National Identity
- Official name
- Republic of Colombia
- Official name (in Spanish)
- República de Colombia
- Name etymology
named after explorer Christopher COLUMBUS
Sources:- Political Constitution of Colombia - Updated with Legislative Acts as of 2015 ↗ - Constitutional Court of Colombia
- The World Factbook: Colombia - CIA
- Coat of arms
- National flag
Translated from the Administrative Department of the Public Service of Colombia ARTICLE 2.- The national colours of the Republic of Colombia, yellow, blue and red, shall continue to be arranged on the National Flag in three horizontal stripes, of which the yellow, placed in the upper part, shall have a width equal to half of the Flag, and the other two, in stripes equal to one quarter of the total, the blue having to be in the centre.
Unofficial translation by WorldometerTranslated from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Colombia Yellow represents the abundance and the wealth of our soil, but also sovereignty, harmony and justice; blue symbolises the sea, the two oceans on which Colombia has coasts and which unite us with other peoples for the exchange of products; and red represents blood, but not the blood that hatred sheds, rather the blood that nourishes the heart and gives it movement and life, the blood that signifies love, power, strength and progress.
Unofficial translation by WorldometerTranslated from the Presidency of the Republic of Colombia The origin of our current flag dates to 1806, specifically 12 March, when the Precursor Francisco Miranda flew for the first time the yellow, blue and red tricolour aboard his sailing ship, or brig, Leandro, during his failed invasion of Coro (a town in Venezuela). This flag was the same one that Miranda, together with Lino de Clemente and José Sata y Bussy, presented to the Congress of Venezuela of 1811 so that it would be adopted as the national ensign.
Unofficial translation by WorldometerTranslated from the Presidency of the Republic of Colombia The Fundamental Law of the Republic of Colombia, that is, the Law that created the Republic that we call Gran Colombia , enacted by the Congress assembled in Angostura on 17 December 1819, provided: "Article 10: The arms and the flag of Colombia shall be decreed by the General Congress, the arms and flag of Venezuela being used in the meantime as they are better known". [...] Colombia continued using the flag of Venezuela until 9 May 1834 when, Gran Colombia having already been dissolved and the Republic of New Granada established (one of the names that our homeland had and which lasted until 1857), President Santander signed the law that changed the position of the stripes of the flag from horizontal to vertical
Unofficial translation by WorldometerTranslated from the Presidency of the Republic of Colombia This flag with vertical stripes continued to be used until 1861. General Tomas Cipriano de Mosquera, as provisional president of the United States of Colombia [...] changed our flag again. It was provided that, once again, the stripes would be horizontal and that the yellow section would have double the width [...] Since then, our flag has not undergone major transformations: the colours and the arrangement that General Mosquera gave it remain the same.
Unofficial translation by WorldometerSources:- funcionpublica.gov.co ↗ - the Administrative Department of the Public Service of Colombia
- cancilleria.gov.co ↗ - the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Colombia
- historico.presidencia.gov.co ↗ - the Presidency of the Republic of Colombia
- National anthem
- Himno Nacional de la República de Colombia2:41
- Title (in Spanish)
- Himno Nacional de la República de Colombia
- Title (in English, translated)
- National Anthem of the Republic of Colombia
- Unofficial title (in Spanish)
- ¡Oh gloria inmarcesible!
- Unofficial title (in English, translated)
- O Unfading Glory!
- Lyrics
Chorus: ¡Oh gloria inmarcesible! ¡Oh júbilo inmortal! ¡En surcos de dolores El bien germina ya El bien germina ya. ¡Oh gloria inmarcesible! ¡Oh júbilo inmortal! ¡En surcos de dolores El bien germina ya.
1Cesó la horrible noche La libertad sublime Derrama las auroras De su invencible luz. La humanidad entera, Que entre cadenas gime, Comprende las palabras Del que murió en la cruz
:2“Independencia” grita El mundo americano: Se baña en sangre de héroes La tierra de Colón. Pero este gran principio: “El rey no es soberano” Resuena, Y los que sufren Bendicen su pasión.
:3Del Orinoco el cauce Se colma de despojos, De sangre y llanto un río Se mira allí correr. En Bárbula no saben Las almas ni los ojos Si admiración o espanto Sentir o padecer.
:4A orillas del Caribe Hambriento un pueblo lucha Horrores prefiriendo A pérfida salud. iexcl;Oh, sí! de Cartagena La abnegación es mucha, Y escombros de la muerte desprecian su virtud.
:5De Boyacá en los campos El genio de la gloria Con cada espiga un héroe invicto coronó. Soldados sin coraza Ganaron la victoria; Su varonil aliento De escudo les sirvió.
:6Bolívar cruza el Ande Que riega dos océanos Espadas cual centellas Fulguran en Junín. Centauros indomables Descienden a los llanos Y empieza a presentirse De la epopeya el fin.
:7La trompa victoriosa Que en Ayacucho truena En cada triunfo crece Su formidable son. En su expansivo empuje La libertad se estrena, Del cielo Americano Formando un pabellón.
:8La Virgen sus cabellos Arranca en agonía Y de su amor viuda Los cuelga del ciprés. Lamenta su esperanza Que cubre losa fría; Pero glorioso orgullo circunda su alba tez.
:9La Patria así se forma Termópilas brotando; Constelación de cíclopes Su noche iluminó; La flor estremecida Mortal el viento hallando Debajo los laureles Seguridad buscó
:10Mas no es completa gloria Vencer en la batalla, Que al brazo que combate Lo anima la verdad. La independencia sola El gran clamor no acalla: Si el sol alumbra a todos Justicia es libertad.
:11Del hombre los derechos Nariño predicando, El alma de la lucha Profético enseñó. Ricaurte en San Mateo En átomos volando “Deber antes que vida”, Con llamas escribió.
:Source: - Citizens
- Colombians
- Official name:Political Constitution of Colombia - Updated with Legislative Acts as of 2015 ↗ - Constitutional Court of Colombia
- Official name, Citizens:The World Factbook: Colombia - CIA
- National flag:funcionpublica.gov.co ↗ - the Administrative Department of the Public Service of Colombia
- National flag:cancilleria.gov.co ↗ - the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Colombia
- National flag:historico.presidencia.gov.co ↗ - the Presidency of the Republic of Colombia
- National anthem:nationalanthems.info ↗
Geography
- Location
- Total area
- 1,138,910 km²
- Land area
- 1,038,700 km²
- Water area
- 100,210 km²
- Land borders
- 6,672 km(5 countries)
- Coastline
- 3,208 km
- Terrain
Flat coastal lowlands, central highlands, high Andes Mountains, eastern lowland plains (Llanos) - Mean elevation
- 593 m
- Highest point
- 5,730 mPico Cristobal Colon
- Lowest point
- 0 mPacific Ocean
- Climate
Tropical along coast and eastern plains; cooler in highlands - Avg. temperature
- 23.9 °C
- Avg. daily range
- 20.7 to 28.2 °C
- Annual precipitation
- 3,371 mm
Temperature °CMeanDaily rangePrecipitation mmMonthly climate normals Month Avg. high, °C Mean, °C Avg. low, °C Precipitation, mm January 29 24.3 20.6 156 February 29.4 24.6 21 168 March 29 24.4 21.1 252 April 28.3 24 21.1 342 May 27.8 23.7 21 395 June 27.3 23.3 20.5 359 July 27.2 23.1 20.2 329 August 27.9 23.5 20.3 287 September 28.3 23.7 20.5 282 October 28.3 23.8 20.7 306 November 28.2 23.8 20.8 283 December 28.3 23.9 20.7 211 Country-wide averages over 1991–2020.
Sources:- The World Factbook: Colombia - CIA
- Climate Change Knowledge Portal (ERA5 reanalysis) ↗ - World Bank
- Weather
- Loading
- Land use2023
- Arable2.3%Perm. crops2.2%Pasture32.0%Forest53.8%Other9.7%
- Arable land
- 2,549,300 hectares (2.3%)
- Permanent crops
- 2,445,700 hectares (2.2%)
- Permanent meadows & pastures
- 35,488,000 hectares (32.0%)
- Forest
- 59,723,428 hectares (53.8%)
- Other land
- 10,743,572 hectares (9.7%)
Source: - Natural hazards2026
- Earthquakes8.9Very high#15/191Tsunamis8.1Very high#13/191River floods7.0Very high#41/191Coastal floods6.2High#37/191Epidemics5.6High#71/191Tropical cyclones4.1Medium#36/191Drought2.7Low#114/191
Scores out of 10, ranks out of 191 countries.
Source:- INFORM Risk Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
- Location, Land borders, Coastline, Terrain, Mean elevation, Highest point, Lowest point, Climate, Major rivers:The World Factbook: Colombia - CIA
- Climate:Climate Change Knowledge Portal (ERA5 reanalysis) ↗ - World Bank
- Land use:FAOSTAT Land Use domain ↗ - FAO
- Natural hazards:INFORM Risk Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
Demographics
- Population change2026
- +0.96% per year+510,591 people/yearWorld Rank102ndof 237
- Birth rate
- 12.7 per 1,000 population
- Death rate
- 5.6 per 1,000 population
- Net migration rate
- +2.1 per 1,000 population
- 2026
- 33.0 yearsWorld Rank124thof 237
- Age structure2026
- 0-14 years19.7%15-64 years69.6%65 years +10.6%
- Share aged 65 and over
- 10.6%
- Share aged under 18
- 24.0%
- Total dependency ratio
- 44
- Youth dependency ratio
- 28
- Elderly dependency ratio
- 15
- Sex ratio
- 0.97 male / female
MaleAgeFemalePopulation by age group, % of total population Age Male Female 80+ 0.7% 1.1% 70-79 2.2% 2.7% 60-69 4.3% 4.8% 50-59 5.4% 5.8% 40-49 6.7% 6.9% 30-39 8.2% 8.2% 20-29 8.2% 8.1% 10-19 7.0% 6.8% 0-9 6.7% 6.4% - 2026
- 0.50 below the replacement level for Colombia ()1.60 births per womanreplacement 2.10123World Rank150thof 237
- 0.77 daughters per woman0.23 below replacement, long-run each generation smaller than the lastreplacement 1.000.511.5
- 2026
- +7.0 per 1,000 populationfor every 1,000 people, 7.0 more births than deaths a year
- 2026
- +2.1 per 1,000 population
- Urbanization2026
- 79.1% live in cities42,642,251 urban residents
- Largest cities2023
- Bogotá, Medellín, Cali, BarranquillaRankCityPopulation (2023 projection)1Bogotá7,876,0002Medellín2,553,6003Cali2,234,4004Barranquilla1,322,9005Cartagena931,5006Soacha778,4007Cúcuta777,4008Soledad675,1009Bucaramanga605,00010Bello546,900Source:
- National Administrative Department of Statistics, Colombia (2023 projection), via City Population by Thomas Brinkhoff ↗
- Population distribution
- The majority of people live in the north and west, where agricultural opportunities and natural resources are found; the vast grasslands of the llanos to the south and east, which make up approximately 60% of the country, are sparsely populated.
- Ethnic groups2018
- Mestizo and White87.6%Afro-Colombian6.8%Indigenous4.3%Unspecified1.4%
Afro-Colombian includes Mulatto, Raizal, and Palenquero.
Source:- The World Factbook: Colombia - CIA
- Religions2023
- Roman Catholic63.6%Protestant17.2%Jehovah's Witness0.6%Church of Jesus Christ0.1%Other0.3%Believer0.2%Agnostic1.0%Atheist1.0%None14.2%Unspecified1.8%
- Protestant
- 17.2%
- Evangelical
- 16.7%
- Adventist
- 0.3%
- Other Protestant
- 0.2%
Source:- The World Factbook: Colombia - CIA
- Languages
- Spanish (Español)
- Population, Population change, Median age, Age structure, Total fertility rate, Net reproduction rate, Natural change, Net migration rate:UN World Population Prospects ↗
- Urbanization:UN World Urbanization Prospects ↗
- Largest cities:National Administrative Department of Statistics, Colombia (2023 projection), via City Population by Thomas Brinkhoff ↗
- Population distribution, Ethnic groups, Religions:The World Factbook: Colombia - CIA
Government & Administration
- Form of state
- RepublicThe President of the Republic is elected for four years by more than half of the direct, secret votes, with a run-off if no one wins that majority; the Constitution calls Colombia a "unitary Republic, decentralized" (Arts. 1, 190).Source:
- System of government
- PresidentialThe President is also Head of Government and freely appoints and removes ministers; each Chamber may censure individual ministers, not the Government or President, and Congress serves a fixed four-year term without dissolution (Arts. 115, 132, 135, 189).Source:
- Constitución Política de Colombia de 1991, consolidated text ↗, Arts. 115, 132, 135, 189
- Territorial organisation
- Unitary
- Official websites
- Government (in Spanish)
- President (in Spanish)
- Parliament (in Spanish)
- Capital
- Bogotá7.9 million people(2025)
- National holidays
- 19 days in 2026
- ThuJan 1New Year's Day
- MonJan 12Epiphany (observed)
- MonMar 23Saint Joseph's Day (observed)
- ThuApr 2Maundy Thursday
- FriApr 3Good Friday
- FriMay 1Labor Day
- MonMay 18Ascension Day (observed)
- MonJun 8Corpus Christi (observed)
- MonJun 15Sacred Heart (observed)
- MonJun 29Saint Peter and Saint Paul's Day
- MonJul 13Day of Our Lady of the Rosary of Chiquinquirá (observed)
- MonJul 20Independence Day
- FriAug 7Battle of Boyacá
- MonAug 17Assumption Day (observed)
- MonOct 12Columbus Day
- MonNov 2All Saints' Day (observed)
- MonNov 16Independence of Cartagena (observed)
- TueDec 8Immaculate Conception
- FriDec 25Christmas Day
Nationwide public holidays only, excluding regional, bank and government-only days.
- Time
- COTColombia Standard TimeUTC−5
- Currency
- Colombian Peso (COP)
- Entry requirements
- Official visa and entry information (in Spanish, English available)
- Calling code
- +57
- Internet TLD
- .co
- ISO 3166-1 codes
- CO, COL
- Infrastructure
- Passengers carried
- 42,399,044 by the country's airlines(2023)
- Heliports
- 57
- Aircraft departures
- 373,147 by the country's airlines(2023)
- Air freight
- 1,936.5 million tonne-km(2023)
- Aircraft registration prefix
- HJ, HK
Sources:- The World Factbook: Colombia - CIA
- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Flag carrier
- AviancaPrivately owned (Abra Group)
- 2025
- 37 / 100World Rank99thof 182Confidence interval
Corruption index score by year Year Score Lower bound Upper bound 2012 36 32 40 2013 36 33 39 2014 37 34 40 2015 37 34 40 2016 37 34 41 2017 37 32 42 2018 36 32 40 2019 37 32.9 41.1 2020 39 36.4 41.6 2021 39 36.6 41.4 2022 39 36.7 41.3 2023 40 37.7 42.3 2024 39 34.8 43.2 2025 37 33.4 40.6 Source:- Corruption Perceptions Index 2025 ↗ - Transparency International, CC BY 4.0
- Form of state, System of government, Territorial organisation:Constitución Política de Colombia de 1991, consolidated text ↗ - Senate of the Republic of Colombia
- National holidays:Open World Holidays Framework (vacanza/holidays) ↗
- Infrastructure:The World Factbook: Colombia - CIA
- Infrastructure:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Corruption Perceptions Index:Corruption Perceptions Index 2025 ↗ - Transparency International, CC BY 4.0
Economy
- Upper middle income
- GDP growth (real)2026
- +2.2% per yearWorld Rank124thof 195
- GDP per capita (PPP)2026
- GDP per capita (nominal)
- $10,726 (92nd in the world)
Source:- 2025
- Services58.5% of GDPIndustry21.8% of GDPAgriculture9.9% of GDPManufacturing9.9%part of industry
- Households
- +73.2%
- Government
- +15.5%
- Investment
- +16.7%
- Exports
- +15%
- Imports
- −20.4%
The shape of the economyGDP by end useSource:- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Inflation2026
- 6%up 0.9 percentage points0.9pp from 2025
- Labor force2024
- 26.8 million (51% of population)World Rank25thof 187
- Labor force participation2024
- 63.5% of people aged 15+
- Unemployment2024
- 9.6%
- Youth unemployment2024
- 19.4% ages 15 to 24
- Labor productivity2024
- $18.4 per hour worked at PPP
- Budget balance2026
- 6.9% of GDP deficit
- Current account
- 2.6% of GDP, $14.8 billion deficit
Source: - Debt2024
- Government debt61.3% of GDPHousehold debt25.7% of GDPCompany debt29.2% of GDPInterest on debt4.4% of GDP
- Trade2025
- Goods$51.5 billion72.4%
- Services$19.6 billion27.6%
- Total exports
- $71.1 billion
- Change from 2024
- up 2.8 percent on the previous year2.8%
Sources:- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- The World Factbook: Colombia - CIA
- 2024
- +0.25World Rank68thof 145
- Projected GDP growth
- +2.4% a year over the next 10 years
Source:- Atlas of Economic Complexity ↗ - Harvard Growth Lab
- Agricultural products2024
- Avocados, Coffee (green), Plantains and cooking bananas, and 7 more
- 1Avocados16.7×
- 2Coffee (green)11×
- 3Plantains and cooking bananas8.8×
- 4Pineapples4.6×
- 5Bananas2.8×
- 6Oil palm fruit2.8×
- 7Sugar cane2.4×
- 8Meat of chickens (fresh or chilled)2.1×
- 9Hen eggs in shell (fresh)1.6×
- 10Raw milk of cattle1.5×
ProductSource:- FAOSTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Gold reserves2025
- 4.7 tonnesWorth $656.5 million, 1% of total official reserves by value
- Industries
- textiles, food processing, oil, clothing and footwear, beverages, chemicals, cement
- gold, coal, emeralds
- Income level, GDP by sector, Trade, Gold reserves:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- GDP (nominal), GDP growth (real), GDP per capita (PPP), Inflation, Budget balance:IMF World Economic Outlook ↗
- Labor force, Labor force participation, Unemployment, Youth unemployment, Labor productivity:ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
- Debt:IMF Global Debt Database ↗
- Debt:IMF Public Finances in Modern History ↗
- Trade, Industries:The World Factbook: Colombia - CIA
- Economic Complexity Index:Atlas of Economic Complexity ↗ - Harvard Growth Lab
- Agricultural products:FAOSTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
Cost of Living
- Cost of living index
- Loading
- Monthly costs (excluding rent)
- Loading
- Rent
- Loading
- Buying an apartment
- Loading
- Average gross salary2025
- COP 2,022,657 per month$499 (USD), $1,214 (PPP)
- Median
- COP 1,500,000 per month($370)
- Men
- COP 2,044,615 per month($504)
- Women
- COP 1,994,903 per month($492)
Source:- ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
- 2024
- COP 1,300,000 per month, gross$319 (USD), $843 (PPP)
- Average gross salary, Minimum wage:ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
Society
- 2023
- 0.788HighWorld Rank83rdof 193ColombiaWorld
Human Development Index by year Year Colombia World 1990 0.623 0.608 1991 0.630 0.611 1992 0.639 0.614 1993 0.645 0.617 1994 0.650 0.620 1995 0.655 0.625 1996 0.663 0.631 1997 0.670 0.636 1998 0.676 0.641 1999 0.673 0.646 2000 0.679 0.651 2001 0.681 0.657 2002 0.684 0.662 2003 0.691 0.669 2004 0.699 0.675 2005 0.711 0.681 2006 0.712 0.688 2007 0.724 0.694 2008 0.731 0.698 2009 0.736 0.701 2010 0.741 0.707 2011 0.747 0.713 2012 0.748 0.717 2013 0.760 0.721 2014 0.763 0.726 2015 0.767 0.731 2016 0.772 0.735 2017 0.774 0.739 2018 0.775 0.741 2019 0.777 0.745 2020 0.764 0.742 2021 0.762 0.742 2022 0.782 0.752 2023 0.788 0.756 Source:- Human Development Report ↗ - United Nations Development Programme
- 2024
- 54.4
- Mean years of schooling2023
- 9 years
- Expected for a child today
- 14.3 years
Source:- Human Development Report ↗ - United Nations Development Programme
- Literacy2024
- 95.3% of adults
- Education expenditure2020
- 5.3% of GDP
- Internet users2024
- 79.3% of the population
- Households with Internet access
- 65.6%
Source:- ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Mobile subscriptions2024
- 92.1 million
- Fixed telephone lines
- 6,315,967
- Fixed broadband
- 17.2 subscriptions per 100 people
Counts subscriptions, not people.
Source:- ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Credit-card ownership2024
- 9% of adults
- Debit-card ownership
- 26%
- Account at a bank or mobile-money provider
- 57%
- Mobile-money account
- 39%
- Made or received a digital payment
- 49%
Source:- Global Findex Database ↗ - World Bank
- Refugees hosted2025
- 1,412 people
- Asylum seekers
- 24,834
- Internally displaced persons
- 7,211,000All due to conflicts
- Refugees from Colombia abroad
- 79,862
Sources:- Refugee Data Finder ↗ - UN Refugee Agency
- Global Internal Displacement Database ↗ - Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre
- Inbound tourists2022
- Official tourism site4.5 million arrivalsup 8% against 20198% above 2019World Rank49thof 139
- Per resident
- 8.7 arrivals per 100 residents
- Same-day visitors
- 168,000 arrivals
- $10.1 billion(2024)
- 2.2% tourism direct GDP(2024)
- Residents' trips abroad
- 4.9 million overnight trips
- $6.6 billion(2024)
- Hotel beds
- 606,446
Overnight arrivals by year2010 to 2022A tourist stays at least one night. Arrivals count trips, not people.
Source:- UN Tourism Data Dashboard ↗ - UN Tourism
- UNESCO World Heritage Sites
- 9 sites6 cultural2 natural1 mixed
Site Type Chiribiquete National Park Mixed Coffee Cultural Landscape of Colombia Cultural Historic Center of Santa Cruz de Mompox Cultural Los Katíos National Park Natural Malpelo Fauna and Flora Sanctuary Natural Tierradentro National Archeological Park Cultural San Agustín Archaeological Park Cultural Colonial Cartagena Cultural Qhapaq Ñan/Andean Road System Cultural Source:- The World Factbook: Colombia - CIA
- Human Development Index, Mean years of schooling:Human Development Report ↗ - United Nations Development Programme
- Income inequality (Gini), Education expenditure:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Literacy:UIS Data Browser ↗ - UNESCO Institute for Statistics
- Internet users, Mobile subscriptions:ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Credit-card ownership:Global Findex Database ↗ - World Bank
- Refugees hosted:Refugee Data Finder ↗ - UN Refugee Agency
- Refugees hosted:Global Internal Displacement Database ↗ - Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre
- Inbound tourists:UN Tourism Data Dashboard ↗ - UN Tourism
- UNESCO World Heritage Sites:The World Factbook: Colombia - CIA
Crime & Safety
- Travel advisory (US)
- Loading
- Active humanitarian crisisAug 2026
- Very high8.5 out of 10Conflict and violence, Drought and drier conditions, Earthquake, Floods, International displacement
Crisis Since Sep 2024 Severity Country overallAll crises below combined 8.5Very high Conflict and Climatic Shocks in ColombiaConflict and violence, Drought and drier conditions, Floods 8.4Very high Displacement from Venezuela to ColombiaInternational displacement 6.9High 2026 EarthquakeEarthquake 4.4Medium Data reliability as rated by INFORM: Very high. Last updated Aug 31, 2026.
Source:- INFORM Severity Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
- Homicide rate2024
- High by global standards24.4 per 100,000 peopleWorld Rank7thof 115
- Crime rates
- 7 offence categories
Offence Per 100,000 Count Year Homicide (victims) 24.4 12,880 2024 Serious assault 223.9 117,173 2023 Sexual violence 46.3 24,220 2023 Kidnapping 1.2 638 2023 Burglary 69.1 35,736 2022 Theft 887.3 459,059 2022 Vehicle theft 100.7 52,117 2022 A low figure can also mean weak recording.
Source:- UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
- Prison population2023
- 201.1 per 100,000 people
- Persons held
- 105,205
Source:- UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
- Active humanitarian crisis:INFORM Severity Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
- Homicide rate, Crime rates, Prison population:UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
Health
- Life expectancy2026
- 78.3 years
- Health expenditure2024
- 8.1% of GDP$644 per person
- Physicians2023
- 2.54 per 1,000 population
- Hospital beds2020
- 1.7 per 1,000 population
- Infant mortality2026
- 9.0 per 1,000 live births
- Maternal mortality2023
- 59 per 100,000 live births
- Alcohol consumption2022
- 4.3 litres of pure alcohol per adult per year
- Tobacco use2015latest available
- 9.9% of adults
- Men
- 14.4%
- Women
- 5.3%
Source:- Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Alcohol and Tobacco Spending2023
- 3.6% of household spendingWorld Rank37thof 105
- World median
- 3.1%
Source:- The World Factbook: Colombia - CIA
- Road traffic deaths2019
- 15.4 per 100,000 population
- Life expectancy, Infant mortality:UN World Population Prospects ↗
- Health expenditure, Physicians, Hospital beds, Road traffic deaths:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Maternal mortality:Maternal mortality estimates ↗ - UN Maternal Mortality Estimation Inter-agency Group
- Alcohol consumption, Tobacco use:Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Alcohol and Tobacco Spending:The World Factbook: Colombia - CIA
Environment
- CO₂ emissions2024
- 95.1 Mt per yearup 2.5 percent on the previous year2.5% from 2023
- CO₂ per capita
- 1.8 t per personWorld Rank125thof 207
- Share of global CO₂
- 0.24%
- Methane (CH₄)
- 94.7 Mt CO₂-eq
- Nitrous oxide (N₂O)
- 18.7 Mt CO₂-eq
- Fluorinated gases
- 9.18 Mt CO₂-eq
- All greenhouse gases
- 217.6 Mt CO₂-eq
Source:- Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ↗ - European Commission, Joint Research Centre
- 2024
- 13.9 µg/m³ of PM2.50.9 years of life expectancy lost against the WHO guidelineMost polluted102ndof 236
- WHO guideline
- 5 µg/m³
- National standard
- 20 µg/m³
Source:- Air Quality Life Index ↗ - Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago
- Environmental issues
- deforestation from timber exploitation in the Amazon and the Chocó region
- soil erosion
- soil and water pollution from overuse of pesticides
- air pollution, especially in Bogota, from vehicle emissions
Source:- The World Factbook: Colombia - CIA
- International agreements
- 16 of 20 landmark treaties in forceParty to 86 multilateral environmental agreements
Treaty Standing Joined Climate Paris Agreement in force 2018 UN Framework Convention on Climate Change in force 1995 Kyoto Protocol in force 2005 Ozone layer Montreal Protocol in force 1994 Vienna Convention (Ozone Layer) in force 1990 Biodiversity Convention on Biological Diversity in force 1995 CITES in force 1981 Convention on Migratory Species (Bonn) not a party Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety in force 2003 Nagoya Protocol signed 2011, not ratified Land and heritage Ramsar Convention on Wetlands in force 1998 World Heritage Convention in force 1983 UN Convention to Combat Desertification in force 1999 Chemicals and waste Basel Convention in force 1997 Rotterdam Convention (PIC) in force 2009 Stockholm Convention (POPs) in force 2009 Minamata Convention on Mercury in force 2019 Oceans UN Convention on the Law of the Sea signed 1982, not ratified High Seas Treaty (BBNJ) signed 2023, not ratified MARPOL 73/78 in force 1983 Source:- International Environmental Agreements Database ↗ - Université Laval
- CO₂ emissions:Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ↗ - European Commission, Joint Research Centre
- Air pollution:Air Quality Life Index ↗ - Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago
- Environmental issues:The World Factbook: Colombia - CIA
- International agreements:International Environmental Agreements Database ↗ - Université Laval
Food & Water
- No access to safe drinking water2022
- 8.6% of the population
- Renewable water2022
- 2,360 billion m³ per year
- Per person
- 45,614 m³ per year
- Dependency ratio
- 9% originates outside the country
- Annual water withdrawal
- 25 billion m³ per year
- Withdrawn for agriculture
- 82%
- Water stress
- 4% of available freshwater withdrawn
Source:- AQUASTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Undernourishment2022
- 4.2% of the population2.2 million people
- Obesity2024
- 24.9% of adults
- Men
- 18.7%
- Women
- 30.7%
Source:- Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Underweight children2016
- 3.7% of children under five
- No access to safe drinking water, Renewable water:AQUASTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Undernourishment:Food security indicators (FAOSTAT) ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Obesity:Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Underweight children:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
Energy
- Energy consumption2024
- Per capita
- 35.7 GJ per person
- Share of world total
- 0.30%
- Supply
- Surplusproduces 2.3× what it consumes, 2024
Source:- International Energy Statistics ↗ - U.S. Energy Information Administration
- Electricity2024
- 115 TWh generated per year
- Generation
- 115 TWh per year
- Consumption
- 107 TWh per year
- Imports
- 0 TWh per year
- Exports
- 1.2 TWh per year
- Net
- +1.2 TWh per year
Source:- International Energy Statistics ↗ - U.S. Energy Information Administration
- Energy consumption, Electricity, Oil, gas & coal:International Energy Statistics ↗ - U.S. Energy Information Administration
- Oil, gas & coal:Worldwide Oil and Gas Survey ↗ - Oil & Gas Journal
Defense
- Military expenditure2024
- 3.4% of GDP$15.1 billion, 10.1% of government spending
- Military personnel2025
- approximately 260,000active Military Forces; approximately 150,000 National Police
- Military service2025
- Conscriptionmen 18–24, 18 months or 12 months for those with a college degree, military and police service; voluntary men and women 18–24
Conscripted soldiers reportedly include regular soldiers (conscripts without a high school degree), drafted high school graduates (bachilleres), and rural (campesino) soldiers who serve in their home regions.Women comprised a little more than 3% of the active military in 2024.
Source:- The World Factbook: Colombia - CIA
- Space program2025
- Colombian Space Commission (Comision Colombiana Del Espacio, CCE; established 2006)
Has a small program focused on acquiring satellites, particularly remote sensing (RS) satellites; operates satellites and produces nanosatellites; researches other space technologies, including astronautics, satellite navigation, and telecommunications; works with a variety of foreign space agencies or commercial space industries, including those of Denmark, India, Russia, Sweden, the US, and some members of the Latin American and Caribbean Space Agency
- 2007
- First domestically produced technology-demonstration/remote-sensing (RS) nanosatellite (Libertad I) launched by Russia
- 2014
- Second experimental RS nanosatellite (UAPSAT) launched by US
- 2018
- First RS satellite (FACSAT-1) for military use purchased from Denmark and launched by India
- 2022
- Signed US-led Artemis Accords for space exploration
- 2023
- Second RS satellite (FACSAT-2 or Chibiriquete) launched by US
Key milestones
the Colombian military has an Air and Space Operations Commandthe Colombian Space Agency (Agencia Espacial Del Colombia, AEC) is a private, non-profit agency established in 2017
Source:- The World Factbook: Colombia - CIA
- Nuclear weapons2026
- None - no nuclear arsenal
- Military expenditure:SIPRI Military Expenditure Database ↗ - Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
- Military expenditure:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Military personnel, Military service, Space program:The World Factbook: Colombia - CIA
- Nuclear weapons:Status of World Nuclear Forces ↗ - Federation of American Scientists
