National Identity
- Official name
- Republic of Mozambique
- Official name (in Portuguese)
- República de Moçambique
- Name etymology
named for an offshore island; the island was named after Mussa bin BIQUE (or Mussa Ibn MALIK), an influential Arab slave trader who set himself up as sultan on the island in the 15th century
Sources:- Constitution of the Republic of Mozambique ↗ - Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development
- The World Factbook: Mozambique - CIA
- National emblem
- National flag
-
red – the centuries-old resistance to colonialism, the armed struggle for national liberation and the defence of sovereignty.
-
green – the riches of the soil.
-
black – the African continent.
-
golden yellow – the riches of the subsoil.
-
white – the justness of the struggle of the Mozambican people and peace. [...] The star symbolises the spirit of international solidarity of the Mozambican people.
Translated from the Assembly of the Republic of Mozambique The national flag has five colours: red, green, black, golden yellow and white. [...] From top to bottom, the green, the black and the golden yellow are arranged horizontally, alternating with white stripes. On the left side, the red occupies the triangle, in the centre of which there is a star, with a book upon it, on which a weapon and a hoe, crossed, are superimposed.
Unofficial translation by WorldometerTranslated from the Assembly of the Republic of Mozambique The colours represent:
The book, the hoe and the weapon symbolise study, production and defence.
Unofficial translation by WorldometerTranslated from the Supreme Court of the Republic of Mozambique ARTICLE 68
The National Flag has five colours, four of which are separated by white stripes and arranged diagonally, starting from the upper left corner. The colours, in order, from top to bottom, represent:
Green — the riches of the soil of Mozambique;
Red — the centuries-old resistance to colonialism, the armed struggle for national liberation and the revolution;
Black — the African Continent;
Yellow — the riches of the subsoil.
The white colour expresses the justness of the struggle of the Mozambican people and the peace that this struggle aims to establish.
In the upper left quadrant is placed an emblem, consisting of a cogwheel (symbol of the working class and of industrial production) encircling a book (symbol of education), on which a weapon and a hoe, crossed, are superimposed, symbolising defence and vigilance and the peasant class and agricultural production.
To the right, inside the wheel, appears a red star, symbolising the internationalist spirit of the Mozambican People.
Unofficial translation by WorldometerSources:- parlamento.mz ↗ - the Assembly of the Republic of Mozambique
- ts.gov.mz ↗ - the Supreme Court of the Republic of Mozambique
-
- National anthem
- Pátria Amada1:01
- Title (in Portuguese)
- Pátria Amada
- Title (in English, translated)
- Lovely Fatherland
- Lyrics
1Na memória de África e do Mundo, Pátria bela dos que ousaram lutar! Moçambique, o teu nome é liberdade, O Sol de Junho para sempre brilhará!
ChorusMoçambique, nossa terra gloriosa! Pedra a pedra construindo o novo dia! Milhões de braços: uma só força, Ó Pátria amada, vamos vencer!
Moçambique, nossa terra gloriosa! Pedra a pedra construindo o novo dia! Milhões de braços: uma só força, Ó Pátria amada, vamos vencer!
2Povo unido do Rovuma ao Maputo Colhe os frutos do combate pela Paz! Cresce o sonho ondulando na Bandeira E vai lavrando na certeza do amanhã!
Moçambique, nossa terra gloriosa!3Flores brotando do chão do teu suor, Pelos montes, pelos rios, pelo mar! Nós juramos por ti, ó Moçambique, Nenhum tirano nos irá escravizar!
Moçambique, nossa terra gloriosa!Source: - Citizens
- Mozambicans
- Official name:Constitution of the Republic of Mozambique ↗ - Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development
- Official name, Citizens:The World Factbook: Mozambique - CIA
- National flag:parlamento.mz ↗ - the Assembly of the Republic of Mozambique
- National flag:ts.gov.mz ↗ - the Supreme Court of the Republic of Mozambique
- National anthem:nationalanthems.info ↗
Geography
- Location
- Southeastern Africa, bordering the Mozambique Channel, between South Africa and Tanzania
- Total area
- 799,380 km²
- Land area
- 786,380 km²
- Water area
- 13,000 km²
- Land borders
- 4,783 km(6 countries)
- Coastline
- 2,470 km
- Terrain
Mostly coastal lowlands, uplands in center, high plateaus in northwest, mountains in west - Mean elevation
- 345 m
- Highest point
- 2,436 mMonte Binga
- Lowest point
- 0 mIndian Ocean
- Climate
Tropical to subtropical - Avg. temperature
- 23.9 °C
- Avg. daily range
- 19.5 to 29.2 °C
- Annual precipitation
- 888 mm
Temperature °CMeanDaily rangePrecipitation mmMonthly climate normals Month Avg. high, °C Mean, °C Avg. low, °C Precipitation, mm January 30.1 25.7 22.3 225 February 30 25.6 22.2 172 March 29.7 25.2 21.7 128 April 28.8 24 20 49 May 27.7 22.3 17.6 15 June 26 20.5 15.8 11 July 25.5 20 15.2 11 August 27.4 21.6 16.3 8 September 30 23.9 18.3 11 October 31.5 25.6 20.2 22 November 32.2 26.7 21.8 66 December 31 26.2 22.2 169 Country-wide averages over 1991–2020.
Sources:- The World Factbook: Mozambique - CIA
- Climate Change Knowledge Portal (ERA5 reanalysis) ↗ - World Bank
- Weather
- Loading
- Land use2023
- Arable7.2%Perm. crops0.5%Pasture45.1%Forest41.7%Other5.5%
- Arable land
- 5,650,000 hectares (7.2%)
- Permanent crops
- 398,500 hectares (0.5%)
- Permanent meadows & pastures
- 35,463,832 hectares (45.1%)
- Forest
- 32,776,956 hectares (41.7%)
- Other land
- 4,348,712 hectares (5.5%)
Source: - Major lakes
- Lake Malawi22,490 km²
- Natural hazards2026
- Drought6.7Very high#13/191Epidemics6.7Very high#33/191River floods6.1High#67/191Coastal floods5.6High#48/191Tsunamis3.8Medium#72/191Earthquakes3.4Low#97/191Tropical cyclones2.7Low#43/191
Scores out of 10, ranks out of 191 countries.
Source:- INFORM Risk Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
- Location, Land borders, Coastline, Terrain, Mean elevation, Highest point, Lowest point, Climate, Major rivers, Major lakes:The World Factbook: Mozambique - CIA
- Climate:Climate Change Knowledge Portal (ERA5 reanalysis) ↗ - World Bank
- Land use:FAOSTAT Land Use domain ↗ - FAO
- Natural hazards:INFORM Risk Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
Demographics
- Population change2026
- +2.83% per year+1,008,197 people/yearWorld Rank14thof 237
- Birth rate
- 36.1 per 1,000 population
- Death rate
- 6.7 per 1,000 population
- Net migration rate
- −1.5 per 1,000 population
- 2026
- 16.6 yearsWorld Rank231stof 237
- Age structure2026
- 0-14 years43.9%15-64 years53.4%65 years +2.7%
- Share aged 65 and over
- 2.7%
- Share aged under 18
- 50.8%
- Total dependency ratio
- 87
- Youth dependency ratio
- 82
- Elderly dependency ratio
- 5
- Sex ratio
- 0.95 male / female
MaleAgeFemalePopulation by age group, % of total population Age Male Female 80+ 0.1% 0.2% 70-79 0.4% 0.9% 60-69 0.9% 1.6% 50-59 2.1% 2.5% 40-49 3.4% 4.1% 30-39 5.7% 6.1% 20-29 8.4% 8.6% 10-19 12.0% 12.0% 0-9 15.5% 15.4% - 2026
- 2.34 above the replacement level for Mozambique ()4.54 births per womanreplacement 2.2012345World Rank10thof 237
- 2.06 daughters per woman1.06 above replacement, long-run each generation larger than the lastreplacement 1.000.511.522.5
- 2026
- +29.4 per 1,000 populationfor every 1,000 people, 29.4 more births than deaths a year
- 2026
- −1.5 per 1,000 population
- Urbanization2026
- 38.0% live in cities13,937,075 urban residents
- Largest cities2017latest available
- Maputo, Matola, Nampula, BeiraRankCity or Urban LocalityPopulation (2007 census)1Maputo1,080,2772Matola1,032,1973Nampula663,2124Beira592,0905Chimoio363,3366Tete307,3387Quelimane246,9158Lichinga242,2049Nacala Porto206,449(2007)10Pemba200,529Source:
- National Statistics Institute, Mozambique (2007 census), via City Population by Thomas Brinkhoff ↗
- Population distribution
- Three large population clusters are found along the southern coast between Maputo and Inhambane, in the central area between Beira and Chimoio along the Zambezi River, and in and around the northern cities of Nampula, Cidade de Nacala, and Pemba; the northwest and southwest are the least populated areas.
- Ethnic groups2017
- African99.0%Mestizo0.8%Other0.2%
African includes Makhuwa, Tsonga, Lomwe, Sena, and others.Other includes European, Indian, Pakistani, Chinese.
Source:- The World Factbook: Mozambique - CIA
- Religions2017
- Catholic27.3%Muslim19.1%Pentecostal16.7%Saio/Zione16.3%None13.5%Other4.3%Anglican1.7%Unspecified1.2%
- Languages
- Portuguese (Português)
- Population, Population change, Median age, Age structure, Total fertility rate, Net reproduction rate, Natural change, Net migration rate:UN World Population Prospects ↗
- Urbanization:UN World Urbanization Prospects ↗
- Largest cities:National Statistics Institute, Mozambique (2007 census), via City Population by Thomas Brinkhoff ↗
- Population distribution, Ethnic groups, Religions:The World Factbook: Mozambique - CIA
Government & Administration
- Form of state
- RepublicThe President of the Republic is Head of State, elected by direct universal suffrage for five years; the Constitution calls the state "an independent, sovereign, democratic State of social justice" (Arts. 1, 145).Source:
- System of government
- PresidentialThe President also heads the Government and appoints and dismisses the Prime Minister; the Council of Ministers answers to the President and the Assembly, which has no censure power and may be dissolved if it rejects the Government's Programme (Arts. 145, 159, 187, 206).Source:
- Constituição da República (Moçambique), in Legislação Básica ↗, Arts. 145, 159, 187, 206
- Territorial organisation
- Unitary
- Official websites
- Government
- President (in Portuguese)
- Parliament
- Capital
- Maputo1.1 million people(2024)
- National holidays
- 10 days in 2026
- ThuJan 1International Fraternalism Day
- TueFeb 3Heroes' Day
- TueApr 7Women's Day
- FriMay 1International Workers' Day
- ThuJun 25National Independence Day
- MonSep 7Victory Day
- FriSep 25Armed Forces Day
- SunOct 4Peace and Reconciliation Day
- MonOct 5Peace and Reconciliation Day (observed)
- FriDec 25Family Day
Nationwide public holidays only, excluding regional, bank and government-only days.
- Time
- CATCentral Africa TimeUTC+2
- Currency
- Mozambican Metical (MZN)
- Entry requirements
- Official visa and entry information
- Calling code
- +258
- Internet TLD
- .mz
- ISO 3166-1 codes
- MZ, MOZ
- Infrastructure
- Railways4,787 km
- Passengers carried
- 680,108 by the country's airlines(2023)
- Aircraft departures
- 12,839 by the country's airlines(2023)
- Air freight
- 3 million tonne-km(2023)
- Aircraft registration prefix
- C9
Sources:- The World Factbook: Mozambique - CIA
- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Flag carrier
- LAM Mozambique Airlines (in Portuguese)State-owned
- Passenger rail
- CFM
- 2025
- 21 / 100World Rank161stof 182
Significant declinerDown 10 points since 2015, when it scored 31.
Confidence intervalCorruption index score by year Year Score Lower bound Upper bound 2012 31 29 34 2013 30 27 33 2014 31 28 34 2015 31 28 34 2016 27 23 31 2017 25 20 30 2018 23 19 27 2019 26 21.1 30.9 2020 25 22.4 27.6 2021 26 22.7 29.3 2022 26 22.9 29.1 2023 25 21.9 28.1 2024 25 21.1 28.9 2025 21 18 24 Source:- Corruption Perceptions Index 2025 ↗ - Transparency International, CC BY 4.0
- Form of state, System of government, Territorial organisation:Constituição da República (Moçambique), in Legislação Básica ↗ - General Secretariat of the Assembly of the Republic of Mozambique
- National holidays:Open World Holidays Framework (vacanza/holidays) ↗
- Infrastructure:The World Factbook: Mozambique - CIA
- Infrastructure:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Corruption Perceptions Index:Corruption Perceptions Index 2025 ↗ - Transparency International, CC BY 4.0
Economy
- Low income
- GDP growth (real)2026
- +1% per yearWorld Rank166thof 195
- GDP per capita (PPP)2026
- GDP per capita (nominal)
- $673 (189th in the world)
Source:- 2025
- Services42% of GDPIndustry22.1% of GDPAgriculture25.6% of GDPManufacturing6.2%part of industry
- Households
- +70.9%
- Government
- +19.2%
- Investment
- +24.2%
- Exports
- +41.4%
- Imports
- −55.7%
The shape of the economyGDP by end useSource:- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Inflation2026
- 5.6%up 1.2 percentage points1.2pp from 2025
- Labor force2024
- 15.1 million (44% of population)World Rank41stof 187
- Labor force participation2024
- 78.8% of people aged 15+
- Unemployment2024
- 6.7%
- Youth unemployment2024
- 11.5% ages 15 to 24
- Labor productivity2024
- $2.2 per hour worked at PPP
- Budget balance2026
- 3.3% of GDP deficit
- Current account
- 41% of GDP, $10.2 billion deficit
Source: - Debt2024
- Central government debt96.6% of GDPInterest on debt4.1% of GDP
- Trade2024
- Goods$8.2 billion87.7%
- Services$1.1 billion12.3%
- Total exports
- $9.4 billion
- Change from 2023
- down 0.5 percent on the previous year0.5%
Sources:- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- The World Factbook: Mozambique - CIA
- 2024
- −1.25World Rank127thof 145
- Projected GDP growth
- +4.9% a year over the next 10 years
Source:- Atlas of Economic Complexity ↗ - Harvard Growth Lab
- Agricultural products2024
- Cassava (fresh), Beans (dry), Sweet potatoes, and 7 more
- 1Cassava (fresh)15×
- 2Beans (dry)12.5×
- 3Sweet potatoes3.3×
- 4Tomatoes3.2×
- 5Coconuts (in shell)2.7×
- 6Groundnuts (in shell)2.5×
- 7Bananas1.7×
- 8Onions and shallots (dry)1.5×
- 9Maize (corn)1.1×
- 10Potatoes0.9×
ProductSource:- FAOSTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Gold reserves2024
- 3.9 tonnesWorth $330.2 million, 9% of total official reserves by value
- Industries
- aluminum, petroleum products, chemicals (fertilizer, soap, paints), textiles, cement, glass, asbestos, tobacco, food, beverages
- Income level, GDP by sector, Trade, Gold reserves:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- GDP (nominal), GDP growth (real), GDP per capita (PPP), Inflation, Budget balance:IMF World Economic Outlook ↗
- Labor force, Labor force participation, Unemployment, Youth unemployment, Labor productivity:ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
- Debt:IMF Global Debt Database ↗
- Debt:IMF Public Finances in Modern History ↗
- Trade, Industries:The World Factbook: Mozambique - CIA
- Economic Complexity Index:Atlas of Economic Complexity ↗ - Harvard Growth Lab
- Agricultural products:FAOSTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
Cost of Living
- Cost of living index
- Loading
- Monthly costs (excluding rent)
- Loading
- Rent
- Loading
- Buying an apartment
- Loading
- Average gross salary2022
- MZN 13,571 per month$213 (USD), $563 (PPP)
- Median
- MZN 7,500 per month($117)
- Men
- MZN 14,233 per month($223)
- Women
- MZN 12,136 per month($190)
Source:- ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
- 2024
- MZN 9,498 per month, gross$149 (USD), $379 (PPP)
- Average gross salary, Minimum wage:ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
Society
- 2023
- 0.493LowWorld Rank182ndof 193MozambiqueWorld
Human Development Index by year Year Mozambique World 1990 0.246 0.608 1991 0.250 0.611 1992 0.245 0.614 1993 0.252 0.617 1994 0.255 0.620 1995 0.257 0.625 1996 0.269 0.631 1997 0.281 0.636 1998 0.292 0.641 1999 0.304 0.646 2000 0.311 0.651 2001 0.326 0.657 2002 0.335 0.662 2003 0.350 0.669 2004 0.360 0.675 2005 0.371 0.681 2006 0.379 0.688 2007 0.392 0.694 2008 0.403 0.698 2009 0.411 0.701 2010 0.419 0.707 2011 0.424 0.713 2012 0.431 0.717 2013 0.443 0.721 2014 0.450 0.726 2015 0.457 0.731 2016 0.460 0.735 2017 0.461 0.739 2018 0.469 0.741 2019 0.475 0.745 2020 0.477 0.742 2021 0.478 0.742 2022 0.490 0.752 2023 0.493 0.756 Source:- Human Development Report ↗ - United Nations Development Programme
- 2022
- 49.6
- Mean years of schooling2023
- 4.6 years
- Expected for a child today
- 10.8 years
Source:- Human Development Report ↗ - United Nations Development Programme
- Literacy2022
- 61.7% of adults
- Education expenditure2021
- 6.3% of GDP
- Share of government spending
- 20.4%
Source:- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Internet users2024
- 20.5% of the population
- Households with Internet access
- 11.1%
Source:- ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Mobile subscriptions2024
- 17.1 million
- Fixed telephone lines
- 28,329
- Fixed broadband
- 0.1 subscriptions per 100 people
Counts subscriptions, not people.
Source:- ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Credit-card ownership2024
- 5% of adults
- Debit-card ownership
- 14%
- Account at a bank or mobile-money provider
- 54%
- Mobile-money account
- 46%
- Made or received a digital payment
- 51%
Source:- Global Findex Database ↗ - World Bank
- Refugees hosted2025
- 5,336 people
- Asylum seekers
- 19,220
- Internally displaced persons
- 609,000465,000 due to conflicts, 144,000 due to disasters
- Refugees from Mozambique abroad
- 108
Sources:- Refugee Data Finder ↗ - UN Refugee Agency
- Global Internal Displacement Database ↗ - Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre
- Inbound tourists2021latest available
- 492,000 arrivalsdown 76% against 201976% below 2019
- Per resident
- 1.6 arrivals per 100 residents
- Same-day visitors
- 57,000 arrivals
- $272.8 million(2024)
- Share of GDP
- 4% tourism direct GDP(2023)
- $160 million(2024)
- Hotel beds
- 69,712
- Average hotel stay
- 2.3 nights
Overnight arrivals by year2010 to 2021A tourist stays at least one night. Arrivals count trips, not people.
Source:- UN Tourism Data Dashboard ↗ - UN Tourism
- UNESCO World Heritage Sites
- 1 site1 cultural
Site Island of Mozambique Source:- The World Factbook: Mozambique - CIA
- Human Development Index, Mean years of schooling:Human Development Report ↗ - United Nations Development Programme
- Income inequality (Gini), Education expenditure:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Literacy:UIS Data Browser ↗ - UNESCO Institute for Statistics
- Internet users, Mobile subscriptions:ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Credit-card ownership:Global Findex Database ↗ - World Bank
- Refugees hosted:Refugee Data Finder ↗ - UN Refugee Agency
- Refugees hosted:Global Internal Displacement Database ↗ - Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre
- Inbound tourists:UN Tourism Data Dashboard ↗ - UN Tourism
- UNESCO World Heritage Sites:The World Factbook: Mozambique - CIA
Crime & Safety
- Travel advisory (US)
- Loading
- Active humanitarian crisisAug 2026
- High7.2 out of 10Conflict and violenceSeverity by monthSep 2024 to Aug 2026What the score is made ofImpact of the crisis6.2Conditions of people affected7.7Complexity of the crisis6.9
Data reliability as rated by INFORM: Very high. Last updated Aug 31, 2026.
Source:- INFORM Severity Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
- Homicide rate2011
- 3.6 per 100,000 peopleMedium by global standards
- Crime rates
- 1 offence category
Offence Per 100,000 Count Year Homicide (victims) 3.6 849 2011 A low figure can also mean weak recording.
Source:- UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
- Prison population2023
- 64.9 per 100,000 people
- Persons held
- 21,814
Source:- UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
- Active humanitarian crisis:INFORM Severity Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
- Homicide rate, Crime rates, Prison population:UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
Health
- Life expectancy2026
- 64.1 years
- Health expenditure2023
- 8.5% of GDP$53 per person
- Physicians2022
- 0.18 per 1,000 population
- Hospital beds2021
- 0.7 per 1,000 population
- Infant mortality2026
- 47.0 per 1,000 live births
- Maternal mortality2023
- 82 per 100,000 live births
- Alcohol consumption2022
- 1.9 litres of pure alcohol per adult per year
- Tobacco use2023
- 11% of adults
- Men
- 18.9%
- Women
- 3.1%
Source:- Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Road traffic deaths2019
- 30 per 100,000 population
- Life expectancy, Infant mortality:UN World Population Prospects ↗
- Health expenditure, Physicians, Hospital beds, Road traffic deaths:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Maternal mortality:Maternal mortality estimates ↗ - UN Maternal Mortality Estimation Inter-agency Group
- Alcohol consumption, Tobacco use:Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
Environment
- CO₂ emissions2024
- 10.1 Mt per yeardown 5.7 percent on the previous year5.7% from 2023
- CO₂ per capita
- 0.3 t per personWorld Rank189thof 207
- Share of global CO₂
- 0.03%
- Methane (CH₄)
- 18.7 Mt CO₂-eq
- Nitrous oxide (N₂O)
- 4.32 Mt CO₂-eq
- Fluorinated gases
- 0.45 Mt CO₂-eq
- All greenhouse gases
- 33.6 Mt CO₂-eq
Source:- Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ↗ - European Commission, Joint Research Centre
- 2024
- 14.5 µg/m³ of PM2.50.9 years of life expectancy lost against the WHO guidelineMost polluted96thof 236
- WHO guideline
- 5 µg/m³
Source:- Air Quality Life Index ↗ - Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago
- Environmental issues
- increased population migration to urban and coastal areas
- desertification
- soil erosion
- deforestation
- water pollution from artisanal mining
- pollution of surface and coastal waters
- wildlife preservation (elephant poaching for ivory)
Source:- The World Factbook: Mozambique - CIA
- International agreements
- 19 of 20 landmark treaties in forceParty to 70 multilateral environmental agreements
Treaty Standing Joined Climate Paris Agreement in force 2018 UN Framework Convention on Climate Change in force 1995 Kyoto Protocol in force 2005 Ozone layer Montreal Protocol in force 1994 Vienna Convention (Ozone Layer) in force 1994 Biodiversity Convention on Biological Diversity in force 1995 CITES in force 1981 Convention on Migratory Species (Bonn) in force 2009 Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety in force 2003 Nagoya Protocol in force 2014 Land and heritage Ramsar Convention on Wetlands in force 2004 World Heritage Convention in force 1983 UN Convention to Combat Desertification in force 1997 Chemicals and waste Basel Convention in force 1997 Rotterdam Convention (PIC) in force 2010 Stockholm Convention (POPs) in force 2006 Minamata Convention on Mercury in force 2024 Oceans UN Convention on the Law of the Sea in force 1997 High Seas Treaty (BBNJ) not a party MARPOL 73/78 in force 2006 Source:- International Environmental Agreements Database ↗ - Université Laval
- CO₂ emissions:Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ↗ - European Commission, Joint Research Centre
- Air pollution:Air Quality Life Index ↗ - Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago
- Environmental issues:The World Factbook: Mozambique - CIA
- International agreements:International Environmental Agreements Database ↗ - Université Laval
Food & Water
- No access to safe drinking water2022
- 48.9% of the population
- Renewable water2022
- 217 billion m³ per year
- Per person
- 6,648 m³ per year
- Dependency ratio
- 54% originates outside the country
- Annual water withdrawal
- 1.5 billion m³ per year
- Withdrawn for agriculture
- 73%
- Water stress
- 2% of available freshwater withdrawn
Source:- AQUASTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Undernourishment2022
- 26.3% of the population8.4 million people
- Obesity2024
- 10.6% of adults
- Men
- 5.7%
- Women
- 14.5%
Source:- Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Underweight children2022
- 15.4% of children under five
- No access to safe drinking water, Renewable water:AQUASTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Undernourishment:Food security indicators (FAOSTAT) ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Obesity:Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Underweight children:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
Energy
- Energy consumption2024
- Per capita
- 6.34 GJ per person
- Share of world total
- 0.03%
- Supply
- Surplusproduces 4.5× what it consumes, 2024
Source:- International Energy Statistics ↗ - U.S. Energy Information Administration
- Electricity2024
- Balanced trade, imports 8.1 TWh and exports 11 TWh in 202420 TWh generated per year
- Generation
- 20 TWh per year
- Consumption
- 13 TWh per year
- Imports
- 8.1 TWh per year
- Exports
- 11 TWh per year
- Net
- +3.3 TWh per year
Source:- International Energy Statistics ↗ - U.S. Energy Information Administration
- Oil, gas & coal
- Production endedlast produced in 2016Consumption202442,455 b/d
Oil imports and exports count crude oil only.
- Energy consumption, Electricity, Oil, gas & coal:International Energy Statistics ↗ - U.S. Energy Information Administration
- Oil, gas & coal:Worldwide Oil and Gas Survey ↗ - Oil & Gas Journal
Defense
- Military expenditure2024
- 2% of GDP$450.4 million, 6.1% of government spending
- Military personnel2025
- estimated 12,000active FADM
- Military service2025
- Selective conscriptionages 18–35; voluntary men and women 18+; initial 60-month service obligation; registration for military service is mandatory for all men and women at 18
- Nuclear weapons2026
- None - no nuclear arsenal
- Military expenditure:SIPRI Military Expenditure Database ↗ - Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
- Military expenditure:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Military personnel, Military service:The World Factbook: Mozambique - CIA
- Nuclear weapons:Status of World Nuclear Forces ↗ - Federation of American Scientists
