National Identity
- Official name
- Republic of Botswana
- Official name (in Tswana)
- Lefatshe la Botswana
- Name etymology
the name Botswana means "Land of the Tswana," referring to the country's largest ethnic group
Sources:- Constitution of Botswana ↗ - Parliament of Botswana
- The World Factbook: Botswana - CIA
- Coat of arms
- National flag
As published by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime Five horizontal stripes having colour and width as follows.
that is to say taken from the top —
1st Stripe — azure blue having a width equal to 9/24ths of the total depth of the flag
2nd Stripe — white having a width equal to 1/24th of such depth.
3rd Stripe — black having a width equal to 4/24ths of such depth.
4th Stripe — white having a width equal to 1/24th of such depth.
5th Stripe — azure blue having a width equal to 9/24ths of such depth.
As published in EnglishAs published by the Embassy of Botswana in Switzerland & UN Mission, Geneva The blue represents the sky and water (NB: the national currency is PULA, which means “let there be rain”). The white-black-white colours depict the racial harmony of the people as well as the pluralistic racial composition of the nation.
As published in EnglishSources:- sherloc.unodc.org ↗ - the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
- botswanamission.ch ↗ - the Embassy of Botswana in Switzerland & UN Mission, Geneva
- National anthem
- Fatshe leno la rona0:57
- Title (in Tswana)
- Fatshe leno la rona
- Title (in English, translated)
- Our Land
- Lyrics
1Fatshe leno la rona, Ke mpho ya Modimo, Ke boswa jwa borraetsho; A le nne ka kagiso.
ChorusTsogang, tsogang! banna, tsogang! Emang, basadi, emang, tlhagafalang! Re kopaneleng go direla Lefatshe la rona.
2Ina lentle la tumo La chaba ya Botswana, Ka kutlwano le kagisano, E bopagantswe mmogo.
Tsogang, tsogang! banna, tsogang!Source: - Citizens
- Batswana
- Official name:Constitution of Botswana ↗ - Parliament of Botswana
- Official name, Citizens:The World Factbook: Botswana - CIA
- National flag:sherloc.unodc.org ↗ - the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
- National flag:botswanamission.ch ↗ - the Embassy of Botswana in Switzerland & UN Mission, Geneva
- National anthem:nationalanthems.info ↗
Geography
- Location
- Southern Africa, north of South Africa
- Total area
- 581,730 km²
- Land area
- 566,730 km²
- Water area
- 15,000 km²
- Land borders
- 4,347.15 km(4 countries)
- South Africa
- 1,969 km
- Namibia
- 1,544 km
- Zimbabwe
- 834 km
- Zambia
- 0.15 km
Source:- The World Factbook: Botswana - CIA
- Coastline
- 0 km(Landlocked)
- Terrain
Predominantly flat to gently rolling tableland; Kalahari Desert in southwest - Mean elevation
- 1,013 m
- Highest point
- 1,495 mManyelanong Hill
- Lowest point
- 513 mjunction of the Limpopo and Shashe Rivers
- Climate
Semiarid warm winters and hot summers - Avg. temperature
- 22.1 °C
- Avg. daily range
- 15.4 to 29.2 °C
- Annual precipitation
- 446 mm
Temperature °CMeanDaily rangePrecipitation mmMonthly climate normals Month Avg. high, °C Mean, °C Avg. low, °C Precipitation, mm January 31.6 26 20.8 107 February 31.3 25.6 20.5 88 March 30.6 24.6 19.2 59 April 28.7 21.9 15.7 21 May 26.5 18.4 11.1 5 June 23.6 15.2 7.6 4 July 23.2 14.8 7.1 1 August 26.7 18.2 10.1 1 September 30.8 22.6 14.5 5 October 33 25.8 18.4 17 November 32.7 26.2 19.7 50 December 32.1 26.1 20.5 87 Country-wide averages over 1991–2020.
Sources:- The World Factbook: Botswana - CIA
- Climate Change Knowledge Portal (ERA5 reanalysis) ↗ - World Bank
- Weather
- Loading
- Land use2023
- Arable0.5%Pasture45.2%Forest27.8%Other26.6%
- Arable land
- 260,000 hectares (0.5%)
- Permanent crops
- 2,000 hectares (0.0%)
- Permanent meadows & pastures
- 25,600,000 hectares (45.2%)
- Forest
- 15,730,200 hectares (27.8%)
- Other land
- 15,080,800 hectares (26.6%)
Source: - Natural hazards2026
- Drought5.4High#39/191Epidemics4.0Medium#126/191River floods3.6Low#125/191Earthquakes0.1Very low#127/191Tsunamis0.0Very lowTropical cyclones0.0Very lowCoastal floods0.0Very low
Scores out of 10, ranks out of 191 countries.
Source:- INFORM Risk Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
- Location, Land borders, Coastline, Terrain, Mean elevation, Highest point, Lowest point, Climate, Major rivers:The World Factbook: Botswana - CIA
- Climate:Climate Change Knowledge Portal (ERA5 reanalysis) ↗ - World Bank
- Land use:FAOSTAT Land Use domain ↗ - FAO
- Natural hazards:INFORM Risk Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
Demographics
- Population change2026
- +1.61% per year+41,266 people/yearWorld Rank66thof 237
- Birth rate
- 23.4 per 1,000 population
- Death rate
- 5.8 per 1,000 population
- Net migration rate
- −1.6 per 1,000 population
- 2026
- 23.7 yearsWorld Rank177thof 237
- Age structure2026
- 0-14 years31.8%15-64 years64.1%65 years +4.1%
- Share aged 65 and over
- 4.1%
- Share aged under 18
- 37.4%
- Total dependency ratio
- 56
- Youth dependency ratio
- 50
- Elderly dependency ratio
- 6
- Sex ratio
- 0.99 male / female
MaleAgeFemalePopulation by age group, % of total population Age Male Female 80+ 0.2% 0.4% 70-79 0.8% 1.0% 60-69 1.8% 2.0% 50-59 3.2% 3.5% 40-49 5.1% 5.1% 30-39 8.5% 8.5% 20-29 9.3% 9.3% 10-19 9.5% 9.4% 0-9 11.1% 11.0% - 2026
- 0.53 above the replacement level for Botswana ()2.63 births per womanreplacement 2.10123World Rank67thof 237
- 1.23 daughters per woman0.23 above replacement, long-run each generation larger than the lastreplacement 1.000.511.5
- 2026
- +17.6 per 1,000 populationfor every 1,000 people, 17.6 more births than deaths a year
- 2026
- −1.6 per 1,000 population
- Urbanization2026
- 68.5% live in 1,783,655 urban residents
- Largest cities2022
- Gaborone, Francistown, Mogoditshane, MaunRankCity, Town or Urban VillagePopulation (2022 census)1Gaborone246,3252Francistown103,4173Mogoditshane88,0044Maun85,3505Molepolole74,8616Serowe55,6767Tlokweng55,5088Palapye52,6369Mochudi50,32110Mahalapye48,431Source:
- Statistics Botswana (2022 census), via City Population by Thomas Brinkhoff ↗
- Population distribution
- The population is primarily concentrated in the east, with a focus in and around the capital of Gaborone and the eastern city of Francistown; population density remains low in other areas in the country, especially in the Kalahari Desert to the west.
- Ethnic groups
- Tswana (or Setswana)79.0%Kalanga11.0%Basarwa3.0%Other7.0%
Other includes Kgalagadi and people of European ancestry.
Source:- The World Factbook: Botswana - CIA
- Religions2011
- Christian79.1%Badimo4.1%Other1.4%None15.2%Unspecified0.3%
Other includes Baha'i, Hindu, Muslim, Rastafarian.
Source:- The World Factbook: Botswana - CIA
- Languages
- English, Tswana (Setswana)
- Population, Population change, Median age, Age structure, Total fertility rate, Net reproduction rate, Natural change, Net migration rate:UN World Population Prospects ↗
- Urbanization:UN World Urbanization Prospects ↗
- Largest cities:Statistics Botswana (2022 census), via City Population by Thomas Brinkhoff ↗
- Population distribution, Ethnic groups, Religions:The World Factbook: Botswana - CIA
Government & Administration
- Form of state
- RepublicBotswana is "a sovereign Republic"; the President is Head of State and is not directly elected, but declared elected when backed by members elected to more than half of the National Assembly's elected seats (ss. 1, 30, 32).Source:
- Constitution of Botswana ↗, ss. 1, 30, 32
- System of government
- ParliamentaryThe President holds executive power and there is no Prime Minister; the Cabinet is responsible to the National Assembly, and the President may dissolve Parliament at any time (ss. 47, 50, 91).Source:
- Constitution of Botswana ↗, ss. 47, 50, 91
- Territorial organisation
- Unitary
- Official websites
- Capital
- Gaborone246,325 people(2022)
- National holidays
- 15 days in 2026
- ThuJan 1New Year's Day
- FriJan 2New Year's Day Holiday
- FriApr 3Good Friday
- SatApr 4Holy Saturday
- MonApr 6Easter Monday
- FriMay 1Labour Day
- ThuMay 14Ascension Day
- WedJul 1Sir Seretse Khama Day
- MonJul 20President's Day
- TueJul 21President's Day Holiday
- WedSep 30Botswana Day
- ThuOct 1Botswana Day Holiday
- FriDec 25Christmas Day
- SatDec 26Boxing Day
- MonDec 28Boxing Day Holiday
Nationwide public holidays only, excluding regional, bank and government-only days.
- Time
- CATCentral Africa TimeUTC+2
- Currency
- Botswanan Pula (BWP)
- Entry requirements
- Official visa and entry information
- Calling code
- +267
- Internet TLD
- .bw
- ISO 3166-1 codes
- BW, BWA
- Infrastructure
- Railways888 km
- Passengers carried
- 172,720 by the country's airlines(2023)
- Aircraft departures
- 4,264 by the country's airlines(2023)
- Air freight
- 0.3 million tonne-km(2023)
- Aircraft registration prefix
- A2
Sources:- The World Factbook: Botswana - CIA
- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Flag carrier
- Air BotswanaState-owned
- Passenger rail
- Botswana Railways
- 2025
- 58 / 100World Rank41stof 182
Significant declinerDown 7 points since 2012, when it scored 65.
Confidence intervalCorruption index score by year Year Score Lower bound Upper bound 2012 65 62 68 2013 64 61 67 2014 63 60 66 2015 63 59 67 2016 60 55 66 2017 61 57 65 2018 61 56 66 2019 61 54.9 67.1 2020 60 55.3 64.7 2021 55 49.7 60.3 2022 60 55.7 64.3 2023 59 54 64 2024 57 53.1 60.9 2025 58 54.7 61.3 Source:- Corruption Perceptions Index 2025 ↗ - Transparency International, CC BY 4.0
- Form of state, System of government, Territorial organisation:Constitution of Botswana ↗ - Parliament of Botswana
- National holidays:Open World Holidays Framework (vacanza/holidays) ↗
- Infrastructure:The World Factbook: Botswana - CIA
- Infrastructure:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Corruption Perceptions Index:Corruption Perceptions Index 2025 ↗ - Transparency International, CC BY 4.0
Economy
- Upper middle income
- GDP growth (real)2026
- +4.4% per yearWorld Rank53rdof 195
- GDP per capita (PPP)2026
- GDP per capita (nominal)
- $8,563 (102nd in the world)
Source:- 2025
- Services64.6% of GDPIndustry27.9% of GDPAgriculture1.8% of GDPManufacturing5.7%part of industry
- Households
- +45.8%
- Government
- +31.5%
- Investment
- +29.2%
- Exports
- +32%
- Imports
- −37.5%
The shape of the economyGDP by end useSource:- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Inflation2026
- 7.2%up 4.4 percentage points4.4pp from 2025
- Labor force2024
- 1.2 million (47% of population)World Rank142ndof 187
- Labor force participation2024
- 68.6% of people aged 15+
- Unemployment2024
- 23.8%
- Youth unemployment2024
- 45.3% ages 15 to 24
- Labor productivity2024
- $22.6 per hour worked at PPP
- Budget balance2026
- 6.9% of GDP deficit
- Current account
- 1% of GDP, $222 million deficit
Source: - Debt2024
- Central government debt32.8% of GDP
- Trade2024
- Goods$4.7 billion83.3%
- Services$935 million16.7%
- Total exports
- $5.6 billion
- Change from 2023
- down 14.4 percent on the previous year14.4%
Sources:- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- The World Factbook: Botswana - CIA
- 2024
- −0.30World Rank93rdof 145
- Projected GDP growth
- +2.7% a year over the next 10 years
Source:- Atlas of Economic Complexity ↗ - Harvard Growth Lab
- Agricultural products2024
- Game meat (fresh or chilled or frozen), Raw hides and skins of cattle, Meat of cattle with the bone (fresh or chilled), and 7 more
- 1Game meat (fresh or chilled or frozen)347.5×
- 2Raw hides and skins of cattle25.8×
- 3Meat of cattle with the bone (fresh or chilled)23.7×
- 4Edible offal of cattle (fresh or chilled or frozen)23.3×
- 5Raw milk of goats13.7×
- 6Sorghum11.9×
- 7Watermelons4.6×
- 8Carrots and turnips3.4×
- 9Onions and shallots (dry)1.7×
- 10Cabbages1.7×
ProductSource:- FAOSTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Industries
- diamonds, copper, nickel, salt, soda ash, potash, coal, iron ore, silver
- beef processing
- textiles
- Income level, GDP by sector, Trade:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- GDP (nominal), GDP growth (real), GDP per capita (PPP), Inflation, Budget balance:IMF World Economic Outlook ↗
- Labor force, Labor force participation, Unemployment, Youth unemployment, Labor productivity:ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
- Debt:IMF Global Debt Database ↗
- Trade, Industries:The World Factbook: Botswana - CIA
- Economic Complexity Index:Atlas of Economic Complexity ↗ - Harvard Growth Lab
- Agricultural products:FAOSTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
Cost of Living
- Cost of living index
- Loading
- Monthly costs (excluding rent)
- Loading
- Rent
- Loading
- Buying an apartment
- Loading
- Average gross salary2024
- BWP 6,546 per month$483 (USD), $1,232 (PPP)
- Median
- BWP 2,500 per month($184)
- Men
- BWP 7,186 per month($530)
- Women
- BWP 5,985 per month($441)
Source:- ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
- 2024
- BWP 1,883 per month, gross$139 (USD), $354 (PPP)
- Share of the average gross salary
- 29%
Source:- ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
- Average gross salary, Minimum wage:ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
Society
- 2023
- 0.731HighWorld Rank111thof 193BotswanaWorld
Human Development Index by year Year Botswana World 1990 0.590 0.608 1991 0.590 0.611 1992 0.589 0.614 1993 0.588 0.617 1994 0.580 0.620 1995 0.583 0.625 1996 0.584 0.631 1997 0.587 0.636 1998 0.588 0.641 1999 0.592 0.646 2000 0.594 0.651 2001 0.595 0.657 2002 0.594 0.662 2003 0.602 0.669 2004 0.608 0.675 2005 0.616 0.681 2006 0.627 0.688 2007 0.640 0.694 2008 0.645 0.698 2009 0.644 0.701 2010 0.652 0.707 2011 0.661 0.713 2012 0.667 0.717 2013 0.676 0.721 2014 0.685 0.726 2015 0.690 0.731 2016 0.696 0.735 2017 0.704 0.739 2018 0.710 0.741 2019 0.718 0.745 2020 0.718 0.742 2021 0.700 0.742 2022 0.729 0.752 2023 0.731 0.756 Source:- Human Development Report ↗ - United Nations Development Programme
- 2015latest available
- 54.9
- Mean years of schooling2023
- 10.5 years
- Expected for a child today
- 11.4 years
Source:- Human Development Report ↗ - United Nations Development Programme
- Literacy2003latest available
- 81.2% of adults
- Education expenditure2020
- 8.1% of GDP
- Share of government spending
- 21.5%
Source:- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Internet users2024
- 57.5% of the population
- Households with Internet access
- 68.9%
Source:- ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Mobile subscriptions2024
- 4.1 million
- Fixed telephone lines
- 83,182
- Fixed broadband
- 7.4 subscriptions per 100 people
Counts subscriptions, not people.
Source:- ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Credit-card ownership2024
- 7% of adults
- Debit-card ownership
- 28%
- Account at a bank or mobile-money provider
- 61%
- Mobile-money account
- 52%
- Made or received a digital payment
- 57%
Source:- Global Findex Database ↗ - World Bank
- Refugees hosted2025
- 841 people
- Asylum seekers
- 21
- Internally displaced persons
- 7All due to disasters
- Refugees from Botswana abroad
- 332
Sources:- Refugee Data Finder ↗ - UN Refugee Agency
- Global Internal Displacement Database ↗ - Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre
- Inbound tourists2021latest available
- 314,000 arrivalsdown 78% against 201978% below 2019Official tourism site
- Per resident
- 1.3 arrivals per 10 residents
- Same-day visitors
- 24,000 arrivals
- $395.1 million(2023)
- 5.1% tourism direct GDP(2019, latest available)
- Domestic trips
- 3.1 million overnight trips by residents(2016, latest available)
- $80.8 million(2023)
- Hotel beds
- 25,330(2018, latest available)
Overnight arrivals by year2010 to 2021A tourist stays at least one night. Arrivals count trips, not people.
Source:- UN Tourism Data Dashboard ↗ - UN Tourism
- UNESCO World Heritage Sites
- 2 sites1 cultural1 natural
Site Type Tsodilo Hills Cultural Okavango Delta Natural Source:- The World Factbook: Botswana - CIA
- Human Development Index, Mean years of schooling:Human Development Report ↗ - United Nations Development Programme
- Income inequality (Gini), Education expenditure:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Literacy:UIS Data Browser ↗ - UNESCO Institute for Statistics
- Internet users, Mobile subscriptions:ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Credit-card ownership:Global Findex Database ↗ - World Bank
- Refugees hosted:Refugee Data Finder ↗ - UN Refugee Agency
- Refugees hosted:Global Internal Displacement Database ↗ - Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre
- Inbound tourists:UN Tourism Data Dashboard ↗ - UN Tourism
- UNESCO World Heritage Sites:The World Factbook: Botswana - CIA
Crime & Safety
- Travel advisory (US)
- Loading
- Active humanitarian crisisAug 2026
- None - no active crisis
- Homicide rate2023
- High by global standards13 per 100,000 peopleWorld Rank17thof 115
- Crime rates
- 7 offence categories
Offence Per 100,000 Count Year Homicide (victims) 13.0 322 2023 Serious assault 775.6 16,847 2014 Sexual violence 126.6 2,750 2014 Kidnapping 0.1 2 2014 Burglary 77.6 1,836 2020 Theft 1,365.3 29,656 2014 Vehicle theft 5.5 129 2020 A low figure can also mean weak recording.
Source:- UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
- Prison population2022
- 162.8 per 100,000 people
- Persons held
- 3,971
Source:- UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
- Active humanitarian crisis:INFORM Severity Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
- Homicide rate, Crime rates, Prison population:UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
Health
- Life expectancy2026
- 69.6 years
- Health expenditure2023
- 6.3% of GDP$490 per person
- Physicians2023
- 0.38 per 1,000 population
- Hospital beds2022
- 2.4 per 1,000 population
- Infant mortality2026
- 26.5 per 1,000 live births
- Maternal mortality2023
- 155 per 100,000 live births
- Alcohol consumption2022
- 6 litres of pure alcohol per adult per year
- Tobacco use2015latest available
- 22.1% of adults
- Men
- 33%
- Women
- 11.2%
Source:- Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Road traffic deaths2019
- 26.4 per 100,000 population
- Life expectancy, Infant mortality:UN World Population Prospects ↗
- Health expenditure, Physicians, Hospital beds, Road traffic deaths:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Maternal mortality:Maternal mortality estimates ↗ - UN Maternal Mortality Estimation Inter-agency Group
- Alcohol consumption, Tobacco use:Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
Environment
- CO₂ emissions2024
- 6.9 Mt per yearup 2.7 percent on the previous year2.7% from 2023
- CO₂ per capita
- 2.7 t per personWorld Rank106thof 207
- Share of global CO₂
- 0.02%
- Methane (CH₄)
- 3.36 Mt CO₂-eq
- Nitrous oxide (N₂O)
- 1.39 Mt CO₂-eq
- Fluorinated gases
- 0.44 Mt CO₂-eq
- All greenhouse gases
- 12.1 Mt CO₂-eq
Source:- Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ↗ - European Commission, Joint Research Centre
- 2024
- 15.9 µg/m³ of PM2.51.1 years of life expectancy lost against the WHO guidelineMost polluted85thof 236
- WHO guideline
- 5 µg/m³
Source:- Air Quality Life Index ↗ - Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago
- Environmental issues
- overgrazing
- desertification
- limited freshwater resources
- air pollution
Source:- The World Factbook: Botswana - CIA
- International agreements
- 18 of 20 landmark treaties in forceParty to 55 multilateral environmental agreements
Treaty Standing Joined Climate Paris Agreement in force 2016 UN Framework Convention on Climate Change in force 1994 Kyoto Protocol in force 2005 Ozone layer Montreal Protocol in force 1992 Vienna Convention (Ozone Layer) in force 1992 Biodiversity Convention on Biological Diversity in force 1996 CITES in force 1978 Convention on Migratory Species (Bonn) not a party Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety in force 2003 Nagoya Protocol in force 2014 Land and heritage Ramsar Convention on Wetlands in force 1997 World Heritage Convention in force 1999 UN Convention to Combat Desertification in force 1996 Chemicals and waste Basel Convention in force 1998 Rotterdam Convention (PIC) in force 2008 Stockholm Convention (POPs) in force 2004 Minamata Convention on Mercury in force 2017 Oceans UN Convention on the Law of the Sea in force 1994 High Seas Treaty (BBNJ) in force 2026 MARPOL 73/78 not a party Source:- International Environmental Agreements Database ↗ - Université Laval
- CO₂ emissions:Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ↗ - European Commission, Joint Research Centre
- Air pollution:Air Quality Life Index ↗ - Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago
- Environmental issues:The World Factbook: Botswana - CIA
- International agreements:International Environmental Agreements Database ↗ - Université Laval
Food & Water
- No access to safe drinking water2022
- 3.8% of the population
- Renewable water2022
- 12 billion m³ per year
- Per person
- 5,017 m³ per year
- Dependency ratio
- 80% originates outside the country
- Annual water withdrawal
- 0.2 billion m³ per year
- Withdrawn for agriculture
- 28%
- Water stress
- 2% of available freshwater withdrawn
Source:- AQUASTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Undernourishment2022
- 24.2% of the population600,000 people
- Obesity2024
- 19.8% of adults
- Men
- 8.7%
- Women
- 30.5%
Source:- Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Underweight children2007latest available
- 11.8% of children under five
- No access to safe drinking water, Renewable water:AQUASTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Undernourishment:Food security indicators (FAOSTAT) ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Obesity:Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Underweight children:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
Energy
- Energy consumption2024
- Per capita
- 35.3 GJ per person
- Share of world total
- 0.01%
- Supply
- Deficitproduces 65% of what it consumes, 2024
Source:- International Energy Statistics ↗ - U.S. Energy Information Administration
- Electricity2024
- Net importer, net 1.2 TWh in 2024, 31% of consumption3.4 TWh generated per year
- Generation
- 3.4 TWh per year
- Consumption
- 4 TWh per year
- Imports
- 1.4 TWh per year
- Exports
- 0.2 TWh per year
- Net
- −1.2 TWh per year
Source:- International Energy Statistics ↗ - U.S. Energy Information Administration
- Oil, gas & coal
- No domestic productionconsumes 22,611 b/d in 2024Consumption202422,611 b/d
Oil imports and exports count crude oil only.
- Energy consumption, Electricity, Oil, gas & coal:International Energy Statistics ↗ - U.S. Energy Information Administration
Defense
- Military expenditure2024
- 2.8% of GDP$567.8 million, 8% of government spending
- Military personnel2025
- estimated 10,000active Botswana Defense Force
- Military service2025
- Voluntaryno conscription; men and women 18–24 for general recruits and officer candidates; 18–40 for special entrant officers
- Nuclear weapons2026
- None - no nuclear arsenal
- Military expenditure:SIPRI Military Expenditure Database ↗ - Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
- Military expenditure:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Military personnel, Military service:The World Factbook: Botswana - CIA
- Nuclear weapons:Status of World Nuclear Forces ↗ - Federation of American Scientists
