National Identity
- Official name
- Republic of Ecuador
- Official name (in Spanish)
- República del Ecuador
- Name etymology
the name is the Spanish word for "equator," referring to its geographic position
Sources:- Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador ↗ - Ministry of National Defense of Ecuador
- The World Factbook: Ecuador - CIA
- Coat of arms
- National flag
Translated from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Human Mobility of Ecuador The flag of Ecuador has three horizontal stripes, which from bottom to top are red, blue and yellow in colour. The yellow stripe is twice as wide as the red and blue ones.
Unofficial translation by WorldometerTranslated from the Ministry of National Defence of Ecuador In addition to bearing the National Coat of Arms in the centre.
Unofficial translation by WorldometerTranslated from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Human Mobility of Ecuador The symbolism of the colours is as follows: Red represents the blood shed by the soldiers and martyrs of the battles of independence. Blue represents the colour of the sea and the sky. Yellow symbolises the abundance and fertility of the crops and the land.
Unofficial translation by WorldometerTranslated from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Human Mobility of Ecuador Flag
The Flag of Ecuador, with its three colours yellow, blue and red, was adopted as the standard of the nascent State by the Constituent Assembly meeting in Riobamba in 1830; however, this emblem, inspired by the tricolour raised by the Precursor of American Independence, General Francisco de Miranda, in 1806, had some variants during the political life of the Nation, because it was also the Flag of Gran Colombia, a political union created by the Liberator Simón Bolívar, of which present-day Ecuador, Colombia, Panama and Venezuela formed part
Unofficial translation by WorldometerTranslated from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Human Mobility of Ecuador This national emblem was white and sky blue from March 1845, when the anti-Flores insurgency triumphed with the so-called “Marcist Revolution” –because it took place in March of that year- and it remained so until 1860, the year in which President García Moreno restored the use of the tricolour as a symbol of national unity, a fact that was confirmed by the National Convention of 1861.
Unofficial translation by WorldometerTranslated from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Human Mobility of Ecuador by means of a Legislative Decree sanctioned by President Eloy Alfaro, the tricolour flag is definitively confirmed as the official flag of the Republic of Ecuador, with the sole proviso of providing that the yellow stripe must have twice the width of the other colours. Since this date, together with the Anthem and the Coat of Arms, it forms the trilogy of national emblems.
Unofficial translation by WorldometerSources:- cancilleria.gob.ec ↗ - the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Human Mobility of Ecuador
- defensa.gob.ec ↗ - the Ministry of National Defence of Ecuador
- cancilleria.gob.ec ↗ - the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Human Mobility of Ecuador
- National anthem
- Salve, Oh Patria!1:25
- Title (in Spanish)
- Salve, Oh Patria!
- Title (in English, translated)
- We Salute You Our Homeland
- Lyrics
Chorus: ¡Salve, Oh Patria, mil veces! ¡Oh Patria, gloria a ti! Ya tu pecho rebosa gozo y paz, y tu frente radiosa más que el sol contemplamos lucir.
1Indignados tus hijos del yugo que te impuso la ibérica audacia, de la injusta y horrenda desgracia que pesaba fatal sobre ti, santa voz a los cielos alzaron, voz de noble y sin par juramento, de vengarte del monstruo sangriento, de romper ese yugo servil.
:2Los primeros los hijos del suelo que, soberbio, el Pichincha decora te aclamaron por siempre señora y vertieron su sangre por ti. Dios miró y aceptó el holocausto, y esa sangre fue germen fecundo de otros héroes que, atónito el mundo vio en tu torno a millares surgir.
:3De esos héroes al brazo de hierro nada tuvo invencible la tierra, y del valle a la altísima sierra se escuchaba el fragor de la lid; tras la lid la victoria volaba, libertad tras el triunfo venía, y al león destrozado se oía de impotencia y despecho rugir.
:4Cedió al fin la fiereza española, y hoy, ¡oh Patria!, tu libre existencia es la noble y magnífica herencia que nos dio el heroísmo feliz: de las manos paternas la hubimos, nadie intente arrancárnosla ahora, ni nuestra ira excitar vengadora quiera, necio o audaz, contra sí.
:5Nadie, oh Patria, lo intente. Las sombras de tus héroes gloriosos nos miran, y el valor y el orgullo que inspiran son augurios de triunfos por ti. Venga el hierro y el plomo fulmíneo, que a la idea de guerra y venganza se despierta la heroica pujanza que hizo al fiero español sucumbir.
:6Y si nuevas cadenas prepara la injusticia de bárbara suerte, ¡gran Pichincha! prevén tú la muerte de la Patria y sus hijos al fin; hunde al punto en tus hondas entrañas cuanto existe en tu tierra, el tirano huelle sólo cenizas y en vano busque rastro de ser junto a ti.
:Source: - Citizens
- Ecuadorians
- Official name:Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador ↗ - Ministry of National Defense of Ecuador
- Official name, Citizens:The World Factbook: Ecuador - CIA
- National flag:cancilleria.gob.ec ↗ - the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Human Mobility of Ecuador
- National flag:defensa.gob.ec ↗ - the Ministry of National Defence of Ecuador
- National flag:cancilleria.gob.ec ↗ - the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Human Mobility of Ecuador
- National anthem:nationalanthems.info ↗
Geography
- Location
- Total area
- 283,561 km²
- Land area
- 276,841 km²
- Water area
- 6,720 km²
- Coastline
- 2,237 km
- Terrain
Coastal plain (costa), inter-Andean central highlands (sierra), and flat to rolling eastern jungle (oriente) - Mean elevation
- 1,117 m
- Highest point
- 6,267 mChimborazo
- Lowest point
- 0 mPacific Ocean
- Climate
Tropical along coast, becoming cooler inland at higher elevations; tropical in Amazonian jungle lowlands - Avg. temperature
- 20.6 °C
- Avg. daily range
- 17.7 to 24.6 °C
- Annual precipitation
- 3,191 mm
Temperature °CMeanDaily rangePrecipitation mmMonthly climate normals Month Avg. high, °C Mean, °C Avg. low, °C Precipitation, mm January 25 21.1 18.1 302 February 25.1 21.2 18.3 334 March 25.2 21.2 18.4 379 April 25.1 21.2 18.4 357 May 24.7 20.9 18.1 311 June 23.8 20.1 17.4 244 July 23.4 19.7 16.8 214 August 23.9 19.8 16.6 171 September 24.5 20.2 16.9 182 October 24.9 20.5 17.4 209 November 24.9 20.7 17.7 223 December 25 20.9 18 265 Country-wide averages over 1991–2020.
Sources:- The World Factbook: Ecuador - CIA
- Climate Change Knowledge Portal (ERA5 reanalysis) ↗ - World Bank
- Weather
- Loading
- Land use2023
- Arable4.1%Perm. crops5.6%Pasture11.8%Forest49.8%Other28.6%
- Arable land
- 1,028,000 hectares (4.1%)
- Permanent crops
- 1,380,000 hectares (5.6%)
- Permanent meadows & pastures
- 2,941,000 hectares (11.8%)
- Forest
- 12,370,628 hectares (49.8%)
- Other land
- 7,115,372 hectares (28.6%)
Source: - Natural hazards2026
- Earthquakes9.5Very high#6/191Tsunamis9.0Very high#5/191River floods6.5High#57/191Epidemics6.1High#53/191Coastal floods4.9High#65/191Drought3.4Low#87/191Tropical cyclones0.0Very low
Scores out of 10, ranks out of 191 countries.
Source:- INFORM Risk Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
- Location, Land borders, Coastline, Terrain, Mean elevation, Highest point, Lowest point, Climate:The World Factbook: Ecuador - CIA
- Climate:Climate Change Knowledge Portal (ERA5 reanalysis) ↗ - World Bank
- Land use:FAOSTAT Land Use domain ↗ - FAO
- Natural hazards:INFORM Risk Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
Demographics
- Population change2026
- +0.85% per year+154,610 people/yearWorld Rank110thof 237
- Birth rate
- 14.5 per 1,000 population
- Death rate
- 5.3 per 1,000 population
- Net migration rate
- −0.8 per 1,000 population
- 2026
- 29.7 yearsWorld Rank138thof 237
- Age structure2026
- 0-14 years23.3%15-64 years67.8%65 years +8.9%
- Share aged 65 and over
- 8.9%
- Share aged under 18
- 28.6%
- Total dependency ratio
- 47
- Youth dependency ratio
- 34
- Elderly dependency ratio
- 13
- Sex ratio
- 0.99 male / female
MaleAgeFemalePopulation by age group, % of total population Age Male Female 80+ 0.7% 1.0% 70-79 1.9% 2.2% 60-69 3.3% 3.6% 50-59 4.8% 5.0% 40-49 6.5% 6.5% 30-39 7.9% 7.8% 20-29 8.5% 8.3% 10-19 8.6% 8.3% 0-9 7.7% 7.4% - 2026
- 0.32 below the replacement level for Ecuador ()1.78 births per womanreplacement 2.10123World Rank127thof 237
- 0.85 daughters per woman0.15 below replacement, long-run each generation smaller than the lastreplacement 1.000.511.5
- 2026
- +9.2 per 1,000 populationfor every 1,000 people, 9.2 more births than deaths a year
- 2026
- −0.8 per 1,000 population
- Urbanization2026
- 63.6% live in cities11,729,632 urban residents
- Largest cities2022
- Guayaquil, Quito, Cuenca, Santo Domingo de los ColoradosRankCity or LocalityPopulation (2022 census)1Guayaquil2,650,2882Quito1,763,2753Cuenca361,5244Santo Domingo de los Colorados334,8265Durán295,2116Machala288,0727Manta258,6978Calderón249,9419Portoviejo244,12910Loja203,496Source:
- National Institute of Statistics and Censuses, Ecuador (2022 census), via City Population by Thomas Brinkhoff ↗
- Population distribution
- Nearly half of the population is concentrated in the interior, with large concentrations also found along the western coastal strip; the rainforests of the east remain sparsely populated.
- Ethnic groups2022
- Mestizo77.5%Montubio7.7%Indigenous7.7%White2.2%Afroecuadorian2.0%Mulatto1.4%Black1.3%Other0.1%
Mestizo denotes mixed Indigenous and White ancestry.
Source:- The World Factbook: Ecuador - CIA
- Religions2023
- Roman Catholic68.2%Protestant19.0%Jehovah's Witness1.4%Other2.3%None8.2%Don't know/no response1.0%
- Protestant
- 19.0%
- Evangelical
- 18.3%
- Adventist
- 0.6%
- Other Protestant
- 0.2%
Source:- The World Factbook: Ecuador - CIA
- Languages
- Spanish (Español)
- Population, Population change, Median age, Age structure, Total fertility rate, Net reproduction rate, Natural change, Net migration rate:UN World Population Prospects ↗
- Urbanization:UN World Urbanization Prospects ↗
- Largest cities:National Institute of Statistics and Censuses, Ecuador (2022 census), via City Population by Thomas Brinkhoff ↗
- Population distribution, Ethnic groups, Religions:The World Factbook: Ecuador - CIA
Government & Administration
- Form of state
- RepublicThe President of the Republic is head of state, elected on a joint ticket with the Vice-President by absolute majority, with a run-off if needed, for four years and re-eligible once (Arts. 141, 143, 144).
- System of government
- PresidentialThe President is also head of government and appoints and removes ministers alone; the National Assembly can remove ministers by impeachment, and a presidential dissolution of the Assembly triggers both legislative and presidential elections (Arts. 141, 147, 131, 148).
- Territorial organisation
- Unitary
- Official websites
- Government (in Spanish)
- President (in Spanish)
- Parliament (in Spanish)
- Capital
- Quito1.8 million people(2022)
- National holidays
- 12 days in 2026
- ThuJan 1New Year's Day
- MonFeb 16Carnival
- TueFeb 17Carnival
- FriApr 3Good Friday
- FriMay 1Labor Day
- SunMay 24The Battle of Pichincha
- MonMay 25The Battle of Pichincha (observed)
- MonAug 10Declaration of Independence of Quito
- FriOct 9Independence of Guayaquil
- MonNov 2All Souls' Day
- TueNov 3Independence of Cuenca
- FriDec 25Christmas Day
Nationwide public holidays only, excluding regional, bank and government-only days.
- Time
- ECTEcuador TimeUTC−5
Ecuador spans multiple time zones, the capital's is shown here. All 2 time zones
- Currency
- US Dollar (USD)
- Entry requirements
- Official visa and entry information (in Spanish)
- Calling code
- +593
- Internet TLD
- .ec
- ISO 3166-1 codes
- EC, ECU
- Infrastructure
- Passengers carried
- 4,567,423 by the country's airlines(2023)
- Heliports
- 28
- Aircraft departures
- 40,797 by the country's airlines(2023)
- Air freight
- 120 million tonne-km(2023)
- Aircraft registration prefix
- HC
Sources:- The World Factbook: Ecuador - CIA
- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- 2025
- 33 / 100World Rank116thof 182Confidence interval
Corruption index score by year Year Score Lower bound Upper bound 2012 32 28 37 2013 35 29 41 2014 33 27 39 2015 32 27 37 2016 31 28 35 2017 32 28 36 2018 34 28 40 2019 38 34.4 41.6 2020 39 36.2 41.8 2021 36 33.4 38.6 2022 36 34.2 37.8 2023 34 31.6 36.4 2024 32 28.2 35.8 2025 33 29.9 36.1 Source:- Corruption Perceptions Index 2025 ↗ - Transparency International, CC BY 4.0
- Form of state, System of government, Territorial organisation:Constitución de la República del Ecuador, Registro Oficial No. 449 de 20 de octubre de 2008, consolidated text incorporating the rulings of the Constitutional Court ↗ - National Assembly of Ecuador
- National holidays:Open World Holidays Framework (vacanza/holidays) ↗
- Infrastructure:The World Factbook: Ecuador - CIA
- Infrastructure:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Corruption Perceptions Index:Corruption Perceptions Index 2025 ↗ - Transparency International, CC BY 4.0
Economy
- Upper middle income
- GDP growth (real)2026
- +2.7% per yearWorld Rank107thof 195
- GDP per capita (PPP)2026
- GDP per capita (nominal)
- $7,575 (109th in the world)
Source:- 2025
- Services57% of GDPIndustry25.7% of GDPAgriculture9.7% of GDPManufacturing13.2%part of industry
- Households
- +62.7%
- Government
- +12.8%
- Investment
- +20.9%
- Exports
- +31.4%
- Imports
- −27.9%
The shape of the economyGDP by end useSource:- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Inflation2026
- 2%up 1.3 percentage points1.3pp from 2025
- Labor force2024
- 8.8 million (49% of population)World Rank61stof 187
- Labor force participation2024
- 64.5% of people aged 15+
- Unemployment2024
- 3.5%
- Youth unemployment2024
- 8.6% ages 15 to 24
- Labor productivity2024
- $15.3 per hour worked at PPP
- Budget balance2025
- 2.8% of GDP deficit
- Current account
- 4.6% of GDP, $6.4 billion surplus(2026)
Source: - Debt
- Central government debt2018latest available43% of GDPInterest on debt20242.3% of GDP
- Trade2025
- Goods$37.4 billion90%
- Services$4.1 billion10%
- Total exports
- $41.6 billion
- Change from 2024
- up 7.7 percent on the previous year7.7%
Sources:- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- The World Factbook: Ecuador - CIA
- 2024
- −0.79World Rank109thof 145
- Projected GDP growth
- +2.1% a year over the next 10 years
Source:- Atlas of Economic Complexity ↗ - Harvard Growth Lab
- Agricultural products2024
- Cocoa beans, Bananas, Plantains and cooking bananas, and 7 more
- 1Cocoa beans33.2×
- 2Bananas23.4×
- 3Plantains and cooking bananas10.4×
- 4Pineapples5.7×
- 5Oil palm fruit2.7×
- 6Meat of chickens (fresh or chilled)1.9×
- 7Sugar cane1.4×
- 8Raw milk of cattle1.1×
- 9Rice0.8×
- 10Maize (corn)0.4×
ProductSource:- FAOSTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Gold reserves2025
- 26.3 tonnesWorth $3.7 billion, 38% of total official reserves by value
- Industries
- petroleum, food processing, textiles, wood products, chemicals
- Income level, GDP by sector, Trade, Gold reserves:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- GDP (nominal), GDP growth (real), GDP per capita (PPP), Inflation, Budget balance:IMF World Economic Outlook ↗
- Labor force, Labor force participation, Unemployment, Youth unemployment, Labor productivity:ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
- Debt:IMF Global Debt Database ↗
- Debt:IMF Public Finances in Modern History ↗
- Trade, Industries:The World Factbook: Ecuador - CIA
- Economic Complexity Index:Atlas of Economic Complexity ↗ - Harvard Growth Lab
- Agricultural products:FAOSTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
Cost of Living
- Cost of living index
- Loading
- Monthly costs (excluding rent)
- Loading
- Rent
- Loading
- Buying an apartment
- Loading
- Average gross salary2025
- $538 per month$1,220 (PPP)
- Median
- $470 per month
- Men
- $529 per month
- Women
- $557 per month
Source:- ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
- 2024
- $39 per month, gross$87 (PPP)
- Average gross salary, Minimum wage:ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
Society
- 2023
- 0.777HighWorld Rank88thof 193EcuadorWorld
Human Development Index by year Year Ecuador World 1990 0.646 0.608 1991 0.649 0.611 1992 0.654 0.614 1993 0.660 0.617 1994 0.667 0.620 1995 0.672 0.625 1996 0.677 0.631 1997 0.682 0.636 1998 0.684 0.641 1999 0.682 0.646 2000 0.683 0.651 2001 0.691 0.657 2002 0.698 0.662 2003 0.703 0.669 2004 0.709 0.675 2005 0.714 0.681 2006 0.718 0.688 2007 0.722 0.694 2008 0.729 0.698 2009 0.731 0.701 2010 0.737 0.707 2011 0.743 0.713 2012 0.750 0.717 2013 0.755 0.721 2014 0.760 0.726 2015 0.764 0.731 2016 0.761 0.735 2017 0.764 0.739 2018 0.767 0.741 2019 0.765 0.745 2020 0.740 0.742 2021 0.753 0.742 2022 0.773 0.752 2023 0.777 0.756 Source:- Human Development Report ↗ - United Nations Development Programme
- 2025
- 45.9
- Mean years of schooling2023
- 9 years
- Expected for a child today
- 14.9 years
Source:- Human Development Report ↗ - United Nations Development Programme
- Literacy2024
- 93.5% of adults
- Education expenditure2024
- 3.7% of GDP
- Share of government spending
- 9.7%
Source:- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Internet users2024
- 77.2% of the population
- Households with Internet access
- 66%
Source:- ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Mobile subscriptions2024
- 18.4 million
- Fixed telephone lines
- 1,218,354
- Fixed broadband
- 17.2 subscriptions per 100 people
Counts subscriptions, not people.
Source:- ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Credit-card ownership2024
- 14% of adults
- Debit-card ownership
- 46%
- Account at a bank or mobile-money provider
- 65%
- Mobile-money account
- 10%
- Made or received a digital payment
- 43%
Source:- Global Findex Database ↗ - World Bank
- Refugees hosted2025
- 25,453 people
- Asylum seekers
- 5,367
- Internally displaced persons
- 316,000All due to conflicts
- Refugees from Ecuador abroad
- 5,133
Sources:- Refugee Data Finder ↗ - UN Refugee Agency
- Global Internal Displacement Database ↗ - Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre
- Inbound tourists2022
- 1.3 million visitor arrivals(overnight and same-day)Official tourism site
- $1.8 billion(2024)
- Share of GDP
- 2.3% tourism direct GDP(2019, latest available)
- Domestic trips
- 9.8 million overnight trips by residents
- Residents' trips abroad
- 1.3 million overnight trips
- $1.7 billion(2024)
- Hotel beds
- 102,201
- Average hotel stay
- 7 nights
Overnight and same-day visits are not published separately. Arrivals count trips, not people.
Source:- UN Tourism Data Dashboard ↗ - UN Tourism
- UNESCO World Heritage Sites
- 5 sites3 cultural2 natural
Site Type Historic Quito Cultural Galápagos Islands Natural Historic Cuenca Cultural Qhapaq Ñan/Andean Road System Cultural Sangay National Park Natural Source:- The World Factbook: Ecuador - CIA
- Human Development Index, Mean years of schooling:Human Development Report ↗ - United Nations Development Programme
- Income inequality (Gini), Education expenditure:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Literacy:UIS Data Browser ↗ - UNESCO Institute for Statistics
- Internet users, Mobile subscriptions:ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Credit-card ownership:Global Findex Database ↗ - World Bank
- Refugees hosted:Refugee Data Finder ↗ - UN Refugee Agency
- Refugees hosted:Global Internal Displacement Database ↗ - Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre
- Inbound tourists:UN Tourism Data Dashboard ↗ - UN Tourism
- UNESCO World Heritage Sites:The World Factbook: Ecuador - CIA
Crime & Safety
- Travel advisory (US)
- Loading
- Active humanitarian crisisAug 2026
- High7.4 out of 10Conflict and violence, Floods, International displacement
Crisis Since Sep 2024 Severity Country overallAll crises below combined 7.4High Conflict, violence and Climatic Shocks in EcuadorConflict and violence, Drought and drier conditions, Floods 7.2High Displacement from Venezuela to EcuadorInternational displacement 5.5Medium Data reliability as rated by INFORM: High. Last updated Aug 31, 2026.
Source:- INFORM Severity Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
- Homicide rate2024
- Very high by global standards38.9 per 100,000 peopleWorld Rank5thof 115
- Crime rates
- 7 offence categories
Offence Per 100,000 Count Year Homicide (victims) 38.9 7,062 2024 Serious assault 37.1 6,677 2023 Sexual violence 86.6 15,571 2023 Kidnapping 15.2 2,724 2023 Burglary 315.5 56,241 2022 Theft 111.1 19,807 2022 Vehicle theft 80.1 12,843 2014 A low figure can also mean weak recording.
Source:- UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
- Prison population2023
- 173.4 per 100,000 people
- Persons held
- 31,177
Source:- UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
- Active humanitarian crisis:INFORM Severity Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
- Homicide rate, Crime rates, Prison population:UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
Health
- Life expectancy2026
- 77.9 years
- Health expenditure2023
- 7.6% of GDP$509 per person
- Physicians2020
- 2.31 per 1,000 population
- Hospital beds2023
- 1.3 per 1,000 population
- Infant mortality2026
- 9.3 per 1,000 live births
- Maternal mortality2023
- 55 per 100,000 live births
- Alcohol consumption2022
- 2.7 litres of pure alcohol per adult per year
- Tobacco use2015latest available
- 11.3% of adults
- Men
- 19.1%
- Women
- 3.5%
Source:- Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Alcohol and Tobacco Spending2023
- 0.9% of household spendingWorld Rank92ndof 105
- World median
- 3.1%
Source:- The World Factbook: Ecuador - CIA
- Road traffic deaths2019
- 20.1 per 100,000 population
- Life expectancy, Infant mortality:UN World Population Prospects ↗
- Health expenditure, Physicians, Hospital beds, Road traffic deaths:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Maternal mortality:Maternal mortality estimates ↗ - UN Maternal Mortality Estimation Inter-agency Group
- Alcohol consumption, Tobacco use:Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Alcohol and Tobacco Spending:The World Factbook: Ecuador - CIA
Environment
- CO₂ emissions2024
- 48 Mt per yearup 2.5 percent on the previous year2.5% from 2023
- CO₂ per capita
- 2.6 t per personWorld Rank108thof 207
- Share of global CO₂
- 0.12%
- Methane (CH₄)
- 21.7 Mt CO₂-eq
- Nitrous oxide (N₂O)
- 3.83 Mt CO₂-eq
- Fluorinated gases
- 0.94 Mt CO₂-eq
- All greenhouse gases
- 74.4 Mt CO₂-eq
Source:- Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ↗ - European Commission, Joint Research Centre
- 2024
- 17 µg/m³ of PM2.51.2 years of life expectancy lost against the WHO guidelineMost polluted78thof 236
- WHO guideline
- 5 µg/m³
- National standard
- 15 µg/m³
- Life expectancy gain if the national standard were met
- 0.2 years
Source:- Air Quality Life Index ↗ - Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago
- Environmental issues
- deforestation
- soil erosion
- desertification
- water pollution
- pollution from oil production wastes in areas of the Amazon Basin and Galapagos Islands
Source:- The World Factbook: Ecuador - CIA
- International agreements
- 20 of 20 landmark treaties in forceParty to 102 multilateral environmental agreements
Treaty Standing Joined Climate Paris Agreement in force 2017 UN Framework Convention on Climate Change in force 1994 Kyoto Protocol in force 2005 Ozone layer Montreal Protocol in force 1990 Vienna Convention (Ozone Layer) in force 1990 Biodiversity Convention on Biological Diversity in force 1993 CITES in force 1975 Convention on Migratory Species (Bonn) in force 2004 Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety in force 2003 Nagoya Protocol in force 2017 Land and heritage Ramsar Convention on Wetlands in force 1991 World Heritage Convention in force 1975 UN Convention to Combat Desertification in force 1996 Chemicals and waste Basel Convention in force 1993 Rotterdam Convention (PIC) in force 2004 Stockholm Convention (POPs) in force 2004 Minamata Convention on Mercury in force 2017 Oceans UN Convention on the Law of the Sea in force 2012 High Seas Treaty (BBNJ) in force 2026 MARPOL 73/78 in force 1986 Source:- International Environmental Agreements Database ↗ - Université Laval
- CO₂ emissions:Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ↗ - European Commission, Joint Research Centre
- Air pollution:Air Quality Life Index ↗ - Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago
- Environmental issues:The World Factbook: Ecuador - CIA
- International agreements:International Environmental Agreements Database ↗ - Université Laval
Food & Water
- No access to safe drinking water2022
- 13.1% of the population
- Renewable water2022
- 442 billion m³ per year
- Per person
- 24,821 m³ per year
- Dependency ratio
- 0% originates outside the country
- Annual water withdrawal
- 9.9 billion m³ per year
- Withdrawn for agriculture
- 81%
- Water stress
- 7% of available freshwater withdrawn
Source:- AQUASTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Undernourishment2022
- 14% of the population2.5 million people
- Obesity2024
- 28.9% of adults
- Men
- 23.7%
- Women
- 33.9%
Source:- Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Underweight children2024
- 4.9% of children under five
- No access to safe drinking water, Renewable water:AQUASTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Undernourishment:Food security indicators (FAOSTAT) ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Obesity:Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Underweight children:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
Energy
- Energy consumption2024
- Per capita
- 38.9 GJ per person
- Share of world total
- 0.11%
- Supply
- Surplusproduces 1.7× what it consumes, 2024
Source:- International Energy Statistics ↗ - U.S. Energy Information Administration
- Electricity2024
- Net importer, net 0.7 TWh in 2024, 2.5% of consumption33 TWh generated per year
- Generation
- 33 TWh per year
- Consumption
- 28 TWh per year
- Imports
- 1.2 TWh per year
- Exports
- 0.5 TWh per year
- Net
- −0.7 TWh per year
Source:- International Energy Statistics ↗ - U.S. Energy Information Administration
- Oil, gas & coal
- Surplusproduces 1.7× what it consumes, 2024Oil reserves20258.3 billion barrelsWorld Rank18thof 99Exports2018349,447 b/d
Oil imports and exports count crude oil only.
- Energy consumption, Electricity, Oil, gas & coal:International Energy Statistics ↗ - U.S. Energy Information Administration
- Oil, gas & coal:Worldwide Oil and Gas Survey ↗ - Oil & Gas Journal
Defense
- Military expenditure2024
- 2.2% of GDP$2.7 billion, 5.5% of government spending
- Military personnel2025
- approximately 40,000active Ecuadorian Armed Forces
- Military service2025
- Voluntaryno conscription since 2008; men and women 18–22; 12-month service obligation
In 2024, women made up about 5% of the active military.
Source:- The World Factbook: Ecuador - CIA
- Space program2025
- Ecuadorian Civilian Space Agency (EXA; a civilian independent research and development institution in charge of the administration and execution of Ecuador’s space program, established 2007)
Has a small program focused on acquiring and manufacturing satellites; builds scientific satellites; conducts research and develops some space-related technologies; has relationships with China and Russia's space agencies and industries, as well as the Latin American and Caribbean Space Agency and its member states
- 2007
- An Ecuadorian completed a suborbital astronaut training program provided by Russia
- 2013
- First two domestically designed and built scientific/technology demonstrator satellites (NEE-01/Pegasus, NEE-02/Krysaor) launched by China and Russia
- 2021
- Signed accords for the Latin American and Caribbean Space Agency
- 2023
- Signed US-led Artemis Accords for space exploration
Key milestones
Source:- The World Factbook: Ecuador - CIA
- Nuclear weapons2026
- None - no nuclear arsenal
- Military expenditure:SIPRI Military Expenditure Database ↗ - Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
- Military expenditure:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Military personnel, Military service, Space program:The World Factbook: Ecuador - CIA
- Nuclear weapons:Status of World Nuclear Forces ↗ - Federation of American Scientists
