National Identity
- Official name
- Republic of Mali
- Official name (in Bambara)
- Mali Ka Fasojamana
- Name etymology
name derives from the Mali Empire of the 13th to 16th centuries A.D.; the Mali name may come from a local ethnic group, the Malinke, whose name is derived from the words ma, meaning "mother," and dink, meaning "child" -- a reference to the matrilinear descent of Malinke families
Sources:- Official Gazette of the Republic of Mali - General Secretariat of the Government - Decree no. 2023-0401/PT-RM of July 22, 2023 on the promulgation of the Constitution ↗ - General Secretariat of the Government of Mali - Official Gazette
- The World Factbook: Mali - CIA
- National emblem
- National flag
Translated from the General Secretariat of the Government of Mali The national emblem is the tricolour flag composed of three (03) vertical and equal bands of the colours green, gold and red.
Unofficial translation by WorldometerTranslated from the General Secretariat of the Government of Mali LAW No. 61-26 A.N.-B.M. amending the Consti- tution of 22 September 1960 of the Republic of Mali. [...] Article 1. — Paragraph 5 of Article 1 of the Cons- titution of 22 September 1960 of the Republic of Mali is amended as follows:
Instead of:
The Flag is composed of three vertical and equal bands of the colours green, gold and red.
It bears in black on the gold band the ideogram of Man with arms raised towards the sky.
Read:
The Flag is composed of three vertical and equal bands of the colours green, gold and red.
Unofficial translation by WorldometerSources:- sgg-mali.ml ↗ - the General Secretariat of the Government of Mali
- sgg-mali.ml ↗ - the General Secretariat of the Government of Mali
- National anthem
- Le Mali1:19
- Title (in French)
- Le Mali
- Title (in English, translated)
- Mali
- Unofficial title (in French)
- Pour L’Afrique et pour toi, Mali
- Unofficial title (in English, translated)
- For Africa and for You, Mali
- Unofficial title (in French)
- A ton appel Mali
- Unofficial title (in English, translated)
- At Your Call, Mali
- Lyrics
1A ton appel Mali Pour ta prospérité Fidèle à ton destin Nous serons tous unis Un Peuple un But une Foi Pour une Afrique Unie Si l’ennemi découvre son front Au dedans ou au dehors Debout sur les remparts Nous sommes résolus de mourir
ChorusPour l’Afrique et pour toi Mali Notre drapeau sera liberté Pour l’Afrique et pour toi Mali Notre combat sera unité O Mali d’aujourd’hui O Mali de demain Les champs fleurissent d’espérance Les cœurs vibrent de confiance
2Debout villes et campagnes Debout Femmes Jeunes et Vieux Pour la Patrie en marche Vers l’avenir radieux Pour notre dignité Renforçons bien nos rangs Pour le salut public Forgeons le bien commun Ensemble au coude à coude Faisons le chantier du bonheur
Pour l’Afrique et pour toi Mali3La voie est dure très dure Qui mène au bonheur commun Courage et dévouement Vigilance à tout moment Courage et dévouement Vigilance à tout moment Vérité des temps anciens Vérité de tous les jours Le bonheur par le labeur Fera le Mali de demain
Pour l’Afrique et pour toi Mali4L’Afrique se lève enfin Saluons ce jour nouveau Saluons la liberté Marchons vers l’Unité Dignité retrouvée Soutient notre combat Fidèles à notre serment De faire l’Afrique unie Ensemble, debout mes frères Tous au rendez-vous de l’honneur.
Pour l’Afrique et pour toi MaliSource: - Citizens
- Malians
- Official name:Official Gazette of the Republic of Mali - General Secretariat of the Government - Decree no. 2023-0401/PT-RM of July 22, 2023 on the promulgation of the Constitution ↗ - General Secretariat of the Government of Mali - Official Gazette
- Official name, Citizens:The World Factbook: Mali - CIA
- National flag:sgg-mali.ml ↗ - the General Secretariat of the Government of Mali
- National flag:sgg-mali.ml ↗ - the General Secretariat of the Government of Mali
- National anthem:nationalanthems.info ↗
Geography
- Location
- interior Western Africa, southwest of Algeria, north of Guinea, Cote d'Ivoire, and Burkina Faso, west of Niger
- Total area
- 1,240,192 km²
- Land area
- 1,220,190 km²
- Water area
- 20,002 km²
- Land borders
- 7,908 km(7 countries)
- Mauritania
- 2,236 km
- Algeria
- 1,359 km
- Burkina Faso
- 1,325 km
- Guinea
- 1,062 km
- Niger
- 838 km
- Côte d'Ivoire
- 599 km
- Senegal
- 489 km
Source:- The World Factbook: Mali - CIA
- Coastline
- 0 km(Landlocked)
- Terrain
Mostly flat to rolling northern plains covered by sand; savanna in south, rugged hills in northeast - Mean elevation
- 343 m
- Highest point
- 1,155 mHombori Tondo
- Lowest point
- 23 mSenegal River
- Climate
Subtropical to arid hot and dry (February to June); rainy, humid, and mild (June to November); cool and dry (November to February) - Avg. temperature
- 28.7 °C
- Avg. daily range
- 22.2 to 35.1 °C
- Annual precipitation
- 248 mm
Temperature °CMeanDaily rangePrecipitation mmMonthly climate normals Month Avg. high, °C Mean, °C Avg. low, °C Precipitation, mm January 27.7 20.7 14 1 February 31 23.8 16.7 1 March 34.8 27.7 20.2 1 April 38.3 31.4 23.9 3 May 40 33.6 26.8 10 June 40 34.1 27.8 23 July 38.1 32.6 27.1 58 August 36.5 31.4 26.3 87 September 37 31.4 25.9 49 October 36.3 30 23.7 15 November 32.8 25.7 18.7 1 December 28.9 21.8 15.1 0 Country-wide averages over 1991–2020.
Sources:- The World Factbook: Mali - CIA
- Climate Change Knowledge Portal (ERA5 reanalysis) ↗ - World Bank
- Weather
- Loading
- Land use2023
- Arable6.8%Perm. crops0.2%Pasture28.4%Forest8.8%Other55.8%
- Arable land
- 8,341,000 hectares (6.8%)
- Permanent crops
- 298,489 hectares (0.2%)
- Permanent meadows & pastures
- 34,640,000 hectares (28.4%)
- Forest
- 10,680,342 hectares (8.8%)
- Other land
- 68,059,169 hectares (55.8%)
Source: - Major lakes
- Lac Faguibine590 km²
- Natural hazards2026
- River floods7.9Very high#21/191Drought7.4Very high#11/191Epidemics6.8Very high#29/191Earthquakes0.1Very low#127/191Tsunamis0.0Very lowTropical cyclones0.0Very lowCoastal floods0.0Very low
Scores out of 10, ranks out of 191 countries.
Source:- INFORM Risk Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
- Location, Land borders, Coastline, Terrain, Mean elevation, Highest point, Lowest point, Climate, Major rivers, Major lakes:The World Factbook: Mali - CIA
- Climate:Climate Change Knowledge Portal (ERA5 reanalysis) ↗ - World Bank
- Land use:FAOSTAT Land Use domain ↗ - FAO
- Natural hazards:INFORM Risk Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
Demographics
- Population change2026
- +2.91% per year+733,454 people/yearWorld Rank11thof 237
- Birth rate
- 38.8 per 1,000 population
- Death rate
- 8.2 per 1,000 population
- Net migration rate
- −2.0 per 1,000 population
- 2026
- 15.9 yearsWorld Rank232ndof 237
- Age structure2026
- 0-14 years45.4%15-64 years52.2%65 years +2.3%
- Share aged 65 and over
- 2.3%
- Share aged under 18
- 52.6%
- Total dependency ratio
- 91
- Youth dependency ratio
- 87
- Elderly dependency ratio
- 4
- Sex ratio
- 1.02 male / female
MaleAgeFemalePopulation by age group, % of total population Age Male Female 80+ 0.1% 0.1% 70-79 0.5% 0.6% 60-69 1.1% 1.2% 50-59 2.2% 2.2% 40-49 3.9% 3.8% 30-39 5.5% 5.3% 20-29 8.4% 8.1% 10-19 12.6% 12.3% 0-9 16.2% 15.9% - 2026
- 2.93 above the replacement level for Mali ()5.33 births per womanreplacement 2.40123456World Rank6thof 237
- 2.26 daughters per woman1.26 above replacement, long-run each generation larger than the lastreplacement 1.000.511.522.5
- 2026
- +30.5 per 1,000 populationfor every 1,000 people, 30.5 more births than deaths a year
- 2026
- −2.0 per 1,000 population
- Urbanization2026
- 32.8% live in cities8,510,626 urban residents
- Largest cities2023
- Bamako, Sikasso, Kayes, KoutialaRankCity or LocalityPopulation (2023 estimate)1Bamako4,170,0052Sikasso434,7173Kayes217,9434Koutiala214,2715Ségou194,2736Kati185,9547Gao141,9298Mopti132,6689San119,68110Bougouni111,150Source:
- National Institute of Statistics, Mali (2023 estimate), via City Population by Thomas Brinkhoff ↗
- Population distribution
- The overwhelming majority of the population lives in the southern half of the country, with greater density along the border with Burkina Faso.
- Ethnic groups2018
- Bambara33.3%Fulani (Peuhl)13.3%Sarakole/Soninke/Marka9.8%Senufo/Manianka9.6%Malinke8.8%Dogon8.7%Sonrai5.9%Bobo2.1%Tuareg/Bella1.7%Other Malian6.0%From members of Economic Community of West Africa0.4%Other0.3%
- Religions2018
- Muslim93.9%Christian2.8%Animist0.7%None2.5%
- Languages
- Bambara (Bamanankan)
- Population, Population change, Median age, Age structure, Total fertility rate, Net reproduction rate, Natural change, Net migration rate:UN World Population Prospects ↗
- Urbanization:UN World Urbanization Prospects ↗
- Largest cities:National Institute of Statistics, Mali (2023 estimate), via City Population by Thomas Brinkhoff ↗
- Population distribution, Ethnic groups, Religions:The World Factbook: Mali - CIA
Government & Administration
- Form of state
- RepublicThe President of the Republic is head of state, elected by direct universal suffrage for five years and re-eligible only once (Arts. 43, 45).
- System of government
- PresidentialThe Government is responsible to the President, not Parliament (Arts. 57, 78). Under the revised Transition Charter of July 2025, the transitional President, a military officer in office since the armed forces took power in 2021, holds a renewable five-year mandate.
- Territorial organisation
- Unitary
- Transitional arrangement
- Yes
- Official websites
- Government (in French)
- Capital
- Bamako4.2 million people(2022)
- National holidays
- 12 days in 2026
- ThuJan 1New Year's Day
- TueJan 20Armed Forces Day
- FriMar 20Eid al-Fitr (estimated)
- ThuMar 26Martyrs' Day
- MonApr 6Easter Monday
- FriMay 1Labor Day
- MonMay 25Africa Day
- WedMay 27Eid al-Adha (estimated)
- TueAug 25Prophet's Birthday (estimated)
- TueSep 1Prophet's Baptism (estimated)
- TueSep 22National Day of the Republic of Mali
- FriDec 25Christmas Day
Nationwide public holidays only, excluding regional, bank and government-only days.
- Time
- GMTGreenwich Mean TimeUTC+0
- Currency
- West African CFA Franc (XOF)
- Calling code
- +223
- Internet TLD
- .ml
- ISO 3166-1 codes
- ML, MLI
- Infrastructure
- Railways593 km
- Heliports
- 4
- Aircraft registration prefix
- TZ, TT
Source:- The World Factbook: Mali - CIA
- 2025
- 28 / 100World Rank136thof 182
Significant declinerDown 7 points since 2015, when it scored 35.
Confidence intervalCorruption index score by year Year Score Lower bound Upper bound 2012 34 27 40 2013 28 23 33 2014 32 26 38 2015 35 32 38 2016 32 29 35 2017 31 28 34 2018 32 30 34 2019 29 24.7 33.3 2020 30 27.5 32.5 2021 29 26.6 31.4 2022 28 25.3 30.7 2023 28 25.6 30.4 2024 27 23.2 30.8 2025 28 24.5 31.5 Source:- Corruption Perceptions Index 2025 ↗ - Transparency International, CC BY 4.0
- Form of state, System of government, Territorial organisation, Transitional arrangement:Constitution du 22 juillet 2023, promulguée par le Décret n°2023-0401/PT-RM du 22 juillet 2023, Journal officiel de la République du Mali, Spécial N°13, 22 juillet 2023 ↗ - General Secretariat of the Government of Mali
- National holidays:Open World Holidays Framework (vacanza/holidays) ↗
- Infrastructure:The World Factbook: Mali - CIA
- Corruption Perceptions Index:Corruption Perceptions Index 2025 ↗ - Transparency International, CC BY 4.0
Economy
- Low income
- GDP growth (real)2026
- +5.5% per yearWorld Rank26thof 195
- GDP per capita (PPP)2026
- GDP per capita (nominal)
- $1,343 (174th in the world)
Source:- 2025
- Services36.6% of GDPIndustry23.4% of GDPAgriculture33% of GDPManufacturing7.5%part of industry
- Households
- +71.5%
- Government
- +13.1%
- Investment
- +20%
- Exports
- +22.1%
- Imports
- −26.7%
The shape of the economyGDP by end useSource:- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Inflation2026
- 3%up 0.7 percentage points0.7pp from 2025
- Labor force2024
- 8.9 million (36% of population)World Rank60thof 187
- Labor force participation2024
- 67.2% of people aged 15+
- Unemployment2024
- 2.9%
- Youth unemployment2024
- 3.8% ages 15 to 24
- Labor productivity2024
- $3.6 per hour worked at PPP
- Budget balance2026
- 2.8% of GDP deficit
- Current account
- 3.4% of GDP, $1.2 billion deficit
Source: - Debt2024
- Central government debt51.8% of GDP
- Trade2024
- Goods$5.5 billion91.4%
- Services$516.4 million8.6%
- Total exports
- $6 billion
- Change from 2023
- down 2.2 percent on the previous year2.2%
Sources:- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- The World Factbook: Mali - CIA
- 2024
- −0.95World Rank115thof 145
- Projected GDP growth
- +4.7% a year over the next 10 years
Source:- Atlas of Economic Complexity ↗ - Harvard Growth Lab
- Agricultural products2024
- Onions and shallots (green), Raw milk of camel, Millet, and 7 more
- 1Onions and shallots (green)82.8×
- 2Raw milk of camel38.9×
- 3Millet35.1×
- 4Okra27×
- 5Sorghum13.9×
- 6Cow peas (dry)13×
- 7Raw milk of sheep12×
- 8Raw milk of goats8×
- 9Mangoes and guavas and mangosteens5.6×
- 10Seed cotton (unginned)4.8×
ProductSource:- FAOSTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Industries
- food processing
- construction
- phosphate and gold mining
- Income level, GDP by sector, Trade:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- GDP (nominal), GDP growth (real), GDP per capita (PPP), Inflation, Budget balance:IMF World Economic Outlook ↗
- Labor force, Labor force participation, Unemployment, Youth unemployment, Labor productivity:ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
- Debt:IMF Global Debt Database ↗
- Trade, Industries:The World Factbook: Mali - CIA
- Economic Complexity Index:Atlas of Economic Complexity ↗ - Harvard Growth Lab
- Agricultural products:FAOSTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
Cost of Living
- Average gross salary2024
- F CFA 106,710 per month$176 (USD), $555 (PPP)
- Median
- F CFA 70,000 per month($115)
- Men
- F CFA 117,376 per month($194)
- Women
- F CFA 68,563 per month($113)
Source:- ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
- 2024
- F CFA 40,000 per month, gross$66 (USD), $208 (PPP)
- Share of the average gross salary
- 37%
Source:- ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
- Average gross salary, Minimum wage:ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
Society
- 2023
- 0.419LowWorld Rank188thof 193MaliWorld
Human Development Index by year Year Mali World 1990 0.240 0.608 1991 0.247 0.611 1992 0.251 0.614 1993 0.259 0.617 1994 0.266 0.620 1995 0.273 0.625 1996 0.282 0.631 1997 0.293 0.636 1998 0.303 0.641 1999 0.314 0.646 2000 0.320 0.651 2001 0.332 0.657 2002 0.340 0.662 2003 0.352 0.669 2004 0.359 0.675 2005 0.368 0.681 2006 0.377 0.688 2007 0.386 0.694 2008 0.395 0.698 2009 0.403 0.701 2010 0.410 0.707 2011 0.415 0.713 2012 0.411 0.717 2013 0.409 0.721 2014 0.414 0.726 2015 0.413 0.731 2016 0.411 0.735 2017 0.416 0.739 2018 0.421 0.741 2019 0.425 0.745 2020 0.414 0.742 2021 0.414 0.742 2022 0.417 0.752 2023 0.419 0.756 Source:- Human Development Report ↗ - United Nations Development Programme
- 2021
- 35.7
- Mean years of schooling2023
- 1.6 years
- Expected for a child today
- 7 years
Source:- Human Development Report ↗ - United Nations Development Programme
- Literacy2024
- 35.6% of adults
- Education expenditure2023
- 4.2% of GDP
- Share of government spending
- 19.1%
Source:- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Internet users2022
- 35.2% of the population
- Households with Internet access
- 43.8%
Source:- ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Mobile subscriptions2022
- 25.9 million
- Fixed telephone lines
- 306,900
- Fixed broadband
- 0.8 subscriptions per 100 people
Counts subscriptions, not people.
Source:- ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Credit-card ownership2024
- 4% of adults
- Debit-card ownership
- 10%
- Account at a bank or mobile-money provider
- 55%
- Mobile-money account
- 48%
- Made or received a digital payment
- 52%
Source:- Global Findex Database ↗ - World Bank
- Refugees hosted2025
- 138,530 people
- Asylum seekers
- 296
- Internally displaced persons
- 414,900409,000 due to conflicts, 5,900 due to disasters
- Refugees from Mali abroad
- 376,725
Sources:- Refugee Data Finder ↗ - UN Refugee Agency
- Global Internal Displacement Database ↗ - Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre
- Inbound tourists2021latest available
- 168,000 arrivalsdown 23% against 201923% below 2019
- Per resident
- 0.8 arrivals per 100 residents
- $171.2 million(2023)
- Domestic trips
- 23,700 overnight trips by residents(2022)
- $216.4 million(2023)
- Hotel beds
- 18,790(2022)
- Average hotel stay
- 1.4 nights(2022)
Overnight arrivals by year2010 to 2021A tourist stays at least one night. Arrivals count trips, not people.
Source:- UN Tourism Data Dashboard ↗ - UN Tourism
- UNESCO World Heritage Sites
- 4 sites3 cultural1 mixed
Site Type Old Towns of Djenné Cultural Timbuktu Cultural Cliff of Bandiagara (Land of the Dogons) Mixed Tomb of Askia Cultural Source:- The World Factbook: Mali - CIA
- Human Development Index, Mean years of schooling:Human Development Report ↗ - United Nations Development Programme
- Income inequality (Gini), Education expenditure:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Literacy:UIS Data Browser ↗ - UNESCO Institute for Statistics
- Internet users, Mobile subscriptions:ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Credit-card ownership:Global Findex Database ↗ - World Bank
- Refugees hosted:Refugee Data Finder ↗ - UN Refugee Agency
- Refugees hosted:Global Internal Displacement Database ↗ - Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre
- Inbound tourists:UN Tourism Data Dashboard ↗ - UN Tourism
- UNESCO World Heritage Sites:The World Factbook: Mali - CIA
Crime & Safety
- Travel advisory (US)
- Loading
- Active humanitarian crisisAug 2026
- Very high8.6 out of 10Conflict and violence, Drought and drier conditions, Political and economic crisisSeverity by monthSep 2024 to Aug 2026What the score is made ofImpact of the crisis9.6Conditions of people affected8.0Complexity of the crisis8.5
Data reliability as rated by INFORM: High. Last updated Aug 26, 2026.
Source:- INFORM Severity Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
- Prison population2022
- 37.6 per 100,000 people
- Persons held
- 8,670
Source:- UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
- Active humanitarian crisis:INFORM Severity Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
- Prison population:UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
Health
- Life expectancy2026
- 61.1 years
- Health expenditure2023
- 3.8% of GDP$34 per person
- Physicians2023
- 0.19 per 1,000 population
- Hospital beds2018
- 0.3 per 1,000 population
- Infant mortality2026
- 57.9 per 1,000 live births
- Maternal mortality2023
- 367 per 100,000 live births
- Alcohol consumption2022
- 3.6 litres of pure alcohol per adult per year
- Tobacco use2015latest available
- 10.1% of adults
- Men
- 18.6%
- Women
- 1.5%
Source:- Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Road traffic deaths2019
- 22.7 per 100,000 population
- Life expectancy, Infant mortality:UN World Population Prospects ↗
- Health expenditure, Physicians, Hospital beds, Road traffic deaths:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Maternal mortality:Maternal mortality estimates ↗ - UN Maternal Mortality Estimation Inter-agency Group
- Alcohol consumption, Tobacco use:Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
Environment
- CO₂ emissions2024
- 7.41 Mt per yearup 3.3 percent on the previous year3.3% from 2023
- CO₂ per capita
- 0.3 t per personWorld Rank183rdof 207
- Share of global CO₂
- 0.02%
- Methane (CH₄)
- 29.4 Mt CO₂-eq
- Nitrous oxide (N₂O)
- 10.6 Mt CO₂-eq
- Fluorinated gases
- 0.6 Mt CO₂-eq
- All greenhouse gases
- 48 Mt CO₂-eq
Source:- Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ↗ - European Commission, Joint Research Centre
- 2024
- 12.3 µg/m³ of PM2.50.7 years of life expectancy lost against the WHO guidelineMost polluted114thof 236
- WHO guideline
- 5 µg/m³
Source:- Air Quality Life Index ↗ - Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago
- Environmental issues
- deforestation
- soil erosion
- desertification
- loss of pasture land
- inadequate supplies of potable water
Source:- The World Factbook: Mali - CIA
- International agreements
- 18 of 20 landmark treaties in forceParty to 67 multilateral environmental agreements
Treaty Standing Joined Climate Paris Agreement in force 2016 UN Framework Convention on Climate Change in force 1995 Kyoto Protocol in force 2005 Ozone layer Montreal Protocol in force 1995 Vienna Convention (Ozone Layer) in force 1995 Biodiversity Convention on Biological Diversity in force 1995 CITES in force 1994 Convention on Migratory Species (Bonn) in force 1987 Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety in force 2003 Nagoya Protocol in force 2016 Land and heritage Ramsar Convention on Wetlands in force 1987 World Heritage Convention in force 1977 UN Convention to Combat Desertification in force 1996 Chemicals and waste Basel Convention in force 2001 Rotterdam Convention (PIC) in force 2004 Stockholm Convention (POPs) in force 2004 Minamata Convention on Mercury in force 2017 Oceans UN Convention on the Law of the Sea in force 1994 High Seas Treaty (BBNJ) not a party MARPOL 73/78 not a party Source:- International Environmental Agreements Database ↗ - Université Laval
- CO₂ emissions:Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ↗ - European Commission, Joint Research Centre
- Air pollution:Air Quality Life Index ↗ - Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago
- Environmental issues:The World Factbook: Mali - CIA
- International agreements:International Environmental Agreements Database ↗ - Université Laval
Food & Water
- No access to safe drinking water2022
- 23% of the population
- Renewable water2022
- 120 billion m³ per year
- Per person
- 5,201 m³ per year
- Dependency ratio
- 50% originates outside the country
- Annual water withdrawal
- 5.2 billion m³ per year
- Withdrawn for agriculture
- 98%
- Water stress
- 8% of available freshwater withdrawn
Source:- AQUASTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Undernourishment2022
- 7.1% of the population1.6 million people
- Obesity2024
- 13.3% of adults
- Men
- 9%
- Women
- 17.6%
Source:- Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Underweight children2024
- 15% of children under five
- No access to safe drinking water, Renewable water:AQUASTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Undernourishment:Food security indicators (FAOSTAT) ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Obesity:Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Underweight children:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
Energy
- Energy consumption2024
- Per capita
- 4.27 GJ per person
- Share of world total
- 0.02%
- Supply
- Deficitproduces 4.4% of what it consumes, 2024
Source:- International Energy Statistics ↗ - U.S. Energy Information Administration
- Electricity2024
- Net exporter, net 0.5 TWh in 2024, 9.9% of consumption6 TWh generated per year
- Generation
- 6 TWh per year
- Consumption
- 5 TWh per year
- Imports
- 0.5 TWh per year
- Exports
- 1 TWh per year
- Net
- +0.5 TWh per year
Source:- International Energy Statistics ↗ - U.S. Energy Information Administration
- Oil, gas & coal
- No domestic productionconsumes 46,485 b/d in 2024Consumption202446,485 b/d
Oil imports and exports count crude oil only.
- Mineral resources2025
- Lithium
Mineral Mine production Reserves Lithiumas pure lithium 9,400 t3.2% of world 370,000 t USGS estimates. Shows only minerals where the country is a major producer.
Source:- Mineral Commodity Summaries ↗ - U.S. Geological Survey
- Energy consumption, Electricity, Oil, gas & coal:International Energy Statistics ↗ - U.S. Energy Information Administration
- Mineral resources:Mineral Commodity Summaries ↗ - U.S. Geological Survey
Defense
- Military expenditure2024
- 4.2% of GDP$929.3 million, 16.6% of government spending
- Military personnel2025
- estimated 35,000–40,000active FAMa, Gendarmerie, and National GuardEstimates vary.
- Military service2025
- Selective conscriptionmen and women 18+, 24 months; voluntary 18+
- Nuclear weapons2026
- None - no nuclear arsenal
- Military expenditure:SIPRI Military Expenditure Database ↗ - Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
- Military expenditure:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Military personnel, Military service:The World Factbook: Mali - CIA
- Nuclear weapons:Status of World Nuclear Forces ↗ - Federation of American Scientists
