conflict.