National Identity
- Official name
- Republic of Uzbekistan / Uzbekistan
- Official name (in Uzbek, Cyrillic script)
- Ўзбекистон Республикаси
- Official name (in Uzbek, Latin script)
- O‘zbekiston Respublikasi
- Name etymology
the name comes from the local people, the Uzbeks, whose name is said to have originated with Mongol leader Ghiyath ad-Din Muhammad UZBEK; the Persian suffix -stan means "country"
Sources:- Article 1 - Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan ↗ - Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan
- The World Factbook: Uzbekistan - CIA
- National emblem
- National flag
Translated from the “Adolat” National Legal Information Centre, a state institution under the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Uzbekistan The State Flag of the Republic of Uzbekistan is a rectangular cloth made up of three stripes running along the entire length of the flag: dark blue, white and dark green.
Unofficial translation by WorldometerTranslated from the “Adolat” National Legal Information Centre, a state institution under the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Uzbekistan Red borders 2.5 centimetres wide run along the edges of the white stripe in the middle of the State Flag of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
Unofficial translation by WorldometerTranslated from the “Adolat” National Legal Information Centre, a state institution under the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Uzbekistan On the front side and the reverse side of the blue stripe in the upper part of the State Flag of the Republic of Uzbekistan, near the staff, a white new moon is depicted and, beside it, twelve white five-pointed stars.
Unofficial translation by WorldometerTranslated from the Government Portal of the Republic of Uzbekistan The blue colour on the flag is the symbol of the eternal sky and of the water of life, in which the essence of life is reflected. In the language of symbols it signifies goodness, wisdom, honesty, glory and loyalty. [...] The white colour on the flag is the symbol of sacred peace; it blends in harmony with the brightness of the day and the luminaries of the universe. White is the symbol of purity, innocence, cleanness, the purity of dreams and thoughts, and the striving for inner beauty.
Green is the symbol of the renewal of nature. Among many peoples it is considered a symbol of youth, hope and joy.
The red lines signify the streams of vital force surging through our bodies.
The image of the young crescent moon is connected with our historical traditions. At the same time it is also the symbol of the independence we have gained.
Stars have been regarded by all as a spiritual, divine symbol. The image of 12 stars on the State Flag of the Republic of Uzbekistan is also directly related to our historical traditions and our ancient calendar. Our attention to twelve stars is also explained by the fact that the science of astronomy developed in the scientific thought of the ancient states within the borders of Uzbekistan.Unofficial translation by WorldometerTranslated from the National News Agency of Uzbekistan If we look at our recent history, as early as under the former system, the question of our country's state symbols was discussed at the session of parliament held in March 1990. The Declaration of Independence adopted on 20 June of that year also stated that Uzbekistan would determine its own path of development and would itself establish symbols such as the flag, the coat of arms and the anthem.
Unofficial translation by WorldometerTranslated from the editorial office of the Yangi Oʻzbekiston (New Uzbekistan) and Pravda Vostoka newspapers In preparing the drawings (sketches) of the state flag and coat of arms, a commission worked that consisted of artists, historians, art historians, masters of artistic depiction and graphics, and figures of culture and art well known in the republic, as well as specialists in law and a number of other fields. The images of the flag and coat of arms of the state were put forward for nationwide discussion. A competition was announced for the best sketch of the symbols of the independence of Uzbekistan.
Unofficial translation by WorldometerTranslated from the Government Portal of the Republic of Uzbekistan The State Flag was approved by Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. 407-XII of 18 November 1991 «On the State Flag of the Republic of Uzbekistan».
Unofficial translation by WorldometerSources:- lex.uz ↗ - the “Adolat” National Legal Information Centre, a state institution under the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Uzbekistan
- gov.uz ↗ - the Government Portal of the Republic of Uzbekistan
- uza.uz ↗ - the National News Agency of Uzbekistan
- yuz.uz ↗ - the editorial office of the Yangi Oʻzbekiston (New Uzbekistan) and Pravda Vostoka newspapers
- gov.uz ↗ - the Government Portal of the Republic of Uzbekistan
- National anthem
- O’zbekiston Respublikasining Davlat Madhiyasi2:26
- Title (in Uzbek)
- O’zbekiston Respublikasining Davlat Madhiyasi
- Title (in English, translated)
- National Anthem of the Republic of Uzbekistan
- Lyrics
1Serquyosh, hur o’lkam, elga baxt, najot, Sen o’zing do’stlarga yo’ldosh, mehribon! Yashnagay to abad ilmu fan, ijod, Shuhrating porlasin toki bor jahon!
ChorusOltin bu vodiylar – jon O’zbekiston, Ajdodlar mardona ruhi senga yor! Ulug’ xalq qudrati jo’sh urgan zamon, Olamni mahliyo aylagan diyor!
2Bag’ri keng o’zbekning o’chmas iymoni, Erkin, yosh avlodlar senga zo’r qanot! Istiqlol mash’ali, tinchlik posboni, Xaqsevar, ona yurt, mangu bo’l obod!
Oltin bu vodiylar – jon O’zbekiston,Source: - Citizens
- Uzbekistanis
- Official name:Article 1 - Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan ↗ - Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan
- Official name, Citizens:The World Factbook: Uzbekistan - CIA
- National flag:lex.uz ↗ - the “Adolat” National Legal Information Centre, a state institution under the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Uzbekistan
- National flag:gov.uz ↗ - the Government Portal of the Republic of Uzbekistan
- National flag:uza.uz ↗ - the National News Agency of Uzbekistan
- National flag:yuz.uz ↗ - the editorial office of the Yangi Oʻzbekiston (New Uzbekistan) and Pravda Vostoka newspapers
- National flag:gov.uz ↗ - the Government Portal of the Republic of Uzbekistan
- National anthem:nationalanthems.info ↗
Geography
- Location
- Central Asia, north of Turkmenistan, south of Kazakhstan
- Total area
- 447,400 km²
- Land area
- 425,400 km²
- Water area
- 22,000 km²
- Land borders
- 6,893 km(5 countries)
- Kazakhstan
- 2,330 km
- Turkmenistan
- 1,793 km
- Kyrgyzstan
- 1,314 km
- Tajikistan
- 1,312 km
- Afghanistan
- 144 km
Source:- The World Factbook: Uzbekistan - CIA
- Coastline
- 0 km(Doubly landlocked,
420 km of shoreline on the Aral Sea ) - Terrain
Mostly flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes; broad, flat intensely irrigated river valleys along course of Amu Darya, Syr Darya (Sirdaryo), and Zaravshan; Fergana Valley in east surrounded by mountainous Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan; shrinking Aral Sea in west - Highest point
- 4,643 mXazrat Sulton Tog'
- Lowest point
- −12 mSariqamish Kuli
- Climate
Mostly mid-latitude desert long, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid grassland in east - Avg. temperature
- 13.4 °C
- Avg. daily range
- 7.4 to 18.9 °C
- Annual precipitation
- 251 mm
Temperature °CMeanDaily rangePrecipitation mmMonthly climate normals Month Avg. high, °C Mean, °C Avg. low, °C Precipitation, mm January 1.9 −2 −5.9 27 February 4.5 0 −4.6 32 March 12 6.9 1.5 40 April 20.2 14.7 8.5 37 May 27.3 21.6 14.5 26 June 32.9 27 19.3 12 July 34.8 28.9 21.4 6 August 33.2 26.8 19.3 4 September 27 20.2 13 5 October 19 12.4 5.9 13 November 9.6 4.6 −0.2 24 December 3.4 −0.6 −4.5 25 Country-wide averages over 1991–2020.
Sources:- The World Factbook: Uzbekistan - CIA
- Climate Change Knowledge Portal (ERA5 reanalysis) ↗ - World Bank
- Weather
- Loading
- Land use2023
- Arable9.1%Perm. crops1.0%Pasture47.9%Forest8.7%Other31.8%
- Arable land
- 4,029,000 hectares (9.1%)
- Permanent crops
- 439,000 hectares (1.0%)
- Permanent meadows & pastures
- 21,114,000 hectares (47.9%)
- Forest
- 3,812,114 hectares (8.7%)
- Other land
- 14,020,886 hectares (31.8%)
Source: - Major lakes
- Aral Sealargely dried up
- Natural hazards2026
- River floods8.3Very high#16/191Earthquakes7.0Very high#44/191Drought6.6Very high#16/191Epidemics5.4High#81/191Tsunamis0.0Very lowTropical cyclones0.0Very lowCoastal floods0.0Very low
Scores out of 10, ranks out of 191 countries.
Source:- INFORM Risk Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
- Location, Land borders, Coastline, Terrain, Highest point, Lowest point, Climate, Major rivers, Major lakes:The World Factbook: Uzbekistan - CIA
- Climate:Climate Change Knowledge Portal (ERA5 reanalysis) ↗ - World Bank
- Land use:FAOSTAT Land Use domain ↗ - FAO
- Natural hazards:INFORM Risk Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
Demographics
- Population change2026
- +1.81% per year+670,795 people/yearWorld Rank56thof 237
- Birth rate
- 23.7 per 1,000 population
- Death rate
- 6.1 per 1,000 population
- Net migration rate
- −0.1 per 1,000 population
- 2026
- 27.0 yearsWorld Rank157thof 237
- Age structure2026
- 0-14 years31.5%15-64 years62.3%65 years +6.3%
- Share aged 65 and over
- 6.3%
- Share aged under 18
- 36.3%
- Total dependency ratio
- 61
- Youth dependency ratio
- 51
- Elderly dependency ratio
- 10
- Sex ratio
- 1.02 male / female
MaleAgeFemalePopulation by age group, % of total population Age Male Female 80+ 0.3% 0.6% 70-79 1.1% 1.6% 60-69 3.0% 3.4% 50-59 4.3% 4.4% 40-49 6.3% 6.1% 30-39 8.2% 7.8% 20-29 6.9% 6.6% 10-19 8.7% 8.2% 0-9 11.7% 10.8% - 2026
- 1.30 above the replacement level for Uzbekistan ()3.40 births per womanreplacement 2.101234World Rank46thof 237
- 1.60 daughters per woman0.60 above replacement, long-run each generation larger than the lastreplacement 1.000.511.52
- 2026
- +17.6 per 1,000 populationfor every 1,000 people, 17.6 more births than deaths a year
- 2026
- −0.1 per 1,000 population
- Urbanization2026
- 51.1% live in cities19,264,068 urban residents
- Largest cities2025latest available
- Tashkent, Namangan, Samarkand, AndijanRankCity or TownPopulation (2013 estimate)1Tashkent3,112,7482Namangan713,3853Samarkand595,8184Andijan492,4255Nukus344,6906Fergana328,4097Kokand313,5978Qarshi300,7779Bukhara274,80010Margilan257,878Source:
- State Committee of Statistics, Uzbekistan (2013 estimate), via City Population by Thomas Brinkhoff ↗
- Population distribution
- Most of the population is concentrated in the fertile Fergana Valley in the easternmost arm of the country; the south has significant clusters of people, but the central and western deserts are sparsely populated.
- Ethnic groups2017
- Uzbek83.8%Tajik4.8%Kazakh2.5%Russian2.3%Karakalpak2.2%Tatar1.5%Other2.9%
- Religions
- Muslim88.0%Eastern Orthodox9.0%Other3.0%
Muslims are mostly Sunni.
Source:- The World Factbook: Uzbekistan - CIA
- Languages
- Uzbek (Oʻzbekcha, Cyrillic script)
- Population, Population change, Median age, Age structure, Total fertility rate, Net reproduction rate, Natural change, Net migration rate:UN World Population Prospects ↗
- Urbanization:UN World Urbanization Prospects ↗
- Largest cities:State Committee of Statistics, Uzbekistan (2013 estimate), via City Population by Thomas Brinkhoff ↗
- Population distribution, Ethnic groups, Religions:The World Factbook: Uzbekistan - CIA
Government & Administration
- Form of state
- RepublicThe President is head of state, elected by universal, equal and direct suffrage for seven years; the Constitution gives Uzbekistan "a republican form of government" (Arts. 1, 105, 106).Sources:
- System of government
- Semi-presidentialThe President nominates the Prime Minister for approval by the Legislative Chamber (lower house); a two-thirds no-confidence vote removes the Prime Minister and Cabinet, and the President may dissolve either chamber with the Constitutional Court's agreement (Arts. 118, 119, 111).Sources:
- Oʻzbekiston Respublikasining Konstitutsiyasi, 30.04.2023, current edition ↗, Arts. 118, 119, 111
- The Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, unofficial English translation ↗, Arts. 118, 119, 111
- Territorial organisation
- Unitary
- Official websites
- Government
- President
- Parliament (in Uzbek)
- Capital
- Tashkent3 million people(2024)
- National holidays
- 17 days in 2026
- ThuJan 1New Year's Day
- FriJan 2Additional day off by Presidential decree
- SunMar 8Women's Day
- MonMar 9Women's Day (observed)
- FriMar 20Eid al-Fitr (estimated)
- SatMar 21Nowruz
- MonMar 23Nowruz (observed)
- SatMay 9Day of Memory and Honor
- MonMay 11Day of Memory and Honor (observed)
- WedMay 27Eid al-Adha (estimated)
- ThuMay 28Additional day off by Presidential decree
- FriMay 29Additional day off by Presidential decree
- MonAug 31Additional day off by Presidential decree
- TueSep 1Independence Day
- ThuOct 1Teachers and Instructors Day
- TueDec 8Constitution Day
- ThuDec 31Day off (substituted from 12/12/2026)
Nationwide public holidays only, excluding regional, bank and government-only days.
- Time
- UZTUzbekistan Standard TimeUTC+5
- Currency
- Uzbekistani Som (UZS)
- Entry requirements
- Official visa and entry information
- Calling code
- +998
- Internet TLD
- .uz
- ISO 3166-1 codes
- UZ, UZB
- Infrastructure
- Passengers carried
- 4,849,939 by the country's airlines(2023)
- Heliports
- 3
- Aircraft departures
- 29,916 by the country's airlines(2023)
- Air freight
- 96.5 million tonne-km(2023)
- Aircraft registration prefix
- UK
Sources:- The World Factbook: Uzbekistan - CIA
- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Flag carrier
- Uzbekistan Airways (in Russian)State-owned
- Passenger rail
- Uzbekistan Railways
- 2025
- 31 / 100World Rank124thof 182
Significant improverUp 14 points since 2013, when it scored 17.
Confidence intervalCorruption index score by year Year Score Lower bound Upper bound 2012 17 14 20 2013 17 14 20 2014 18 14 22 2015 19 15 23 2016 21 17 25 2017 22 19 25 2018 23 20 26 2019 25 21.7 28.3 2020 26 23.5 28.5 2021 28 25.5 30.5 2022 31 28.2 33.8 2023 33 29.5 36.5 2024 32 28.1 35.9 2025 31 26.5 35.5 Source:- Corruption Perceptions Index 2025 ↗ - Transparency International, CC BY 4.0
- Form of state, System of government, Territorial organisation:Oʻzbekiston Respublikasining Konstitutsiyasi, 30.04.2023, current edition ↗ - Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Uzbekistan (National Database of Legislation)
- Form of state, System of government, Territorial organisation:The Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, unofficial English translation ↗ - Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Uzbekistan (National Database of Legislation)
- National holidays:Open World Holidays Framework (vacanza/holidays) ↗
- Infrastructure:The World Factbook: Uzbekistan - CIA
- Infrastructure:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Corruption Perceptions Index:Corruption Perceptions Index 2025 ↗ - Transparency International, CC BY 4.0
Economy
- Lower middle income
- GDP growth (real)2026
- +7.8% per yearWorld Rank7thof 195
- GDP per capita (PPP)2026
- GDP per capita (nominal)
- $4,575 (132nd in the world)
Source:- 2025
- Services46.5% of GDPIndustry32.5% of GDPAgriculture16.6% of GDPManufacturing20.8%part of industry
- Households
- +64.1%
- Government
- +15.9%
- Investment
- +33.3%
- Exports
- +22%
- Imports
- −35.4%
The shape of the economyGDP by end useSource:- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Inflation2026
- 6.9%down 1.9 percentage points1.9pp from 2025
- Labor force2024
- 14.5 million (40% of population)World Rank43rdof 187
- Labor force participation2024
- 57.7% of people aged 15+
- Unemployment2024
- 4.4%
- Youth unemployment2024
- 10.8% ages 15 to 24
- Labor productivity2024
- $12.9 per hour worked at PPP
- Labor cost2022
- UZS 29,569.50 per hour$2.68 (USD), $9.86 (PPP)
- Budget balance2026
- 1.2% of GDP deficit
- Current account
- 5.1% of GDP, $9.1 billion deficit
Source: - Debt2024
- Government debt32.6% of GDPInterest on debt1% of GDP
- Trade2025
- Goods$23 billion71.3%
- Services$9.3 billion28.7%
- Total exports
- $32.3 billion
- Change from 2024
- up 23.4 percent on the previous year23.4%
Sources:- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- The World Factbook: Uzbekistan - CIA
- 2024
- +0.22World Rank70thof 145
- Projected GDP growth
- +5.4% a year over the next 10 years
Source:- Atlas of Economic Complexity ↗ - Harvard Growth Lab
- Agricultural products2024
- Apricots, Carrots and turnips, Seed cotton (unginned), and 7 more
- 1Apricots26.7×
- 2Carrots and turnips18.4×
- 3Seed cotton (unginned)9.4×
- 4Grapes5.6×
- 5Meat of cattle with the bone (fresh or chilled)3.9×
- 6Watermelons3.8×
- 7Raw milk of cattle3.6×
- 8Apples3.5×
- 9Onions and shallots (dry)3×
- 10Tomatoes2.8×
ProductSource:- FAOSTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Gold reserves2024
- 383 tonnesWorth $32.1 billion, 78% of total official reserves by value
- Industries
- textiles, food processing, machine building, metallurgy, mining, hydrocarbon extraction, chemicals
- Income level, GDP by sector, Trade, Gold reserves:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- GDP (nominal), GDP growth (real), GDP per capita (PPP), Inflation, Budget balance:IMF World Economic Outlook ↗
- Labor force, Labor force participation, Unemployment, Youth unemployment, Labor productivity, Labor cost:ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
- Debt:IMF Global Debt Database ↗
- Debt:IMF Public Finances in Modern History ↗
- Trade, Industries:The World Factbook: Uzbekistan - CIA
- Economic Complexity Index:Atlas of Economic Complexity ↗ - Harvard Growth Lab
- Agricultural products:FAOSTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
Cost of Living
- Cost of living index
- Loading
- Monthly costs (excluding rent)
- Loading
- Rent
- Loading
- Buying an apartment
- Loading
- Average gross salary2022
- UZS 3,882,157 per month$351 (USD), $1,294 (PPP)
- Men
- UZS 4,681,257 per month($424)
- Women
- UZS 3,090,347 per month($280)
Source:- ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
- 2024
- UZS 1,050,000 per month, gross$83 (USD), $311 (PPP)
- Average gross salary, Minimum wage:ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
Society
- 2023
- 0.740HighWorld Rank107thof 193UzbekistanWorld
Human Development Index by year Year Uzbekistan World 2000 0.603 0.651 2001 0.610 0.657 2002 0.618 0.662 2003 0.625 0.669 2004 0.632 0.675 2005 0.638 0.681 2006 0.644 0.688 2007 0.658 0.694 2008 0.663 0.698 2009 0.672 0.701 2010 0.681 0.707 2011 0.686 0.713 2012 0.692 0.717 2013 0.698 0.721 2014 0.703 0.726 2015 0.707 0.731 2016 0.714 0.735 2017 0.719 0.739 2018 0.725 0.741 2019 0.730 0.745 2020 0.723 0.742 2021 0.727 0.742 2022 0.737 0.752 2023 0.740 0.756 Source:- Human Development Report ↗ - United Nations Development Programme
- 2025
- 32.7
- Mean years of schooling2023
- 11.9 years
- Expected for a child today
- 12.5 years
Source:- Human Development Report ↗ - United Nations Development Programme
- Literacy2022
- 100% of adults
- Education expenditure2023
- 5.5% of GDP
- Share of government spending
- 22.6%
Source:- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Internet users2024
- 89.5% of the population
- Households with Internet access
- 96.9%
Source:- ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Mobile subscriptions2024
- 40.2 million
- Fixed telephone lines
- 6,322,641
- Fixed broadband
- 34.7 subscriptions per 100 people
Counts subscriptions, not people.
Source:- ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Credit-card ownership2024
- 7% of adults
- Debit-card ownership
- 53%
- Account at a bank or mobile-money provider
- 60%
- Made or received a digital payment
- 50%
Source:- Global Findex Database ↗ - World Bank
- Refugees hosted2025
- 8,005 people
- Stateless persons
- 20,000
- Refugees from Uzbekistan abroad
- 5,213
Source:- Refugee Data Finder ↗ - UN Refugee Agency
- Inbound tourists2024
- Official tourism site8 million arrivalsWorld Rank35thof 139
- Per resident
- 2.2 arrivals per 10 residents
- All visitors
- 6.7 million arrivals, overnight and same-day(2019, latest available)
- $3.5 billion
- Spending per arrival
- $445
- Share of GDP
- 1.4% tourism direct GDP(2023)
- $5.7 billion
- Hotel beds
- 42,891(2019, latest available)
- Average hotel stay
- 2.2 nights(2019, latest available)
Overnight arrivals by year2020 to 2024A tourist stays at least one night. Arrivals count trips, not people.
Source:- UN Tourism Data Dashboard ↗ - UN Tourism
- UNESCO World Heritage Sites
- 7 sites5 cultural2 natural
Site Type Itchan Kala Cultural Historic Bukhara Cultural Historic Shakhrisyabz Cultural Samarkand - Crossroad of Cultures Cultural Western Tien Shan Natural Cold Winter Deserts of Turan Natural Silk Roads: Zarafshan-Karakum Corridor Cultural Source:- The World Factbook: Uzbekistan - CIA
- Human Development Index, Mean years of schooling:Human Development Report ↗ - United Nations Development Programme
- Income inequality (Gini), Education expenditure:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Literacy:UIS Data Browser ↗ - UNESCO Institute for Statistics
- Internet users, Mobile subscriptions:ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Credit-card ownership:Global Findex Database ↗ - World Bank
- Refugees hosted:Refugee Data Finder ↗ - UN Refugee Agency
- Inbound tourists:UN Tourism Data Dashboard ↗ - UN Tourism
- UNESCO World Heritage Sites:The World Factbook: Uzbekistan - CIA
Crime & Safety
- Travel advisory (US)
- Loading
- Active humanitarian crisisAug 2026
- None - no active crisis
- Homicide rate2021
- Low by global standards1.4 per 100,000 peopleWorld Rank69thof 115
- Crime rates
- 3 offence categories
Offence Per 100,000 Count Year Homicide (victims) 1.4 479 2021 Serious assault 3.9 1,319 2021 Kidnapping 0.2 55 2021 A low figure can also mean weak recording.
Source:- UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
- Prison population2022
- 83 per 100,000 people
- Persons held
- 29,000
Source:- UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
- Active humanitarian crisis:INFORM Severity Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
- Homicide rate, Crime rates, Prison population:UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
Health
- Life expectancy2026
- 72.8 years
- Health expenditure2023
- 6.7% of GDP$192 per person
- Physicians2021
- 2.81 per 1,000 population
- Hospital beds2023
- 4.9 per 1,000 population
- Infant mortality2026
- 11.6 per 1,000 live births
- Maternal mortality2023
- 26 per 100,000 live births
- Alcohol consumption2022
- 2.1 litres of pure alcohol per adult per year
- Tobacco use2015latest available
- 19.8% of adults
- Men
- 38.5%
- Women
- 1.2%
Source:- Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Alcohol and Tobacco Spending2023
- 3.2% of household spendingWorld Rank48thof 105
- World median
- 3.1%
Source:- The World Factbook: Uzbekistan - CIA
- Road traffic deaths2019
- 11.7 per 100,000 population
- Life expectancy, Infant mortality:UN World Population Prospects ↗
- Health expenditure, Physicians, Hospital beds, Road traffic deaths:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Maternal mortality:Maternal mortality estimates ↗ - UN Maternal Mortality Estimation Inter-agency Group
- Alcohol consumption, Tobacco use:Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Alcohol and Tobacco Spending:The World Factbook: Uzbekistan - CIA
Environment
- CO₂ emissions2024
- 148.5 Mt per yearup 12 percent on the previous year12% from 2023
- CO₂ per capita
- 4.3 t per personWorld Rank69thof 207
- Share of global CO₂
- 0.37%
- Methane (CH₄)
- 64.3 Mt CO₂-eq
- Nitrous oxide (N₂O)
- 14.4 Mt CO₂-eq
- Fluorinated gases
- 0.26 Mt CO₂-eq
- All greenhouse gases
- 227.5 Mt CO₂-eq
Source:- Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ↗ - European Commission, Joint Research Centre
- 2024
- 24.3 µg/m³ of PM2.51.9 years of life expectancy lost against the WHO guidelineMost polluted43rdof 236
- WHO guideline
- 5 µg/m³
Source:- Air Quality Life Index ↗ - Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago
- Environmental issues
- growing concentrations of chemical pesticides and natural salts in the shrinking Aral Sea
- desertification
- water pollution and soil salination from industrial wastes and the heavy use of fertilizers and pesticides
- soil contamination from buried nuclear processing and agricultural chemicals
Source:- The World Factbook: Uzbekistan - CIA
- International agreements
- 14 of 20 landmark treaties in forceParty to 57 multilateral environmental agreements
Treaty Standing Joined Climate Paris Agreement in force 2018 UN Framework Convention on Climate Change in force 1994 Kyoto Protocol in force 2005 Ozone layer Montreal Protocol in force 1993 Vienna Convention (Ozone Layer) in force 1993 Biodiversity Convention on Biological Diversity in force 1995 CITES in force 1997 Convention on Migratory Species (Bonn) in force 1998 Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety in force 2020 Nagoya Protocol not a party Land and heritage Ramsar Convention on Wetlands in force 2002 World Heritage Convention in force 1993 UN Convention to Combat Desertification in force 1996 Chemicals and waste Basel Convention in force 1996 Rotterdam Convention (PIC) not a party Stockholm Convention (POPs) in force 2019 Minamata Convention on Mercury not a party Oceans UN Convention on the Law of the Sea not a party High Seas Treaty (BBNJ) not a party MARPOL 73/78 not a party Source:- International Environmental Agreements Database ↗ - Université Laval
- CO₂ emissions:Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ↗ - European Commission, Joint Research Centre
- Air pollution:Air Quality Life Index ↗ - Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago
- Environmental issues:The World Factbook: Uzbekistan - CIA
- International agreements:International Environmental Agreements Database ↗ - Université Laval
Food & Water
- No access to safe drinking water2022
- 12.7% of the population
- Renewable water2022
- 49 billion m³ per year
- Per person
- 1,399 m³ per year
- Dependency ratio
- 80% originates outside the country
- Annual water withdrawal
- 45 billion m³ per year
- Withdrawn for agriculture
- 92%
- Water stress
- 123% of available freshwater withdrawn
Source:- AQUASTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Undernourishment2022
- 2.6% of the population800,000 people
- Obesity2024
- 31.2% of adults
- Men
- 28.3%
- Women
- 33.7%
Source:- Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Underweight children2021
- 1.8% of children under five
- No access to safe drinking water, Renewable water:AQUASTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Undernourishment:Food security indicators (FAOSTAT) ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Obesity:Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Underweight children:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
Energy
- Energy consumption2024
- Per capita
- 66.6 GJ per person
- Share of world total
- 0.38%
- Supply
- Deficitproduces 80% of what it consumes, 2024
Source:- International Energy Statistics ↗ - U.S. Energy Information Administration
- Electricity2024
- Net importer, net 3.3 TWh in 2024, 4.4% of consumption76 TWh generated per year
- Generation
- 76 TWh per year
- Consumption
- 75 TWh per year
- Imports
- 5 TWh per year
- Exports
- 1.7 TWh per year
- Net
- −3.3 TWh per year
Source:- International Energy Statistics ↗ - U.S. Energy Information Administration
- Oil, gas & coal
- Deficitproduces 34% of what it consumes, 2024Oil reserves2025594 million barrelsWorld Rank46thof 99Imports201824,040 b/d
Oil imports and exports count crude oil only.
- Energy consumption, Electricity, Oil, gas & coal:International Energy Statistics ↗ - U.S. Energy Information Administration
- Oil, gas & coal:Worldwide Oil and Gas Survey ↗ - Oil & Gas Journal
Defense
- Military expenditure2018latest available
- 2.9% of GDP$1.4 billion, 11.1% of government spending
- Military personnel2025
- estimated 50,000active Armed ForcesLimited information.
- Military service2025
- Conscriptionmen 18–27, 12 months; voluntary or contract men and women 18–30
Those conscripted have the option of paying for a shorter service of one month while remaining in the reserves until the age of 27; Uzbek citizens who have completed their service terms in the armed forces have privileges in employment and admission to higher educational institutions.
Source:- The World Factbook: Uzbekistan - CIA
- Space program2025
- Space Research and Technology Agency (UzCosmos or UzSpace; established 2019)
Has a small but growing space effort focused on acquiring satellites and developing the country’s space industries and technologies in key sectors, including cartography, data processing, environmental and disaster monitoring, land use, resource management, and telecommunications; recognized for its astronomy program; member of international space organizations; cooperates with foreign space agencies or commercial companies from a variety of countries, including those of Canada, China, France, India, Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, Russia, South Korea, Spain, Turkey, and the UAE
- 2018
- Signed space cooperation agreements with France and India
- 2022
- Signed space cooperation agreement with Kazakhstan
- 2025
- Uzbek engineers began two-year satellite development training program in Japan with goal of building country's first satellite; signed space cooperation agreement with South Korea; announced development of 10-year national space program
Key milestones
Uzcosmos operates under the Ministry of Digital Technologies
Source:- The World Factbook: Uzbekistan - CIA
- Nuclear weapons2026
- None - no nuclear arsenal
- Military expenditure:SIPRI Military Expenditure Database ↗ - Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
- Military expenditure:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Military personnel, Military service, Space program:The World Factbook: Uzbekistan - CIA
- Nuclear weapons:Status of World Nuclear Forces ↗ - Federation of American Scientists
