Russia

Official name (in Russian)

Российская Федерация

Official name (in Russian, Romanized)

Rossiyskaya Federatsiya / Rossiya

Name etymology

Russian lands were referred to as Muscovy until PETER I declared the Empire of All Russias in 1721; the new name aimed at identifying the new Russia with European political tradition; "Rus" was the Old Finnish name given to Varangians (eastern Vikings) who entered the area in the 9th century

DesignMeaningHistory

The State Flag of the Russian Federation is a rectangular panel of three equal horizontal stripes: the upper one white, the middle one blue and the lower one red. The ratio of the width of the flag to its length is 2:3.

Unofficial translation by Worldometer

EnglishRussian

Title (in Russian)

Государственный гимн Российской Федерации

Title (in Russian, Romanized)

Gosudarstvenny Gimn Rossiyskoy Federatsii

Title (in English, translated)

National Anthem of the Russian Federation

Lyrics

RussianRomanizedEnglish

1

Россия – священная наша держава, Россия – любимая наша страна. Могучая воля, великая слава – Твое достоянье на все времена!

Chorus

Славься, Отечество наше свободное, Братских народов союз вековой, Предками данная мудрость народная! Славься, страна! Мы гордимся тобой!

2

От южных морей до полярного края Раскинулись наши леса и поля. Одна ты на свете! Одна ты такая – Хранимая Богом родная земля!

Славься, Отечество наше свободное,

3

Широкий простор для мечты и для жизни Грядущие нам открывают года. Нам силу дает наша верность Отчизне. Так было, так есть и так будет всегда!

Славься, Отечество наше свободное,

Land area

16,377,742 km²

Water area

720,500 km²

Kazakhstan

7,644 km

China

4,179 km

southeast 4,133 kmsouth 46 km

Mongolia

3,452 km

Ukraine

1,944 km

Belarus

1,312 km

Finland

1,309 km

Georgia

894 km

Azerbaijan

338 km

Latvia

332 km

Estonia

324 km

Lithuania

261 km(Kaliningrad Oblast)

Poland

209 km(Kaliningrad Oblast)

Norway

191 km

North Korea

18 km

Avg. temperature

−3.4 °C

Avg. daily range

−7.9 to 0.6 °C

Annual precipitation

584 mm

Temperature °CMeanDaily range

°C°F

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Precipitation mm

Monthly climate normals

Month	Avg. high, °C	Mean, °C	Avg. low, °C	Precipitation, mm
January	−19.2	−22.5	−26.2	27
February	−16.2	−20.2	−24.6	23
March	−7.9	−12.5	−17.7	30
April	1.2	−3.3	−8.6	37
May	9.6	5.3	0.2	54
June	17.6	13	7.8	70
July	20.6	16.1	11	80
August	17.8	13.3	8.6	79
September	10.7	6.5	2.4	62
October	0.6	−2.9	−6.5	52
November	−11	−14.3	−17.8	39
December	−17.6	−20.8	−24.2	32

Country-wide averages over 1991–2020.

Arable land

121,649,000 hectares (7.4%)

Permanent crops

2,000,000 hectares (0.1%)

Permanent meadows & pastures

92,052,000 hectares (5.6%)

Forest

830,950,838 hectares (50.7%)

Other land

588,684,162 hectares (35.9%)

Birth rate

8.5 per 1,000 population

Death rate

13.0 per 1,000 population

Net migration rate

+2.3 per 1,000 population

MaleAgeFemale

80+70-7960-6950-5940-4930-3920-2910-190-9

% of total population

Population by age group, % of total population

Age	Male	Female
80+	0.8%	2.5%
70-79	2.9%	5.7%
60-69	5.2%	7.5%
50-59	5.8%	6.8%
40-49	7.6%	8.1%
30-39	7.1%	7.1%
20-29	5.2%	5.0%
10-19	6.5%	6.1%
0-9	5.2%	4.9%

Share aged 65 and over

18.4%

Share aged under 18

20.3%

Total dependency ratio

54

Youth dependency ratio

26

Elderly dependency ratio

28

Sex ratio

0.86 male / female

Nearly 200 national or ethnic groups are represented in Russia's 2010 census.

Russia has large populations of non-practicing believers and non-believers.

The President is head of state, elected by citizens by direct suffrage for six years; the Constitution calls Russia a "federal law-governed state with a republican form of government" (Arts. 1, 80, 81).

The President appoints the Chairman of the Government after State Duma (lower house) approval and may dismiss the Government at will; it works under the President's general leadership, and repeated Duma no-confidence votes can lead to the Duma's dissolution (Arts. 110, 111, 117, 109).

1. ThuJan 1New Year Holidays
2. FriJan 2New Year Holidays
3. SatJan 3New Year Holidays
4. SunJan 4New Year Holidays
5. MonJan 5New Year Holidays
6. TueJan 6New Year Holidays
7. WedJan 7Christmas Day
8. ThuJan 8New Year Holidays
9. MonFeb 23Defender of the Fatherland Day
10. SunMar 8International Women's Day
11. FriMay 1Holiday of Spring and Labor
12. SatMay 9Victory Day
13. FriJun 12Russia Day
14. WedNov 4Unity Day

Nationwide public holidays only, excluding regional, bank and government-only days.

World average 42

highly corruptvery clean

Significant declinerDown 8 points since 2020, when it scored 30.

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Confidence interval

Corruption index score by year

Year	Score	Lower bound	Upper bound
2012	28	25	32
2013	28	24	32
2014	27	23	31
2015	29	25	33
2016	29	24	33
2017	29	25	33
2018	28	24	32
2019	28	23.9	32.1
2020	30	27.8	32.2
2021	29	26.6	31.4
2022	28	25.2	30.8
2023	26	23.6	28.4
2024	22	19.5	24.5
2025	22	19.6	24.4

GDP per capita (nominal)

$19,953 (66th in the world)

The shape of the economy

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GDP by end use

Households

+51.3%

Government

+19.1%

Investment

+25.9%

Exports

+18.2%

Imports

−15.5%

Current account

3.8% of GDP, $108 billion surplus

Projected GDP growth

+1% a year over the next 10 years

By specializationBy volume

ProductSpecialization index

1. 1Sunflower seed12.9×
2. 2Peas (dry)9×
3. 3Sugar beet6.2×
4. 4Oats5.2×
5. 5Barley4.6×
6. 6Wheat4.1×
7. 7Rape or colza seed2.1×
8. 8Potatoes1.9×
9. 9Meat of chickens (fresh or chilled)1.7×
10. 10Raw milk of cattle1.6×

Men

RUB 67,056 per month($910)

Women

RUB 48,594 per month($660)

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RussiaWorld

Human Development Index by year

Year	Russia	World
1990	0.762	0.608
1991	0.758	0.611
1992	0.744	0.614
1993	0.725	0.617
1994	0.712	0.620
1995	0.713	0.625
1996	0.723	0.631
1997	0.734	0.636
1998	0.738	0.641
1999	0.740	0.646
2000	0.750	0.651
2001	0.758	0.657
2002	0.764	0.662
2003	0.772	0.669
2004	0.777	0.675
2005	0.780	0.681
2006	0.791	0.688
2007	0.802	0.694
2008	0.807	0.698
2009	0.805	0.701
2010	0.808	0.707
2011	0.822	0.713
2012	0.825	0.717
2013	0.830	0.721
2014	0.831	0.726
2015	0.833	0.731
2016	0.835	0.735
2017	0.838	0.739
2018	0.845	0.741
2019	0.847	0.745
2020	0.818	0.742
2021	0.813	0.742
2022	0.826	0.752
2023	0.832	0.756

Expected for a child today

13.2 years

Share of government spending

14.3%

Households with Internet access

87.9%

Fixed telephone lines

20,816,334

Fixed broadband

25.8 subscriptions per 100 people

Counts subscriptions, not people.

Debit-card ownership

65%

Account at a bank or mobile-money provider

90%

Mobile-money account

33%

Made or received a digital payment

87%

Asylum seekers

1,279

Stateless persons

89,027

Internally displaced persons

606580 due to conflicts, 26 due to disasters

Refugees from Russia abroad

97,534

Same-day visitors

1.7 million arrivals(2015, latest available)

Visitor spending in the country

$8.6 billion(2024)

Share of GDP

2.8% tourism direct GDP(2023)

Residents' spending abroad

$41.4 billion(2024)

Hotel beds

1.3 million(2018, latest available)

Overnight and same-day visits are not published separately. Arrivals count trips, not people.

Site	Type
Historic Centre of Saint Petersburg and Related Groups of Monuments	Cultural
Kizhi Pogost	Cultural
Kremlin and Red Square, Moscow	Cultural
Historic Monuments of Novgorod and Surroundings	Cultural
White Monuments of Vladimir and Suzdal	Cultural
Architectural Ensemble of the Trinity Sergius Lavra in Sergiev Posad	Cultural
Church of the Ascension, Kolomenskoye	Cultural
Lake Baikal	Natural
Volcanoes of Kamchatka	Natural
Ensemble of the Ferapontov Monastery	Cultural
Historic and Architectural Complex of the Kazan Kremlin	Cultural
Citadel, Ancient City and Fortress Buildings of Derbent	Cultural
Uvs Nuur Basin	Natural
Ensemble of the Novodevichy Convent	Cultural
Natural System of Wrangel Island Reserve	Natural
Historical Centre of the City of Yaroslavl	Cultural
Lena Pillars Nature Park	Natural
Bolgar Historical and Archaeological Complex	Cultural
Assumption Cathedral and Monastery of the town-island of Sviyazhsk	Cultural
Churches of the Pskov School of Architecture	Cultural
Petroglyphs of Lake Onega and the White Sea	Cultural
Rock Paintings of Shulgan-Tash Cave	Cultural

The Factbook names 22 of the 33 sites.

A low figure can also mean weak recording.

Persons held

353,050

Men

36.3%

Women

18.6%

World median

3.1%

CO₂ per capita

14.1 t per person

World Rank15thof 207

Share of global CO₂

5.1%

Methane (CH₄)

416.9 Mt CO₂-eq

Nitrous oxide (N₂O)

87.5 Mt CO₂-eq

Fluorinated gases

62 Mt CO₂-eq

All greenhouse gases

2,575.7 Mt CO₂-eq

WHO guideline

5 µg/m³

National standard

25 µg/m³

Treaty	Standing	Joined
Climate
Paris Agreement	in force	2019
UN Framework Convention on Climate Change	in force	1995
Kyoto Protocol	in force	2005
Ozone layer
Montreal Protocol	in force	1989
Vienna Convention (Ozone Layer)	in force	1988
Biodiversity
Convention on Biological Diversity	in force	1995
CITES	in force	1976
Convention on Migratory Species (Bonn)	not a party
Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety	not a party
Nagoya Protocol	not a party
Land and heritage
Ramsar Convention on Wetlands	in force	1977
World Heritage Convention	in force	1989
UN Convention to Combat Desertification	in force	2003
Chemicals and waste
Basel Convention	in force	1995
Rotterdam Convention (PIC)	in force	2011
Stockholm Convention (POPs)	in force	2011
Minamata Convention on Mercury	signed 2014, not ratified
Oceans
UN Convention on the Law of the Sea	in force	1997
High Seas Treaty (BBNJ)	not a party
MARPOL 73/78	in force	1984

Per person

31,086 m³ per year

Dependency ratio

5% originates outside the country

Annual water withdrawal

65 billion m³ per year

Withdrawn for agriculture

29%

Water stress

4% of available freshwater withdrawn

Men

16.6%

Women

18%

Per capita

249.8 GJ per person

Share of world total

5.7%

Supply

Surplusproduces 1.8× what it consumes, 2024

OverviewBy source

Generation

1,160 TWh per year

Consumption

1,045 TWh per year

Imports

1.6 TWh per year

Exports

18 TWh per year

Net

+16 TWh per year

USGS estimates. Shows only minerals where the country is a major producer.

In September 2024, President Putin ordered the Russian military to increase in size to 1.5 million personnel.

In 2022, Russia removed the previous upper age limit of 30 for contractual service in the military; that same year, began drafting dual-national Russians and those with permanent residency status in foreign countries for military service.Since 2015, foreigners 18-30 with a good command of Russian have been allowed to join the military on five-year contracts and become eligible for Russian citizenship after serving three years; in 2022, Russia began recruiting foreigners for one-year service contracts with armed forces participating in the invasion of Ukraine with the promise of simplifying the process of obtaining Russian citizenship.

Launch sites

Baikonur Cosmodrome (Kazakhstan); Vostochny Cosmodrome (Amur Oblast); Plesetsk Cosmodrome (Arkhangel'sk Oblast)

Key milestones

1957

Placed world’s first satellite (Sputnik-1) in orbit

1961-1964

Launched first man, first woman, and first multi-member crew into space

1965

Launched first probe to successfully land on the Moon

1967

Initial launch of Soviet-made Soyuz series space launch vehicle (SLV)

1971

Placed first space station (Salyut) in orbit and successfully landed a probe on Venus

1975

Joint Soviet (Soyuz)-US (Apollo) space mission

1986

Began operation of Mir space station (in orbit until 2001)

1995

Global Navigation Satellite System (GLObalnaya NAvigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema or GLONASS) constellation completed

2014

Initial launch of Angara SLV series

2021

Announced agreements with China to send a robotic probe to an asteroid and jointly establish a station on the Moon

2023

Launch first of a planned series of Moon landers (Luna-25; crashed on Moon's surface); announced intent to place first module of a new space station in orbit by 2027

Russia’s space strategy is defined jointly by Roscosmos and the Ministry of DefenseRoscosmos was established from a merger of the Federal Space Agency and the state-owned United Rocket and Space Corporation; it began as the Russian Space Agency (RSA or RKA) in 1992 and restructured in 1999 and 2004 as the Russian Aviation and Space Agency and then the Federal Space Agencythe Baikonur cosmodrome and the surrounding area are leased and administered by Russia until 2050 for approximately $115 million/year; the cosmodrome was originally built by the Soviet Union in the mid-1950s and is the site of the World's first successful satellite launch (Sputnik) in 1957; it is also the largest space launch facility in the World, comprising 15 launch pads for space launch vehicles, four launch pads for testing intercontinental ballistic missiles, more than 10 assembly and test facilities, and other infrastructurein 2018, Kazakhstan and Russia agreed that Kazakhstan would build, maintain, and operate a new space launch facility (Baiterek) at the Baikonur space center (estimated to be ready for operations in 2025)

Approximate FAS estimates. Parts may not sum.