Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions

Total GHG Emissions (2024)

53,206,401,266

tons CO₂eq

Year-over-Year

+1.27%

increase

Per Capita

6.56

tons per person

CO₂

39,632,664,219

74.5% of GHG

▲ 1.3%

CH₄

9,536,493,881

17.9% of GHG

▲ 0.69%

N₂O

2,527,410,957

4.8% of GHG

▲ 0.87%

F-gases

1,509,832,210

2.8% of GHG

▲ 4.1%

Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Gas

Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Country

See full table

#	Country	GHG emissions (tons, 2024)	1 Year Change	Per Capita	Share of World
1	China	15,536,121,683	0.81%	10.81	29.2%
2	United States	5,912,617,724	0.37%	17.34	11.1%
3	India	4,371,169,327	3.92%	3.04	8.2%
4	Russia	2,575,654,764	2.5%	18.02	4.8%
5	Indonesia	1,323,777,911	4.95%	4.69	2.5%
6	Brazil	1,299,180,208	0.15%	5.93	2.4%
7	Japan	1,063,335,849	−2.81%	8.52	2.0%
8	Iran	1,054,765,071	2.39%	12.24	2.0%
9	Saudi Arabia	838,876,551	2.53%	22.79	1.6%
10	Canada	768,058,921	1.7%	19.76	1.4%
11	Mexico	686,779,369	0.16%	4.91	1.3%
12	Germany	674,358,326	−1.65%	8.17	1.3%
13	South Korea	668,245,271	−0.28%	12.83	1.3%
14	Australia	591,453,961	0.67%	22.26	1.1%
15	Vietnam	584,257,623	7.61%	5.73	1.1%
16	Turkey (Türkiye)	579,506,816	2.74%	6.76	1.1%
17	South Africa	569,809,610	2.59%	9.31	1.1%
18	Pakistan	525,882,471	0.7%	2.36	0.99%
19	Thailand	422,387,287	2.86%	6.06	0.79%
20	Iraq	413,276,421	2%	8.98	0.78%
21	United Kingdom	386,695,717	−3.47%	5.63	0.73%
22	Egypt	386,598,228	4.56%	3.52	0.73%
23	France Monaco	378,120,190	−3.23%	5.68	0.71%
24	Argentina	374,344,607	−0.88%	7.95	0.70%
25	Italy San Marino Holy See (Vatican City)	371,171,711	−1.94%	6.32	0.70%
26	Nigeria	350,555,354	3.78%	1.54	0.66%
27	Poland	348,195,041	−1.73%	9.28	0.65%
28	Malaysia	332,166,828	4.33%	9.62	0.62%
29	Kazakhstan	330,393,346	1.08%	16.98	0.62%
30	Taiwan	309,611,654	−0.27%	12.9	0.58%
31	Spain Andorra	285,638,322	−0.43%	6.16	0.54%
32	Philippines	266,597,284	4.74%	2.3	0.50%
33	United Arab Emirates	264,148,374	3.87%	25.62	0.50%
34	Algeria	252,699,997	−2.41%	5.52	0.47%
35	Uzbekistan	227,488,366	7.63%	6.54	0.43%
36	Bangladesh	220,826,721	2.31%	1.25	0.42%
37	Colombia	217,585,730	0.98%	4.22	0.41%
38	Ukraine	196,964,006	−2.31%	4.61	0.37%
39	Ethiopia	192,704,007	2.26%	1.56	0.36%
40	Kuwait	173,330,697	3.24%	38.14	0.33%
41	Venezuela	167,318,430	1.21%	4.82	0.31%
42	Qatar	162,744,689	4.24%	54.54	0.31%
43	Netherlands	145,006,675	−3%	8.35	0.27%
44	Sudan South Sudan	138,701,952	0.25%	2.18	0.26%
45	Oman	132,264,662	1.55%	24.02	0.25%
46	Chile	118,120,879	1.1%	6.22	0.22%
47	Myanmar	117,787,536	−0.38%	2.08	0.22%
48	Turkmenistan	114,812,183	−10.53%	18.06	0.22%
49	Morocco	108,736,424	0.35%	2.81	0.20%
50	Belgium	107,824,020	0.56%	9.15	0.20%
51	Mongolia	104,354,966	11.35%	30.99	0.20%
52	Peru	103,813,025	4.59%	2.99	0.20%
53	Kenya	102,836,152	2.25%	1.75	0.19%
54	Tanzania	102,525,007	3.06%	1.45	0.19%
55	Romania	101,857,590	0.56%	5.36	0.19%
56	Chad	101,173,797	4.44%	5.54	0.19%
57	Czech Republic (Czechia)	100,379,206	−7.77%	9.45	0.19%
58	Libya	98,170,876	0.22%	14.1	0.18%
59	North Korea	91,251,815	0.69%	3.48	0.17%
60	Belarus	87,491,361	0.64%	9.37	0.16%
61	New Zealand	77,837,353	−0.47%	15.59	0.15%
62	Israel State of Palestine	76,620,733	−3.08%	5.07	0.14%
63	Singapore	76,092,758	5.11%	12.44	0.14%
64	Ecuador	74,408,551	1.65%	4.08	0.14%
65	Greece	71,500,075	1.28%	6.51	0.13%
66	Austria	70,999,904	−0.83%	8.01	0.13%
67	Angola	69,922,939	2.41%	1.88	0.13%
68	Bahrain	64,422,177	−0.74%	35.13	0.12%
69	Bolivia	63,757,198	11.44%	5.23	0.12%
70	Hungary	60,452,897	−0.82%	6.38	0.11%
71	Ireland	59,677,828	−1.13%	11.86	0.11%
72	Democratic Republic of the Congo	58,491,691	2.26%	0.58	0.11%
73	Azerbaijan	58,279,785	−4.45%	5.61	0.11%
74	Uganda	57,298,152	1.23%	1.07	0.11%
75	Norway	53,759,636	−3.08%	9.5	0.10%
76	Portugal	53,169,594	−3.29%	5.27	0.10%
77	Sweden	52,565,802	2.27%	5.07	0.10%
78	Dominican Republic	51,580,798	3.57%	4.47	0.10%
79	Cambodia	49,834,755	1.74%	2.83	0.09%
80	Finland	48,678,996	−2.4%	8.61	0.09%
81	Ghana	48,093,949	2.72%	1.44	0.09%
82	Mali	48,008,510	3%	2.11	0.09%
83	Syria	47,165,576	1.36%	2.1	0.09%
84	Bulgaria	46,676,574	−6.02%	6.92	0.09%
85	Uruguay	44,627,146	3.96%	12.61	0.08%
86	Tunisia	44,621,001	2.34%	3.62	0.08%
87	Guatemala	43,472,168	1.11%	2.26	0.08%
88	Switzerland Liechtenstein	42,992,441	0.27%	4.83	0.08%
89	Laos	41,549,638	0.91%	5.51	0.08%
90	Nepal	41,468,235	−1.54%	1.32	0.08%
91	Paraguay	41,442,035	1.19%	5.6	0.08%
92	Niger	41,146,147	2.68%	1.47	0.08%
93	Cameroon	40,621,856	0.65%	1.42	0.08%
94	Hong Kong	40,307,052	1.45%	5.22	0.08%
95	Slovakia	39,000,776	−3.24%	7.16	0.07%
96	Zambia	38,519,002	2.74%	1.84	0.07%
97	Denmark	38,264,629	−1.75%	6.5	0.07%
98	Côte d'Ivoire	38,026,697	3.53%	1.32	0.07%
99	Sri Lanka	37,166,535	5.63%	1.74	0.07%
100	Cuba	35,985,717	2.52%	3.13	0.07%
101	Madagascar	35,789,967	0.24%	1.17	0.07%
102	Burkina Faso	34,917,746	0.94%	1.5	0.07%
103	Jordan	34,855,735	1.32%	3.31	0.07%
104	Somalia	34,416,873	0.5%	1.9	0.06%
105	Mozambique	33,625,590	−2.02%	0.93	0.06%
106	Trinidad and Tobago	33,586,578	−0.26%	24.32	0.06%
107	Afghanistan	33,034,840	1.85%	0.8	0.06%
108	Yemen	32,902,757	1.66%	1	0.06%
109	Senegal	31,720,612	2.08%	1.66	0.06%
110	Zimbabwe	30,784,272	2.19%	1.6	0.06%
111	Guinea	29,375,914	2.66%	1.93	0.06%
112	Bosnia and Herzegovina	27,626,664	−2.03%	7.97	0.05%
113	Croatia	26,841,829	0.15%	6.67	0.05%
114	Republic of the Congo	24,623,026	0.85%	3.91	0.05%
115	Honduras	24,387,071	2.54%	2.37	0.05%
116	Kyrgyzstan	22,368,961	3%	3.39	0.04%
117	Tajikistan	22,188,971	2.38%	2.18	0.04%
118	Gabon	21,781,992	1.06%	9.36	0.04%
119	Lithuania	21,535,707	−0.18%	7.69	0.04%
120	Georgia	19,602,825	−0.25%	5.1	0.04%
121	Panama	19,217,955	−1.41%	4.24	0.04%
122	Nicaragua	19,158,621	1.04%	2.87	0.04%
123	Malawi	19,023,565	3.65%	0.84	0.04%
124	Lebanon	18,786,315	2.32%	3.3	0.04%
125	Benin	17,767,053	2.38%	1.32	0.03%
126	Puerto Rico	17,616,494	4.79%	4.85	0.03%
127	Mauritania	17,508,621	1.9%	3.31	0.03%
128	Slovenia	17,336,899	3.96%	8.34	0.03%
129	Costa Rica	17,076,872	2.09%	3.28	0.03%
130	El Salvador	14,751,635	2.58%	2.23	0.03%
131	Namibia	14,212,132	2.32%	4.87	0.03%
132	Estonia	14,129,202	−5.71%	11	0.03%
133	Haiti	13,782,309	1.23%	1.16	0.03%
134	Central African Republic	13,444,290	5.22%	2.5	0.03%
135	Botswana	12,097,730	−4.04%	4.7	0.02%
136	Brunei	11,865,488	−1.62%	25.57	0.02%
137	Moldova	11,658,325	0.07%	2.94	0.02%
138	Latvia	11,642,389	−0.48%	6.37	0.02%
139	Togo	10,844,265	2.84%	1.18	0.02%
140	Armenia	10,780,575	0.51%	3.67	0.02%
141	Papua New Guinea	10,761,088	0.93%	1.14	0.02%
142	North Macedonia	9,812,096	−7.16%	4.7	0.02%
143	Jamaica	9,424,700	4.23%	3.22	0.02%
144	Cyprus	9,343,181	2.58%	7.53	0.02%
145	Guyana	8,730,862	1.69%	10.83	0.02%
146	Burundi	8,421,724	2.87%	0.63	0.02%
147	Rwanda	8,349,881	0.04%	0.59	0.02%
148	Equatorial Guinea	8,138,702	2.06%	5.12	0.02%
149	Luxembourg	8,053,667	2.56%	12.7	0.02%
150	Sierra Leone	7,928,483	1.72%	0.91	0.01%
151	Albania	7,124,311	−1.89%	2.42	0.01%
152	Eritrea	6,579,258	0.65%	1.11	0.01%
153	Mauritius	6,471,596	2.35%	5.05	0.01%
154	New Caledonia	5,381,612	2.61%	17.88	0.01%
155	Liberia	4,459,909	1.07%	0.79	0.01%
156	Iceland	4,282,411	0.86%	12.13	0.01%
157	Suriname	3,666,575	2.23%	6.16	0.01%
158	Guinea-Bissau	3,188,633	1.26%	1.45	0.01%
159	Lesotho	3,054,965	−0.52%	1.25	0.01%
160	Réunion	3,034,389	1.84%	3.29	0.01%
161	Eswatini	2,929,757	0.28%	1.91	0.01%
162	Bhutan	2,806,318	0.49%	3.23	0.01%
163	Fiji	2,750,899	3.85%	2.91	0.01%
164	Curaçao	2,492,665	3.67%	14.93	< 0.01%
165	Djibouti	2,417,345	1.21%	2.29	< 0.01%
166	Malta	2,243,619	0.83%	5.12	< 0.01%
167	Maldives	2,093,373	4.74%	4.33	< 0.01%
168	Timor-Leste	1,940,120	3.36%	1.29	< 0.01%
169	Gambia	1,859,505	0.93%	0.72	< 0.01%
170	Bahamas	1,843,873	3.06%	4.38	< 0.01%
171	Macao	1,820,095	3.19%	2.63	< 0.01%
172	Palau	1,533,811	4.91%	66.69	< 0.01%
173	Guadeloupe	1,448,910	2.68%	3.24	< 0.01%
174	Martinique	1,201,808	3.1%	3.12	< 0.01%
175	French Polynesia	1,081,003	4.57%	3.65	< 0.01%
176	Belize	1,034,684	3.35%	2.41	< 0.01%
177	Seychelles	976,437	4.41%	9.96	< 0.01%
178	Comoros	949,389	1.33%	1	< 0.01%
179	Cabo Verde	912,564	3.34%	1.53	< 0.01%
180	Barbados	912,054	2.61%	3.16	< 0.01%
181	Western Sahara	735,414	2.94%	1.12	< 0.01%
182	Greenland	659,255	1.43%	11.57	< 0.01%
183	Gibraltar	658,905	0.95%	18.83	< 0.01%
184	Vanuatu	632,053	1.51%	1.99	< 0.01%
185	Solomon Islands	619,752	3.47%	0.89	< 0.01%
186	Aruba	588,716	3.37%	5.45	< 0.01%
187	French Guiana	586,260	1.6%	1.76	< 0.01%
188	Samoa	521,648	2.69%	2.54	< 0.01%
189	Saint Lucia	468,521	3.16%	2.56	< 0.01%
190	Antigua and Barbuda	426,851	2.84%	3.88	< 0.01%
191	Cayman Islands	405,937	3.36%	6.06	< 0.01%
192	Bermuda	305,677	3%	5.09	< 0.01%
193	Tonga	292,904	3.05%	2.55	< 0.01%
194	São Tomé and Príncipe	245,465	1.38%	1.03	< 0.01%
195	Grenada	240,991	3.19%	2.17	< 0.01%
196	Turks and Caicos Islands	237,848	3.39%	6.1	< 0.01%
197	Saint Kitts and Nevis	185,492	3.46%	3.2	< 0.01%
198	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	185,236	2.51%	1.67	< 0.01%
199	Falkland Islands	172,895	0.85%	57.63	< 0.01%
200	Dominica	152,357	2.06%	2	< 0.01%
201	Kiribati	115,188	3.98%	0.89	< 0.01%
202	Cook Islands	112,081	4.26%	6.59	< 0.01%
203	British Virgin Islands	108,295	3.14%	3.19	< 0.01%
204	Faroe Islands	96,617	0.16%	1.89	< 0.01%
205	Saint Pierre and Miquelon	35,008	−0.29%	5	< 0.01%
206	Anguilla	26,035	3.49%	1.63	< 0.01%
207	Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha	21,008	1.14%	5.25	< 0.01%

GHG Emissions per Capita

See full table

Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Sector

Power Industry - Electricity production comes mostly from burning fossil fuels, mostly coal and natural gas. Greenhouse gas emissions from industry primarily come from burning fossil fuels for energy.
Industrial Combustion - From manufacturing.
Waste - Solid waste disposed on land, solid waste composted and hazardous solid waste processing/storage, waste water handling, waste incineration.
Fuel Exploitation - Fuel extraction, transformation and refineries activities, including venting and flaring.
Industrial Processes - Non-metallic minerals, non-ferrous metals, solvents and other product use, chemicals, etc.
Transportation - From burning fossil fuel for cars, trucks, ships, trains, and planes.
Agriculture - Agriculture livestock (enteric fermentation, manure management), agriculture soils (fertilisers, lime application, rice cultivation, direct soil emissions, indirect N2O emissions from agriculture), field burning of agricultural residues.
Buildings - Commercial and residential. Greenhouse gas emissions from businesses and homes arise primarily from fossil fuels burned for heat, the use of certain products that contain greenhouse gases, and the handling of waste.

Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Year

See full table

Year	GHG emissions (tons, 2024)	CO₂	CH₄	N₂O	F-gases	Change	Per Capita
2024	53,206,401,266	39,632,664,219	9,536,493,881	2,527,410,957	1,509,832,210	1.27%	6.56
2023	52,540,765,869	39,112,688,790	9,471,520,948	2,505,587,181	1,450,968,949	1.53%	6.54
2022	51,748,121,504	38,548,118,943	9,335,038,209	2,471,902,794	1,393,061,558	1.09%	6.51
2021	51,187,953,401	38,219,996,767	9,180,393,144	2,454,321,062	1,333,242,428	4.55%	6.5
2020	48,962,126,893	36,209,861,637	9,055,831,990	2,423,634,114	1,272,799,152	−3.67%	6.28
2019	50,829,629,010	38,008,489,131	9,180,894,833	2,419,561,585	1,220,683,461	0.52%	6.59
2018	50,566,421,974	37,905,961,547	9,103,433,487	2,385,523,865	1,171,503,075	2.2%	6.63
2017	49,478,560,064	37,020,028,189	8,969,489,679	2,376,619,410	1,112,422,786	1.69%	6.56
2016	48,655,806,379	36,390,785,270	8,847,609,137	2,363,669,139	1,053,742,832	0.42%	6.52
2015	48,451,420,673	36,292,523,415	8,812,536,398	2,341,385,435	1,004,975,424	−0.2%	6.56
2014	48,549,137,332	36,396,952,687	8,788,340,688	2,323,791,337	1,040,052,621	0.74%	6.65
2013	48,193,437,524	36,177,328,521	8,719,776,939	2,323,963,355	972,368,709	1.61%	6.68
2012	47,430,072,885	35,489,676,343	8,716,949,478	2,294,921,246	928,525,818	1.33%	6.66
2011	46,808,098,605	35,036,740,902	8,617,186,970	2,278,653,008	875,517,725	3.03%	6.65
2010	45,433,102,838	33,969,474,314	8,413,665,797	2,220,816,194	829,146,533	5.2%	6.53
2009	43,188,416,931	31,966,599,802	8,258,484,370	2,186,548,831	776,783,928	−1.04%	6.28
2008	43,642,407,234	32,414,360,515	8,283,498,490	2,186,169,075	758,379,154	0.67%	6.43
2007	43,350,586,882	32,207,364,953	8,153,784,388	2,210,846,400	778,591,141	3.02%	6.47
2006	42,078,825,888	31,037,618,590	8,099,287,445	2,166,475,835	775,444,017	2.83%	6.35
2005	40,919,624,603	30,015,938,144	7,972,056,853	2,126,088,888	805,540,718	3.26%	6.26
2004	39,626,760,852	28,926,371,610	7,839,176,776	2,103,562,576	757,649,889	4.1%	6.13
2003	38,064,796,729	27,642,403,405	7,688,307,510	2,045,862,265	688,223,549	4.13%	5.97
2002	36,555,718,924	26,414,844,015	7,464,209,324	2,013,850,875	662,814,711	1.26%	5.8
2001	36,099,483,796	26,000,902,282	7,498,291,411	2,006,310,043	593,980,059	0.85%	5.8
2000	35,793,980,385	25,694,728,676	7,495,121,761	2,012,744,426	591,385,521	2.49%	5.83
1999	34,923,598,002	24,939,984,300	7,401,915,562	2,021,504,997	560,193,143	0.67%	5.76
1998	34,692,808,501	24,756,505,864	7,388,892,350	2,005,244,624	542,165,663	0.31%	5.79
1997	34,587,073,305	24,598,717,494	7,477,027,784	1,989,978,999	521,349,028	1.18%	5.85
1996	34,183,677,838	24,149,129,927	7,511,956,826	2,029,580,601	493,010,485	1.9%	5.86
1995	33,546,502,836	23,682,286,016	7,420,233,783	1,977,497,030	466,486,007	2.52%	5.83
1994	32,721,435,460	23,039,384,854	7,333,492,776	1,923,589,964	424,967,865	1.11%	5.77
1993	32,363,428,423	22,808,325,417	7,260,479,964	1,896,706,110	397,916,931	0.25%	5.79
1992	32,283,661,303	22,714,986,482	7,287,916,256	1,894,293,229	386,465,335	−0.12%	5.87
1991	32,322,913,657	22,794,864,895	7,270,165,422	1,877,354,479	380,528,862	0.23%	5.97
1990	32,249,866,916	22,660,079,364	7,340,904,024	1,881,006,558	367,876,970	1.03%	6.05
1989	31,920,673,698	22,343,102,961	7,349,126,455	1,903,396,016	325,048,266	1.81%	6.09
1988	31,352,639,359	21,958,155,737	7,183,612,290	1,894,385,670	316,485,662	3.15%	6.09
1987	30,395,987,733	21,199,385,093	7,031,752,268	1,868,602,735	296,247,638	2.57%	6.01
1986	29,635,808,788	20,540,482,751	6,966,522,757	1,837,223,893	291,579,386	1.71%	5.97
1985	29,138,665,369	20,181,526,621	6,851,168,428	1,815,746,618	290,223,701	1.09%	5.98
1984	28,823,531,704	19,921,949,856	6,776,858,460	1,840,000,988	284,722,400	2.84%	6.02
1983	28,027,897,097	19,302,601,175	6,657,804,176	1,809,296,991	258,194,755	0.91%	5.96
1982	27,775,597,674	19,156,959,542	6,620,993,738	1,755,509,611	242,134,782	−0.58%	6.01
1981	27,937,885,010	19,402,190,315	6,565,121,851	1,725,014,094	245,558,750	−1.76%	6.16
1980	28,439,689,463	19,772,848,598	6,684,223,197	1,735,932,978	246,684,690	−0.95%	6.38
1979	28,713,071,570	20,018,700,426	6,720,777,868	1,730,457,042	243,136,234	2.56%	6.56
1978	27,997,100,228	19,479,851,141	6,582,917,758	1,704,784,036	229,547,291	2.66%	6.51
1977	27,272,383,081	18,869,880,184	6,523,730,455	1,659,043,748	219,728,694	2.58%	6.45
1976	26,585,873,375	18,315,359,106	6,441,875,767	1,625,169,065	203,469,437	4.48%	6.4
1975	25,445,008,531	17,327,699,265	6,347,941,002	1,578,278,577	191,089,687	0.08%	6.24
1974	25,424,679,821	17,397,837,499	6,279,134,159	1,555,463,077	192,245,086	0%	6.35
1973	25,423,897,138	17,461,301,237	6,242,769,313	1,538,460,477	181,366,111	5.05%	6.47
1972	24,200,867,464	16,478,735,506	6,060,750,357	1,491,537,601	169,844,001	4.04%	6.28
1971	23,262,161,477	15,682,550,812	5,951,920,113	1,465,324,141	162,366,412	0.14%	6.16
1970	23,228,506,264	15,750,720,652	5,879,790,596	1,444,659,568	153,335,449	–	6.28

Frequently Asked Questions

Greenhouse gases (GHGs) are gaseous compounds in Earth's atmosphere that absorb and re-emit infrared radiation, trapping heat and warming the planet. The major GHGs are carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), nitrous oxide (N₂O), and fluorinated gases (F-gases including HFCs, PFCs, SF₆, and NF₃).

Emissions are measured in CO₂ equivalents (CO₂eq), which converts the warming impact of each gas into the equivalent amount of CO₂ using Global Warming Potentials (GWPs). This allows comparison across different gases on a common scale.

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is by far the largest contributor, accounting for 74% of total GHG emissions. Methane (CH₄) follows at 18%, nitrous oxide (N₂O) at 5%, and fluorinated gases at 3%.

No. International aviation and international shipping emissions are tracked separately because they cannot be reliably attributed to individual countries.

Sources

Crippa M., Guizzardi D., Pagani F., Banja M., Muntean M., et al., GHG emissions of all world countries – JRC/IEA 2025 Report, European Commission, 2025. DOI. Data: EDGAR_2025_GHG.
CO2 emissions from fuel combustion based on IEA (2024) Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Energy, as modified by the Joint Research Centre (IEA-EDGAR CO2, v4).

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