National Identity
- Official name
- Turkmenistan
- Official name (in Turkmen)
- Türkmenistan
- Name etymology
the suffix -stan means "land," so the country name means the "Land of the Turkmen [people];" the people's name means "Turk-like," from the Persian words tork and mandan, referring to their formerly nomadic lifestyle that differed from the settled Turks of Turkey
Sources:- Constitution of Turkmenistan ↗ - Central Commission for Holding Elections and Referendums in Turkmenistan
- The World Factbook: Turkmenistan - CIA
- National emblem
- National flag
Translated from the Mejlis (Parliament) of Turkmenistan The State Flag of Turkmenistan is a rectangular cloth. The length of the flag is one and a half times its width.
The flag is green in colour. In the crimson stripe, from top to bottom, the five main carpet güls, the Ahalteke, Yomut, Salyr, Chowdur and Arsary güls, are placed, [...] Around each of them a carpet pattern also runs, and its outer edge is joined with the edges of the stripe. In the lower part of the crimson stripe, where it begins, two olive branches are depicted, crossing each other and pointing upward in different directions. [...] In the large green part of the flag, in the upper left corner, a white crescent moon and five five-pointed stars are depicted.
Unofficial translation by WorldometerTranslated from the Mejlis (Parliament) of Turkmenistan The State Flag of Turkmenistan is a symbol of the unity and Independence of the people of Turkmenistan and of the state Neutrality.
Unofficial translation by WorldometerTranslated from the Mejlis (Parliament) of Turkmenistan In the crimson stripe, from top to bottom, the five main carpet güls, the Ahalteke, Yomut, Salyr, Chowdur and Arsary güls, are placed; they are symbols of the friendship and unity of the Turkmen people.
Unofficial translation by WorldometerTranslated from the Mejlis (Parliament) of Turkmenistan The National Leader of the Turkmen people, our Hero Arkadag, for his part, by saying: "The standards of the Oghuz begs, witnesses of justice, honesty and humaneness, and the banners of the Seljuk sultans bear witness that the Turkmen people, who created state symbols, have been one of the most ancient peoples of the world", emphasises that our State Flag has its origins in ancient times.
Unofficial translation by WorldometerTranslated from the editorial office of the Turkmenistan electronic newspaper «Altyn Asyr» On 19 February 1992, the State Flag of Turkmenistan was approved.
Unofficial translation by WorldometerTranslated from the editorial office of the Turkmenistan electronic newspaper «Altyn Asyr» With our country's attainment of the status of permanent Neutrality in 1995, two sprigs of an olive branch, symbolising our people's centuries-old peace-loving traditions, permanently adorned our green Standard.
Unofficial translation by WorldometerSources:- mejlis.gov.tm ↗ - the Mejlis (Parliament) of Turkmenistan
- mejlis.gov.tm ↗ - the Mejlis (Parliament) of Turkmenistan
- turkmenistan.gov.tm ↗ - the editorial office of the Turkmenistan electronic newspaper «Altyn Asyr»
- National anthem
- Garaşsyz, Bitarap Türkmenistanyň2:00
- Title (in Turkmen)
- Garaşsyz, Bitarap Türkmenistanyň
- Title (in English, translated)
- Independent, Neutral, Turkmenistan State Anthem
- Lyrics
1Janym gurban saňa, erkana ýurdum Mert pederleň ruhy bardyr könülde. Bitarap, Garaşsyz topragyn nurdur Baýdagyn belentdir dünýan önünde.
ChorusHalkyň guran Baky beýik binasy, Berkarar döwletim, jigerim – janym. Başlaryň täji sen, diller senasy Dünýä dursun, sen dur, Türkmenistanym!
2Gardaşdyr tireler, amandyr iller Owal-ahyr birdir bizin ganymyz. Harasatlar almaz, syndyrmaz siller Nesiller döş gerip gorar şanymyz.
Halkyň guran Baky beýik binasy, Berkarar döwletim, jigerim – janym.Source: - Citizens
- Turkmenistanis
- Official name:Constitution of Turkmenistan ↗ - Central Commission for Holding Elections and Referendums in Turkmenistan
- Official name, Citizens:The World Factbook: Turkmenistan - CIA
- National flag:mejlis.gov.tm ↗ - the Mejlis (Parliament) of Turkmenistan
- National flag:mejlis.gov.tm ↗ - the Mejlis (Parliament) of Turkmenistan
- National flag:turkmenistan.gov.tm ↗ - the editorial office of the Turkmenistan electronic newspaper «Altyn Asyr»
- National anthem:nationalanthems.info ↗
Geography
- Location
- Central Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea, between Iran and Kazakhstan
- Total area
- 488,100 km²
- Land area
- 469,930 km²
- Water area
- 18,170 km²
- Land borders
- 4,158 km(4 countries)
- Uzbekistan
- 1,793 km
- Iran
- 1,148 km
- Afghanistan
- 804 km
- Kazakhstan
- 413 km
Source:- The World Factbook: Turkmenistan - CIA
- Coastline
- 0 km(Landlocked,
1,768 km of shoreline on the Caspian Sea ) - Terrain
Flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes rising to mountains in the south; low mountains along border with Iran; borders Caspian Sea in west - Mean elevation
- 230 m
- Highest point
- 3,139 mGora Ayribaba
- Lowest point
- −110 mVpadina Akchanaya (Sarygamysh Koli is a lake in northern Turkmenistan with a water level that fluctuates above and below the elevation of Vpadina Akchanaya, the lake has dropped as low as
- Climate
Subtropical desert - Avg. temperature
- 16.7 °C
- Avg. daily range
- 10.5 to 22.4 °C
- Annual precipitation
- 174 mm
Temperature °CMeanDaily rangePrecipitation mmMonthly climate normals Month Avg. high, °C Mean, °C Avg. low, °C Precipitation, mm January 6.8 2.4 −1.8 20 February 9.1 4.3 −0.6 26 March 15.7 10.3 4.7 34 April 23 17.3 11 27 May 30 24 16.9 14 June 35.5 29.4 21.9 5 July 37.5 31.5 24.2 2 August 36.1 29.6 22.1 2 September 30.3 23.3 16 4 October 22.6 15.7 8.8 9 November 13.6 8.2 2.9 16 December 7.8 3.4 −0.7 15 Country-wide averages over 1991–2020.
Sources:- The World Factbook: Turkmenistan - CIA
- Climate Change Knowledge Portal (ERA5 reanalysis) ↗ - World Bank
- Weather
- Loading
- Land use2023
- Arable3.4%Pasture80.8%Forest5.0%Other10.7%
- Arable land
- 1,591,539 hectares (3.4%)
- Permanent crops
- 39,800 hectares (0.1%)
- Permanent meadows & pastures
- 37,946,900 hectares (80.8%)
- Forest
- 2,330,000 hectares (5.0%)
- Other land
- 5,023,661 hectares (10.7%)
Source: - Major lakes
- Caspian Sea374,000 km²
- Natural hazards2026
- River floods8.3Very high#16/191Epidemics5.1High#91/191Drought5.0High#46/191Coastal floods4.3Medium#81/191Earthquakes3.0Low#100/191Tsunamis0.0Very lowTropical cyclones0.0Very low
Scores out of 10, ranks out of 191 countries.
Source:- INFORM Risk Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
- Location, Land borders, Coastline, Terrain, Mean elevation, Highest point, Lowest point, Climate, Major rivers, Major lakes:The World Factbook: Turkmenistan - CIA
- Climate:Climate Change Knowledge Portal (ERA5 reanalysis) ↗ - World Bank
- Land use:FAOSTAT Land Use domain ↗ - FAO
- Natural hazards:INFORM Risk Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
Demographics
- Population change2026
- +1.55% per year+117,784 people/yearWorld Rank68thof 237
- Birth rate
- 19.2 per 1,000 population
- Death rate
- 5.9 per 1,000 population
- Net migration rate
- +1.5 per 1,000 population
- 2026
- 27.3 yearsWorld Rank156thof 237
- Age structure2026
- 0-14 years30.8%15-64 years64.1%65 years +5.1%
- Share aged 65 and over
- 5.1%
- Share aged under 18
- 36.0%
- Total dependency ratio
- 56
- Youth dependency ratio
- 48
- Elderly dependency ratio
- 8
- Sex ratio
- 0.97 male / female
MaleAgeFemalePopulation by age group, % of total population Age Male Female 80+ 0.1% 0.4% 70-79 0.7% 1.4% 60-69 2.6% 3.5% 50-59 4.4% 5.3% 40-49 5.9% 6.2% 30-39 8.4% 8.3% 20-29 7.2% 6.9% 10-19 9.3% 9.0% 0-9 10.5% 10.0% - 2026
- 0.40 above the replacement level for Turkmenistan ()2.60 births per womanreplacement 2.20123World Rank71stof 237
- 1.21 daughters per woman0.21 above replacement, long-run each generation larger than the lastreplacement 1.000.511.5
- 2026
- +13.3 per 1,000 populationfor every 1,000 people, 13.3 more births than deaths a year
- 2026
- +1.5 per 1,000 population
- Urbanization2026
- 47.1% live in cities3,645,745 urban residents
- Largest cities2022
- Ashgabat, Türkmenabat, Daşoguz, MaryRankCity or Urban SettlementPopulation (2022 census)1Ashgabat1,030,0632Türkmenabat230,8613Daşoguz201,1424Mary167,0275Balkanabat123,1906Türkmenbaşy91,7457Baýramaly70,3768Tejen67,4889Gyzylarbat48,55210Magdanly44,508Source:
- State Committee for Statistics, Turkmenistan (2022 census), via City Population by Thomas Brinkhoff ↗
- Population distribution
- The most densely populated areas are the southern, eastern, and northeastern oases; approximately 50% of the population lives in and around the capital of Ashgabat.
- Ethnic groups2003
- Turkmen85.0%Uzbek5.0%Russian4.0%Other6.0%
- Religions2020
- Muslim93.0%Christian6.4%Buddhist<1%Folk religion<1%Jewish<1%Other<1%Unspecified<1%
- Languages
- Turkmen (Türkmençe)
- Population, Population change, Median age, Age structure, Total fertility rate, Net reproduction rate, Natural change, Net migration rate:UN World Population Prospects ↗
- Urbanization:UN World Urbanization Prospects ↗
- Largest cities:State Committee for Statistics, Turkmenistan (2022 census), via City Population by Thomas Brinkhoff ↗
- Population distribution, Ethnic groups, Religions:The World Factbook: Turkmenistan - CIA
Government & Administration
- Form of state
- RepublicThe Constitution calls the form of government a "presidential republic"; the President is head of state and of the executive, elected directly by the people for seven years (Arts. 1, 68, 70).
- System of government
- PresidentialThe President heads the executive power as well as the state (Art. 68).
- Territorial organisation
- Unitary
- Official websites
- Capital
- Ashgabat1 million people(2022)
- National holidays
- 13 days in 2026
- ThuJan 1New Year's Day
- SunMar 8International Women's Day
- MonMar 9International Women's Day (observed)
- FriMar 20Eid al-Fitr (estimated)
- SatMar 21Spring Festival
- SunMar 22Spring Festival
- MonMar 23Spring Festival (observed)
- MonMay 18Constitution and State Flag Day
- WedMay 27Eid al-Adha (estimated)
- SunSep 27Independence Day
- MonSep 28Independence Day (observed)
- TueOct 6Memorial Day
- SatDec 12International Neutrality Day
Nationwide public holidays only, excluding regional, bank and government-only days.
- Time
- TMTTurkmenistan Standard TimeUTC+5
- Currency
- Turkmenistani Manat (TMT)
- Entry requirements
- Official visa and entry information
- Calling code
- +993
- Internet TLD
- .tm
- ISO 3166-1 codes
- TM, TKM
- Infrastructure
- Passengers carried
- 1,078,118 by the country's airlines(2023)
- Heliports
- 25
- Aircraft departures
- 10,676 by the country's airlines(2023)
- Air freight
- 62.7 million tonne-km(2023)
- Aircraft registration prefix
- EZ
Sources:- The World Factbook: Turkmenistan - CIA
- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Passenger rail
- Türkmendemirýollary
- 2025
- 17 / 100World Rank167thof 182
Significant declinerDown 5 points since 2016, when it scored 22.
Confidence intervalCorruption index score by year Year Score Lower bound Upper bound 2012 17 12 22 2013 17 12 22 2014 17 12 22 2015 18 14 22 2016 22 20 24 2017 19 16 22 2018 20 18 22 2019 19 16.7 21.3 2020 19 17.5 20.5 2021 19 17.2 20.8 2022 19 17.2 20.8 2023 18 15.6 20.4 2024 17 15.5 18.5 2025 17 15.7 18.3 Source:- Corruption Perceptions Index 2025 ↗ - Transparency International, CC BY 4.0
- Form of state, System of government, Territorial organisation:Türkmenistanyň Konstitusion kanuny - Türkmenistanyň Konstitusiýasyny rejelenen görnüşde tassyklamak hakynda, No. 448-V of 14 September 2016 ↗ - Mejlis of Turkmenistan
- National holidays:Open World Holidays Framework (vacanza/holidays) ↗
- Infrastructure:The World Factbook: Turkmenistan - CIA
- Infrastructure:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Corruption Perceptions Index:Corruption Perceptions Index 2025 ↗ - Transparency International, CC BY 4.0
Economy
- Upper middle income
- GDP growth (real)2026
- +2.4% per yearWorld Rank117thof 195
- GDP per capita (PPP)2026
- GDP per capita (nominal)
- $12,291 (84th in the world)
Source:- Inflation2026
- 5.6%up 2.9 percentage points2.9pp from 2025
- Labor force2024
- 2.2 million (29% of population)World Rank125thof 187
- Labor force participation2024
- 42.2% of people aged 15+
- Unemployment2024
- 4.0%
- Youth unemployment2024
- 9.3% ages 15 to 24
- Labor productivity2024
- $27.7 per hour worked at PPP
- Budget balance2026
- 0.5% of GDP surplus
- Current account
- 1.4% of GDP, $1.2 billion surplus
Source: - Debt2024
- Government debt4.6% of GDPCentral government debt4.6% of GDPSource:
- Trade2023
- China63%
- Turkey (Türkiye)11%
- Greece7%
- Uzbekistan6%
- Azerbaijan4%
Source:- The World Factbook: Turkmenistan - CIA
- 2024
- −1.18World Rank126thof 145
- Projected GDP growth
- +3.4% a year over the next 10 years
Source:- Atlas of Economic Complexity ↗ - Harvard Growth Lab
- Agricultural products2024
- Meat of sheep (fresh or chilled), Seed cotton (unginned), Watermelons, and 7 more
- 1Meat of sheep (fresh or chilled)14.6×
- 2Seed cotton (unginned)11.2×
- 3Watermelons8.4×
- 4Grapes6.2×
- 5Raw milk of cattle4.5×
- 6Meat of cattle with the bone (fresh or chilled)4.1×
- 7Potatoes2.9×
- 8Tomatoes2.5×
- 9Wheat2.3×
- 10Hen eggs in shell (fresh)1.3×
ProductSource:- FAOSTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Industries
- natural gas, oil, petroleum products, textiles, food processing
- Income level:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- GDP (nominal), GDP growth (real), GDP per capita (PPP), Inflation, Budget balance:IMF World Economic Outlook ↗
- Labor force, Labor force participation, Unemployment, Youth unemployment, Labor productivity:ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
- Debt:IMF Global Debt Database ↗
- Trade, Industries:The World Factbook: Turkmenistan - CIA
- Economic Complexity Index:Atlas of Economic Complexity ↗ - Harvard Growth Lab
- Agricultural products:FAOSTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
Cost of Living
- Cost of living index
- Loading
- Monthly costs (excluding rent)
- Loading
- Rent
- Loading
- Buying an apartment
- Loading
Society
- 2023
- 0.764HighWorld Rank95thof 193TurkmenistanWorld
Human Development Index by year Year Turkmenistan World 2005 0.653 0.681 2006 0.662 0.688 2007 0.673 0.694 2008 0.683 0.698 2009 0.690 0.701 2010 0.700 0.707 2011 0.709 0.713 2012 0.714 0.717 2013 0.716 0.721 2014 0.719 0.726 2015 0.725 0.731 2016 0.729 0.735 2017 0.732 0.739 2018 0.735 0.741 2019 0.741 0.745 2020 0.744 0.742 2021 0.754 0.742 2022 0.761 0.752 2023 0.764 0.756 Source:- Human Development Report ↗ - United Nations Development Programme
- Mean years of schooling2023
- 11.2 years
- Expected for a child today
- 13.2 years
Source:- Human Development Report ↗ - United Nations Development Programme
- Literacy2022
- 99.9% of adults
- Education expenditure2024
- 4.3% of GDP
- Share of government spending
- 27.6%
Source:- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Internet users2016latest available
- 18% of the population
- Households with Internet access
- 13.6%
Source:- ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Mobile subscriptions2016latest available
- 8.6 million
- Fixed telephone lines
- 665,000
- Fixed broadband
- 0.7 subscriptions per 100 people
Counts subscriptions, not people.
Source:- ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Refugees hosted2025
- 3,309 people
- Refugees from Turkmenistan abroad
- 2,724
Source:- Refugee Data Finder ↗ - UN Refugee Agency
- UNESCO World Heritage Sites
- 5 sites4 cultural1 natural
Site Type Ancient Merv Cultural Kunya-Urgench Cultural Parthian Fortresses of Nisa Cultural Cold Winter Deserts of Turan Natural Silk Roads: Zarafshan-Karakum Corridor Cultural Source:- The World Factbook: Turkmenistan - CIA
- Human Development Index, Mean years of schooling:Human Development Report ↗ - United Nations Development Programme
- Literacy:UIS Data Browser ↗ - UNESCO Institute for Statistics
- Education expenditure:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Internet users, Mobile subscriptions:ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Refugees hosted:Refugee Data Finder ↗ - UN Refugee Agency
- UNESCO World Heritage Sites:The World Factbook: Turkmenistan - CIA
Crime & Safety
- Travel advisory (US)
- Loading
- Active humanitarian crisisAug 2026
- None - no active crisis
- Homicide rate2015
- 1 per 100,000 peopleLow by global standards
- Crime rates
- 1 offence category
Offence Per 100,000 Count Year Homicide (victims) 1.0 63 2015 A low figure can also mean weak recording.
Source:- UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
- Prison population2017
- 468 per 100,000 people
- Persons held
- 30,452
Source:- UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
- Active humanitarian crisis:INFORM Severity Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
- Homicide rate, Crime rates, Prison population:UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
Health
- Life expectancy2026
- 70.5 years
- Health expenditure2023
- 5.5% of GDP$581 per person
- Physicians2023
- 1.93 per 1,000 population
- Hospital beds2021
- 3.6 per 1,000 population
- Infant mortality2026
- 27.1 per 1,000 live births
- Maternal mortality2023
- 5 per 100,000 live births
- Alcohol consumption2022
- 3 litres of pure alcohol per adult per year
- Tobacco use2015latest available
- 7.7% of adults
- Men
- 14.8%
- Women
- 0.5%
Source:- Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Alcohol and Tobacco Spending2023
- 2.2% of household spendingWorld Rank66thof 105
- World median
- 3.1%
Source:- The World Factbook: Turkmenistan - CIA
- Road traffic deaths2019
- 13.5 per 100,000 population
- Life expectancy, Infant mortality:UN World Population Prospects ↗
- Health expenditure, Physicians, Hospital beds, Road traffic deaths:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Maternal mortality:Maternal mortality estimates ↗ - UN Maternal Mortality Estimation Inter-agency Group
- Alcohol consumption, Tobacco use:Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Alcohol and Tobacco Spending:The World Factbook: Turkmenistan - CIA
Environment
- CO₂ emissions2024
- 81.4 Mt per yeardown 14.1 percent on the previous year14.1% from 2023
- CO₂ per capita
- 12.8 t per personWorld Rank18thof 207
- Share of global CO₂
- 0.21%
- Methane (CH₄)
- 27.2 Mt CO₂-eq
- Nitrous oxide (N₂O)
- 5.94 Mt CO₂-eq
- Fluorinated gases
- 0.29 Mt CO₂-eq
- All greenhouse gases
- 114.8 Mt CO₂-eq
Source:- Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ↗ - European Commission, Joint Research Centre
- 2024
- 19 µg/m³ of PM2.51.4 years of life expectancy lost against the WHO guidelineMost polluted65thof 236
- WHO guideline
- 5 µg/m³
Source:- Air Quality Life Index ↗ - Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago
- Environmental issues
- soil and groundwater pollution from agricultural chemicals and pesticides
- salination, waterlogging of soil due to poor irrigation methods
- Caspian Sea pollution
- river diversion for irrigation
- soil erosion
- desertification
Source:- The World Factbook: Turkmenistan - CIA
- International agreements
- 14 of 20 landmark treaties in forceParty to 53 multilateral environmental agreements
Treaty Standing Joined Climate Paris Agreement in force 2016 UN Framework Convention on Climate Change in force 1995 Kyoto Protocol in force 2005 Ozone layer Montreal Protocol in force 1994 Vienna Convention (Ozone Layer) in force 1994 Biodiversity Convention on Biological Diversity in force 1996 CITES not a party Convention on Migratory Species (Bonn) in force 2021 Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety in force 2008 Nagoya Protocol in force 2021 Land and heritage Ramsar Convention on Wetlands in force 2009 World Heritage Convention in force 1994 UN Convention to Combat Desertification in force 1996 Chemicals and waste Basel Convention in force 1996 Rotterdam Convention (PIC) not a party Stockholm Convention (POPs) not a party Minamata Convention on Mercury not a party Oceans UN Convention on the Law of the Sea not a party High Seas Treaty (BBNJ) not a party MARPOL 73/78 in force 2009 Source:- International Environmental Agreements Database ↗ - Université Laval
- CO₂ emissions:Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ↗ - European Commission, Joint Research Centre
- Air pollution:Air Quality Life Index ↗ - Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago
- Environmental issues:The World Factbook: Turkmenistan - CIA
- International agreements:International Environmental Agreements Database ↗ - Université Laval
Food & Water
- No access to safe drinking water2022
- 39.6% of the population
- Renewable water2022
- 25 billion m³ per year
- Per person
- 3,425 m³ per year
- Dependency ratio
- 97% originates outside the country
- Annual water withdrawal
- 17 billion m³ per year
- Withdrawn for agriculture
- 93%
- Water stress
- 135% of available freshwater withdrawn
Source:- AQUASTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Undernourishment2022
- 3.9% of the population200,000 people
- Obesity2024
- 22.2% of adults
- Men
- 19.5%
- Women
- 24.2%
Source:- Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Underweight children2019
- 3.1% of children under five
- No access to safe drinking water, Renewable water:AQUASTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Undernourishment:Food security indicators (FAOSTAT) ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Obesity:Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Underweight children:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
Energy
- Energy consumption2024
- Per capita
- 260.6 GJ per person
- Share of world total
- 0.31%
- Supply
- Surplusproduces 1.8× what it consumes, 2024
Source:- International Energy Statistics ↗ - U.S. Energy Information Administration
- Electricity2024
- Exports only, 9 TWh exported, nothing imported in 202433 TWh generated per year
- Generation
- 33 TWh per year
- Consumption
- 21 TWh per year
- Exports
- 9 TWh per year
Source:- International Energy Statistics ↗ - U.S. Energy Information Administration
- Oil, gas & coal
- Surplusproduces 1.9× what it consumes, 2024Oil reserves2025600 million barrelsWorld Rank45thof 99Exports201859,930 b/d
Oil imports and exports count crude oil only.
- Energy consumption, Electricity, Oil, gas & coal:International Energy Statistics ↗ - U.S. Energy Information Administration
- Oil, gas & coal:Worldwide Oil and Gas Survey ↗ - Oil & Gas Journal
Defense
- Military personnel2025
- estimated 35,000active Armed Forces
- Military service2025
- Conscriptionmen 18–27, 24 months; voluntary men and women 18–27
- Space program2025
- Turkmenistan National Space Agency (established 2011; transferred to the Space Department of the Ministry of Communications in 2019)
Has a small space program focused on acquiring satellites and developing the infrastructure to build and operate satellites; particularly interested in communications and remote sensing satellites; has cooperated with the space agencies and/or space industries of France, Italy, Russia, South Korea, and the US
- 2015
- First commercial telecommunications satellite (Turkmen Sat 52E) built by European company and launched by US
- 2024
- Announced beginning of program to develop or acquire a second communications satellite
Key milestones
Source:- The World Factbook: Turkmenistan - CIA
- Nuclear weapons2026
- None - no nuclear arsenal
- Military personnel, Military service, Space program:The World Factbook: Turkmenistan - CIA
- Nuclear weapons:Status of World Nuclear Forces ↗ - Federation of American Scientists
