Kazakhstan

Official name (in Kazakh, Cyrillic script)

Қазақстан Республикасы

Official name (in Kazakh, Latin script)

Qazaqstan Respýblikasy

Official name (in Russian)

Республика Казахстан

Official name (in Russian, Romanized)

Respublika Kazakhstan

Name etymology

the name may derive from the Turkic word kazak, meaning "nomad;" the Persian suffix -stan means "place of" or "country"

DesignMeaningHistory

The State Flag of the Republic of Kazakhstan is a rectangular sky-blue cloth with a radiant sun in its centre, beneath which a soaring eagle is depicted. Along the staff of the flag, a national ornament is set out in the form of a vertical stripe. The image of the sun, its rays, the eagle and the national ornament are golden in colour. The ratio of the width of the flag to its length is 1:2.

Unofficial translation by Worldometer

EnglishKazakh

Title (in Kazakh, Cyrillic script)

Менің Қазақстаным

Title (in Kazakh, Latin script)

Meniñ Qazaqstanım

Title (in English, translated)

My Kazakhstan

Lyrics

Kazakh (Cyrillic)Kazakh (Latin)English

1

Алтын күн аспаны, Алтын дән даласы, Ерліктің дастаны, Еліме қарашы!

Ежелден ер деген, Даңкымыз шықты ғой. Намысын бермеген, Қазағым мықты ғой!

Chorus

: Менің елім, менің елім, Гүлің болып егілемін, Жырың болып төгілемін, елім! Туған жерім менің – Қазақстаным!

2

Ұрпаққа жол ашқан, Кең байтақ жерім бар. Бірлігі жарасқан, Тәуелсіз елім бар.

Қарсы алған уақытты, Мәңгілік досындай. Біздің ел бақытты, Біздің ел осындай!

:

Land area

2,699,700 km²

Water area

25,200 km²

Russia

7,644 km

Uzbekistan

2,330 km

China

1,765 km

Kyrgyzstan

1,212 km

Turkmenistan

413 km

Avg. temperature

7.1 °C

Avg. daily range

1.3 to 12.1 °C

Annual precipitation

331 mm

Temperature °CMeanDaily range

°C°F

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Precipitation mm

Monthly climate normals

Month	Avg. high, °C	Mean, °C	Avg. low, °C	Precipitation, mm
January	−7.4	−11	−14.9	24
February	−5.3	−9.4	−14	22
March	2.9	−1.7	−6.8	28
April	14.6	9.1	2.7	31
May	22.3	16.6	9.3	33
June	27.8	22.1	14.9	32
July	29.4	23.8	16.9	35
August	28.1	22.1	14.9	24
September	21.4	15.2	8.4	19
October	12.9	7.3	1.7	26
November	2	−2	−6	29
December	−4.9	−8.5	−12.2	27

Country-wide averages over 1991–2020.

Arable land

29,669,700 hectares (11.0%)

Permanent crops

132,000 hectares (0.0%)

Permanent meadows & pastures

184,464,000 hectares (68.3%)

Forest

3,492,710 hectares (1.3%)

Other land

52,211,590 hectares (19.3%)

Birth rate

18.5 per 1,000 population

Death rate

6.8 per 1,000 population

Net migration rate

−0.6 per 1,000 population

MaleAgeFemale

80+70-7960-6950-5940-4930-3920-2910-190-9

% of total population

Population by age group, % of total population

Age	Male	Female
80+	0.3%	0.9%
70-79	1.5%	2.7%
60-69	3.6%	4.7%
50-59	4.7%	5.4%
40-49	6.2%	6.4%
30-39	7.3%	7.2%
20-29	6.1%	5.8%
10-19	9.0%	8.6%
0-9	10.0%	9.5%

Share aged 65 and over

9.3%

Share aged under 18

34.1%

Total dependency ratio

62

Youth dependency ratio

47

Elderly dependency ratio

15

Sex ratio

0.95 male / female

Christian

17.2%

Orthodox

17.0%

Other

0.2%

The President is elected by universal, equal and direct suffrage by secret ballot for one seven-year term only; the Constitution states that "The form of government is a presidential republic" (Arts. 2, 43).

Although often described as presidential, Kazakhstan is classified as semi-presidential because it combines a directly elected President with a Government, led by a Prime Minister, that the Quryltai (parliament) can dismiss by a vote of no confidence (Arts. 46, 62, 63).

1. ThuJan 1New Year's Day
2. FriJan 2New Year's Day
3. WedJan 7Orthodox Christmas
4. SunMar 8International Women's Day
5. MonMar 9International Women's Day (observed)
6. SatMar 21Nowruz Holiday
7. SunMar 22Nowruz Holiday
8. MonMar 23Nowruz Holiday
9. TueMar 24Nowruz Holiday (observed)
10. WedMar 25Nowruz Holiday (observed)
11. FriMay 1Kazakhstan's People Solidarity Holiday
12. ThuMay 7Defender of the Fatherland Day
13. SatMay 9Victory Day
14. MonMay 11Victory Day (observed)
15. WedMay 27Eid al-Adha (estimated)
16. MonJul 6Capital Day
17. SunOct 25Republic Day
18. MonOct 26Republic Day (observed)
19. WedDec 16Independence Day

Nationwide public holidays only, excluding regional, bank and government-only days.

World average 42

highly corruptvery clean

Significant improverUp 12 points since 2013, when it scored 26.

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Confidence interval

Corruption index score by year

Year	Score	Lower bound	Upper bound
2012	28	21	35
2013	26	21	31
2014	29	22	36
2015	28	20	36
2016	29	23	34
2017	31	25	37
2018	31	25	37
2019	34	27.2	40.8
2020	38	32.9	43.1
2021	37	31.5	42.5
2022	36	30.6	41.4
2023	39	33.8	44.2
2024	40	34.9	45.1
2025	38	32.2	43.8

GDP per capita (nominal)

$19,311 (68th in the world)

The shape of the economy

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GDP by end use

Households

+52.3%

Government

+10.8%

Investment

+27.2%

Exports

+31.6%

Imports

−25.6%

The five add up to 96.3% of GDP, not 100. The gap is in the source data.

Current account

0.5% of GDP, $2.2 billion surplus

Projected GDP growth

+3.9% a year over the next 10 years

By specializationBy volume

ProductSpecialization index

1. 1Linseed63.7×
2. 2Lentils (dry)14.6×
3. 3Cantaloupes and other melons13.4×
4. 4Sunflower seed8.9×
5. 5Barley6.8×
6. 6Wheat5.9×
7. 7Beans (dry)5.3×
8. 8Carrots and turnips2.8×
9. 9Watermelons2.3×
10. 10Onions and shallots (dry)1.8×

Men

KZT 355,296 per month($772)

Women

KZT 265,762 per month($578)

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KazakhstanWorld

Human Development Index by year

Year	Kazakhstan	World
1990	0.689	0.608
1991	0.683	0.611
1992	0.680	0.614
1993	0.673	0.617
1994	0.666	0.620
1995	0.665	0.625
1996	0.669	0.631
1997	0.673	0.636
1998	0.678	0.641
1999	0.683	0.646
2000	0.692	0.651
2001	0.707	0.657
2002	0.720	0.662
2003	0.732	0.669
2004	0.743	0.675
2005	0.754	0.681
2006	0.765	0.688
2007	0.772	0.694
2008	0.771	0.698
2009	0.774	0.701
2010	0.781	0.707
2011	0.790	0.713
2012	0.799	0.717
2013	0.808	0.721
2014	0.813	0.726
2015	0.819	0.731
2016	0.820	0.735
2017	0.824	0.739
2018	0.828	0.741
2019	0.834	0.745
2020	0.826	0.742
2021	0.816	0.742
2022	0.831	0.752
2023	0.837	0.756

Expected for a child today

14 years

Share of government spending

20.8%

Households with Internet access

97.1%

Fixed telephone lines

2,443,300

Fixed broadband

15.3 subscriptions per 100 people

Counts subscriptions, not people.

Debit-card ownership

68%

Account at a bank or mobile-money provider

87%

Mobile-money account

49%

Made or received a digital payment

85%

Asylum seekers

229

Stateless persons

7,383

Internally displaced persons

134(2022)120 due to conflicts, 14 due to disasters

Refugees from Kazakhstan abroad

4,142

Overnight arrivals by year2010 to 2024

Per resident

5 arrivals per 10 residents

Same-day visitors

1.8 million arrivals(2014, latest available)

Visitor spending in the country

$2.8 billion

Spending per arrival

$272

Share of GDP

1.1% tourism direct GDP(2023)

Domestic trips

7.7 million overnight trips by residents(2022)

Residents' trips abroad

10.2 million overnight trips(2014, latest available)

Residents' spending abroad

$4 billion

Average hotel stay

1.3 nights

A tourist stays at least one night. Arrivals count trips, not people.

Site	Type
Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi	Cultural
Petroglyphs at Tanbaly	Cultural
Saryarka - Steppe and Lakes of Northern Kazakhstan	Natural
Silk Roads: the Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor	Cultural
Western Tien-Shan	Natural
Cold Winter Deserts of Turan	Natural

A low figure can also mean weak recording.

Persons held

35,228

Men

36.4%

Women

6.9%

World median

3.1%

CO₂ per capita

13.3 t per person

World Rank17thof 207

Share of global CO₂

0.65%

Methane (CH₄)

57.3 Mt CO₂-eq

Nitrous oxide (N₂O)

10.5 Mt CO₂-eq

Fluorinated gases

3.87 Mt CO₂-eq

All greenhouse gases

330.4 Mt CO₂-eq

WHO guideline

5 µg/m³

Treaty	Standing	Joined
Climate
Paris Agreement	in force	2017
UN Framework Convention on Climate Change	in force	1995
Kyoto Protocol	in force	2009
Ozone layer
Montreal Protocol	in force	1998
Vienna Convention (Ozone Layer)	in force	1998
Biodiversity
Convention on Biological Diversity	in force	1994
CITES	in force	2000
Convention on Migratory Species (Bonn)	in force	2006
Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety	in force	2008
Nagoya Protocol	in force	2015
Land and heritage
Ramsar Convention on Wetlands	in force	2007
World Heritage Convention	in force	1994
UN Convention to Combat Desertification	in force	1997
Chemicals and waste
Basel Convention	in force	2003
Rotterdam Convention (PIC)	in force	2008
Stockholm Convention (POPs)	in force	2008
Minamata Convention on Mercury	not a party
Oceans
UN Convention on the Law of the Sea	not a party
High Seas Treaty (BBNJ)	not a party
MARPOL 73/78	in force	1994

Per person

5,411 m³ per year

Dependency ratio

41% originates outside the country

Annual water withdrawal

25 billion m³ per year

Withdrawn for agriculture

57%

Water stress

35% of available freshwater withdrawn

Men

20.5%

Women

21.2%

Per capita

186.2 GJ per person

Share of world total

0.60%

Supply

Surplusproduces 2.1× what it consumes, 2024

OverviewBy source

Generation

123 TWh per year

Consumption

113 TWh per year

Imports

4.9 TWh per year

Exports

2.5 TWh per year

Net

−2.4 TWh per year

USGS estimates. Shows only minerals where the country is a major producer.

Conscripts may be assigned to the Armed Forces, the National Guard, the Border Service, the State Security Service, or the Ministry of Emergency Situations.

Launch sites

Baikonur Cosmodrome/Space Center (Baikonur)

Key milestones

1991

First Kazakh in space on the last Soviet Soyuz mission

2006

First communications satellite (KazSat-1) built jointly with Italy and launched by Russia

2014

First remote sensing satellite (KazEOSat-1) built by France and launched on European rocket

2024

Joined China-led lunar base project

Baikonur Cosmodrome is leased and administered by Russia until 2050; the cosmodrome was originally built by the Soviet Union in the mid-1950s and is the site of the World's first successful satellite launch (Sputnik) in 1957; it is also the largest space launch facility in the Worldin 2018, Kazakhstan and Russia agreed that Kazakhstan would build, maintain, and operate a new space launch facility (Baiterek) at the Baikonur Space Center (estimated to be fully operational in 2027-2028)