National Identity
- Official name
- Republic of Ghana
- Name etymology
named for a tribal chieftain who ruled a large part of the region prior to the 13th century, even though his territory was northwest of modern-day Ghana; the former name, Gold Coast, came from the gold that Portuguese explorers discovered in the region in the late 15th century
Sources:- The Constitution of the Republic of Ghana - (Amendment) ACT, 1996 ↗ - Office of the Special Prosecutor (OSP)
- The World Factbook: Ghana - CIA
- Coat of arms
- National flag
As published by Ghana Immigration Service It consists of the Pan-African colours of red, yellow, and green, in horizontal stripes, with a black five-pointed star in the centre of the gold stripe.
As published in EnglishAs published by Ghana Immigration Service Red represents the blood of those who died in the country's struggle for independence
Gold represents the mineral wealth of the country
Green symbolizes the country's rich forests and natural wealth
Black Star Symbolizes African unity and emancipation
As published in EnglishAs published by Ghana Immigration Service The Ghana flag was designed to replace the flag of the United Kingdom upon attainment of independence in 1957. It was flown until 1959, and then reinstated in 1966. [...] The Ghanaian flag was the first African flag after the flag of Ethiopia to feature these colours.
As published in EnglishAs published by Ghana Immigration Service Designer: Mrs. Theodosia Salome Okoh
As published in EnglishAs published by the Permanent Mission of Ghana to the UN The black star was adopted from the flag of the Black Star Line, a shipping line incorporated by Marcus Garvey that operated from 1919 to 1922.
As published in EnglishSources:- gis.gov.gh ↗ - Ghana Immigration Service
- ghanamissionun.org ↗ - the Permanent Mission of Ghana to the UN
- National anthem
- God Bless Our Homeland Ghana0:57
- Title
- God Bless Our Homeland Ghana
- Lyrics
- English
1God bless our homeland Ghana And make our nation great and strong, Bold to defend forever The cause of Freedom and of Right; Fill our hearts with true humility, Make us cherish fearless honesty, And help us to resist oppressors’ rule With all our will and might evermore. And help us to resist oppressors’ rule With all our will and might evermore.
2Hail to thy name, O Ghana, To thee we make our solemn vow: Steadfast to build together A nation strong in Unity; With our gifts of mind and strength of arm, Whether night or day, in the midst of storm, In ev’ry need, whate’er the call may be, To serve thee, Ghana, now and evermore. In ev’ry need, whate’er the call may be, To serve thee, Ghana, now and evermore.
3Raise high the flag of Ghana And one with Africa advance; Black star of hope and honor To all who thirst for liberty; Where the banner of Ghana free flies, May the way to freedom truly lie; Arise, arise, O sons of Ghanaland, And under God march on for evermore! Arise, arise, O sons of Ghanaland, And under God march on for evermore!
Source: - Citizens
- Ghanaians
- Official name:The Constitution of the Republic of Ghana - (Amendment) ACT, 1996 ↗ - Office of the Special Prosecutor (OSP)
- Official name, Citizens:The World Factbook: Ghana - CIA
- National flag:gis.gov.gh ↗ - Ghana Immigration Service
- National flag:ghanamissionun.org ↗ - the Permanent Mission of Ghana to the UN
- National anthem:nationalanthems.info ↗
Geography
- Location
- Western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Cote d'Ivoire and Togo
- Total area
- 238,533 km²
- Land area
- 227,533 km²
- Water area
- 11,000 km²
- Land borders
- 2,420 km(3 countries)
- Togo
- 1,098 km
- Côte d'Ivoire
- 720 km
- Burkina Faso
- 602 km
Source:- The World Factbook: Ghana - CIA
- Coastline
- 539 km
- Terrain
Mostly low plains with dissected plateau in south-central area - Mean elevation
- 190 m
- Highest point
- 885 mMount Afadjato
- Lowest point
- 0 mAtlantic Ocean
- Climate
Tropical warm and comparatively dry along southeast coast; hot and humid in southwest; hot and dry in north - Avg. temperature
- 27.4 °C
- Avg. daily range
- 23.4 to 32 °C
- Annual precipitation
- 1,124 mm
Temperature °CMeanDaily rangePrecipitation mmMonthly climate normals Month Avg. high, °C Mean, °C Avg. low, °C Precipitation, mm January 33.2 27.4 22 16 February 34.9 29.2 24 29 March 35.1 29.8 25.2 62 April 34.1 29.3 25.2 86 May 32.7 28.2 24.6 117 June 30.6 26.7 23.6 134 July 29.1 25.7 23 146 August 28.6 25.3 22.8 170 September 29.4 25.7 22.9 181 October 31.1 26.6 23.1 121 November 32.9 27.4 22.8 44 December 32.9 27.2 22 18 Country-wide averages over 1991–2020.
Sources:- The World Factbook: Ghana - CIA
- Climate Change Knowledge Portal (ERA5 reanalysis) ↗ - World Bank
- Weather
- Loading
- Land use2023
- Arable20.7%Perm. crops11.9%Pasture22.8%Forest30.7%Other13.9%
- Arable land
- 4,709,900 hectares (20.7%)
- Permanent crops
- 2,707,600 hectares (11.9%)
- Permanent meadows & pastures
- 5,186,240 hectares (22.8%)
- Forest
- 6,984,920 hectares (30.7%)
- Other land
- 3,164,640 hectares (13.9%)
Source: - Natural hazards2026
- Epidemics7.4Very high#13/191River floods4.7Medium#106/191Coastal floods4.3Medium#81/191Tsunamis1.7Very low#92/191Drought1.3Very low#141/191Earthquakes0.1Very low#127/191Tropical cyclones0.0Very low
Scores out of 10, ranks out of 191 countries.
Source:- INFORM Risk Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
- Location, Land borders, Coastline, Terrain, Mean elevation, Highest point, Lowest point, Climate, Major rivers:The World Factbook: Ghana - CIA
- Climate:Climate Change Knowledge Portal (ERA5 reanalysis) ↗ - World Bank
- Land use:FAOSTAT Land Use domain ↗ - FAO
- Natural hazards:INFORM Risk Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
Demographics
- Population change2026
- +1.81% per year+633,285 people/yearWorld Rank57thof 237
- Birth rate
- 25.3 per 1,000 population
- Death rate
- 7.0 per 1,000 population
- Net migration rate
- −0.7 per 1,000 population
- 2026
- 21.6 yearsWorld Rank185thof 237
- Age structure2026
- 0-14 years35.0%15-64 years61.1%65 years +3.9%
- Share aged 65 and over
- 3.9%
- Share aged under 18
- 41.3%
- Total dependency ratio
- 64
- Youth dependency ratio
- 57
- Elderly dependency ratio
- 6
- Sex ratio
- 1 male / female
MaleAgeFemalePopulation by age group, % of total population Age Male Female 80+ 0.2% 0.3% 70-79 0.8% 0.9% 60-69 2.0% 2.2% 50-59 3.4% 3.6% 40-49 5.3% 5.4% 30-39 6.8% 6.8% 20-29 8.5% 8.5% 10-19 10.9% 10.7% 0-9 12.0% 11.6% - 2026
- 1.06 above the replacement level for Ghana ()3.26 births per womanreplacement 2.201234World Rank47thof 237
- 1.47 daughters per woman0.47 above replacement, long-run each generation larger than the lastreplacement 1.000.511.5
- 2026
- +18.3 per 1,000 populationfor every 1,000 people, 18.3 more births than deaths a year
- 2026
- −0.7 per 1,000 population
- Urbanization2026
- 59.5% live in cities21,234,730 urban residents
- Largest urban areas2026
- Accra, Kumasi, Sekondi-Takoradi, TamaleRankUrban AreaPopulation (2026 estimate)1Accra5,667,5162Kumasi4,357,3573Sekondi-Takoradi1,142,8754Tamale661,3165Cape Coast292,2296Koforidua251,8687Obuasi251,4158Ho248,9019Sunyani196,67510Agona Swedru176,614
Unlike official city figures, UN urban areas cover the entire built-up area, which can include multiple cities and towns.
- Population distribution
- Population is concentrated in the southern half of the country, with the highest concentrations on or near the Atlantic coast.
- Ethnic groups2021
- Akan45.7%Mole-Dagbani18.5%Ewe12.8%Ga-Dangme7.1%Gurma6.4%Guan3.2%Grusi2.7%Mande2.0%Other1.6%
- Religions2021
- Christian71.3%Muslim19.9%Traditionalist3.2%Other4.5%None1.1%
- Christian
- 71.3%
- Pentecostal/Charismatic
- 31.6%
- Protestant
- 17.4%
- Catholic
- 10.0%
- Other
- 12.3%
Source:- The World Factbook: Ghana - CIA
- Languages
- English
- Population, Population change, Median age, Age structure, Total fertility rate, Net reproduction rate, Natural change, Net migration rate:UN World Population Prospects ↗
- Urbanization, Largest cities:UN World Urbanization Prospects ↗
- Population distribution, Ethnic groups, Religions:The World Factbook: Ghana - CIA
Government & Administration
- Form of state
- RepublicThe President is Head of State, elected by universal adult suffrage and needing more than half the valid votes; the Constitution calls Ghana "a unitary republic" (Arts. 4, 57, 63).Source:
- Constitution of the Republic of Ghana, 1992 ↗, Arts. 4, 57, 63
- System of government
- PresidentialThe President is also Head of Government, with no Prime Minister; Parliament can censure individual Ministers by a two-thirds vote, after which the President may revoke their appointment, and Parliament simply stands dissolved after four years (Arts. 57, 82, 113).Source:
- Constitution of the Republic of Ghana, 1992 ↗, Arts. 57, 82, 113
- Territorial organisation
- Unitary
- Official websites
- Capital
- Accra2.1 million people(2021)
- National holidays
- 16 days in 2026
- ThuJan 1New Year's Day
- WedJan 7Constitution Day
- FriJan 9Public Holiday
- FriMar 6Independence Day
- FriMar 20Eid-ul-Fitr
- SatMar 21Shaqq Day
- FriApr 3Good Friday
- MonApr 6Easter Monday
- FriMay 1Labour Day
- WedMay 27Eid-ul-Adha
- WedJul 1Republic Day
- FriJul 3Public Holiday
- MonSep 21Founder's Day
- FriDec 4Farmers' Day
- FriDec 25Christmas Day
- SatDec 26Boxing Day
Nationwide public holidays only, excluding regional, bank and government-only days.
- Time
- GMTGreenwich Mean TimeUTC+0
- Currency
- Ghanaian Cedi (GHS)
- Entry requirements
- Official visa and entry information
- Calling code
- +233
- Internet TLD
- .gh
- ISO 3166-1 codes
- GH, GHA
- Infrastructure
- Railways947 km
- Passengers carried
- 597,343 by the country's airlines(2019)
- Heliports
- 7
- Aircraft departures
- 15,617 by the country's airlines(2019)
- Air freight
- 0 million tonne-km(2019)
- Aircraft registration prefix
- 9G
Sources:- The World Factbook: Ghana - CIA
- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- 2025
- 43 / 100World Rank76thof 182Confidence interval
Corruption index score by year Year Score Lower bound Upper bound 2012 45 39 51 2013 46 41 51 2014 48 43 53 2015 47 42 52 2016 43 39 48 2017 40 36 44 2018 41 37 45 2019 41 36.5 45.5 2020 43 40.5 45.5 2021 43 40.5 45.5 2022 43 40.7 45.3 2023 43 40.6 45.4 2024 42 39.2 44.8 2025 43 40.5 45.5 Source:- Corruption Perceptions Index 2025 ↗ - Transparency International, CC BY 4.0
- Form of state, System of government, Territorial organisation:Constitution of the Republic of Ghana, 1992 ↗ - Ghana Audit Service
- National holidays:Open World Holidays Framework (vacanza/holidays) ↗
- Infrastructure:The World Factbook: Ghana - CIA
- Infrastructure:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Corruption Perceptions Index:Corruption Perceptions Index 2025 ↗ - Transparency International, CC BY 4.0
Economy
- Lower middle income
- GDP growth (real)2026
- +5.7% per yearWorld Rank22ndof 195
- GDP per capita (PPP)2026
- GDP per capita (nominal)
- $3,604 (144th in the world)
Source:- 2025
- Services42.9% of GDPIndustry29.3% of GDPAgriculture21.3% of GDPManufacturing10.1%part of industry
- Households
- +83%
- Government
- +4.8%
- Investment
- +9.9%
- Exports
- +35.1%
- Imports
- −33.9%
The shape of the economyGDP by end useSource:- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Inflation2026
- 4.8%down 9.4 percentage points9.4pp from 2025
- Labor force2024
- 13 million (38% of population)World Rank45thof 187
- Labor force participation2024
- 59.1% of people aged 15+
- Unemployment2024
- 2.8%
- Youth unemployment2024
- 5.3% ages 15 to 24
- Labor productivity2024
- $11.3 per hour worked at PPP
- Budget balance2026
- 2.2% of GDP deficit
- Current account
- 6% of GDP, $7.7 billion surplus
Source: - Debt2024
- Central government debt70.5% of GDPInterest on debt4% of GDP
- Trade2025
- Goods$31.2 billion75.6%
- Services$10.1 billion24.4%
- Total exports
- $41.3 billion
- Change from 2024
- up 45.3 percent on the previous year45.3%
Sources:- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- The World Factbook: Ghana - CIA
- 2024
- −1.11World Rank124thof 145
- Projected GDP growth
- +2.5% a year over the next 10 years
Source:- Atlas of Economic Complexity ↗ - Harvard Growth Lab
- Agricultural products2024
- Yams, Plantains and cooking bananas, Taro, and 7 more
- 1Yams20.7×
- 2Plantains and cooking bananas18.8×
- 3Taro18.4×
- 4Cassava (fresh)15.5×
- 5Pineapples4.5×
- 6Groundnuts (in shell)2.1×
- 7Oranges2×
- 8Oil palm fruit1.5×
- 9Maize (corn)0.6×
- 10Rice0.4×
ProductSource:- FAOSTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Industries
- mining, lumbering, light manufacturing, aluminum smelting, food processing, cement, small commercial ship building, petroleum
- Income level, GDP by sector, Trade:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- GDP (nominal), GDP growth (real), GDP per capita (PPP), Inflation, Budget balance:IMF World Economic Outlook ↗
- Labor force, Labor force participation, Unemployment, Youth unemployment, Labor productivity:ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
- Debt:IMF Global Debt Database ↗
- Debt:IMF Public Finances in Modern History ↗
- Trade, Industries:The World Factbook: Ghana - CIA
- Economic Complexity Index:Atlas of Economic Complexity ↗ - Harvard Growth Lab
- Agricultural products:FAOSTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
Cost of Living
- Cost of living index
- Loading
- Monthly costs (excluding rent)
- Loading
- Rent
- Loading
- Buying an apartment
- Loading
- Average gross salary2025
- GHS 2,728 per month$217 (USD), $520 (PPP)
- Median
- GHS 1,732 per month($138)
- Men
- GHS 3,190 per month($254)
- Women
- GHS 1,953 per month($156)
Source:- ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
- 2024
- GHS 472 per month, gross$33 (USD), $100 (PPP)
- Average gross salary, Minimum wage:ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
Society
- 2023
- 0.628MediumWorld Rank143rdof 193GhanaWorld
Human Development Index by year Year Ghana World 1990 0.432 0.608 1991 0.438 0.611 1992 0.444 0.614 1993 0.450 0.617 1994 0.453 0.620 1995 0.459 0.625 1996 0.465 0.631 1997 0.469 0.636 1998 0.475 0.641 1999 0.480 0.646 2000 0.487 0.651 2001 0.486 0.657 2002 0.493 0.662 2003 0.495 0.669 2004 0.503 0.675 2005 0.515 0.681 2006 0.524 0.688 2007 0.534 0.694 2008 0.546 0.698 2009 0.551 0.701 2010 0.558 0.707 2011 0.568 0.713 2012 0.575 0.717 2013 0.582 0.721 2014 0.580 0.726 2015 0.588 0.731 2016 0.590 0.735 2017 0.594 0.739 2018 0.600 0.741 2019 0.609 0.745 2020 0.614 0.742 2021 0.618 0.742 2022 0.625 0.752 2023 0.628 0.756 Source:- Human Development Report ↗ - United Nations Development Programme
- 2016latest available
- 43.5
- Mean years of schooling2023
- 7.1 years
- Expected for a child today
- 11.4 years
Source:- Human Development Report ↗ - United Nations Development Programme
- Literacy2021
- 76.5% of adults
- Education expenditure2022
- 2.9% of GDP
- Share of government spending
- 13.2%
Source:- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Internet users2024
- 72.2% of the population
- Households with Internet access
- 73.5%
Source:- ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Mobile subscriptions2024
- 39.1 million
- Fixed telephone lines
- 269,356
- Fixed broadband
- 0.7 subscriptions per 100 people
Counts subscriptions, not people.
Source:- ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Credit-card ownership2024
- 4% of adults
- Debit-card ownership
- 15%
- Account at a bank or mobile-money provider
- 81%
- Mobile-money account
- 78%
- Made or received a digital payment
- 80%
Source:- Global Findex Database ↗ - World Bank
- Refugees hosted2025
- 18,351 people
- Asylum seekers
- 549
- Internally displaced persons
- 3,900All due to conflicts
- Refugees from Ghana abroad
- 15,067
Sources:- Refugee Data Finder ↗ - UN Refugee Agency
- Global Internal Displacement Database ↗ - Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre
- Inbound tourists2022
- Official tourism site915,000 arrivalsdown 19% against 201919% below 2019World Rank85thof 139
- Per resident
- 2.8 arrivals per 100 residents
- $1.3 billion(2024)
- Residents' trips abroad
- 159,800 overnight trips(2020, latest available)
- $1.8 billion(2024)
- Hotel beds
- 58,790(2020, latest available)
Overnight arrivals by year2010 to 2022A tourist stays at least one night. Arrivals count trips, not people.
Source:- UN Tourism Data Dashboard ↗ - UN Tourism
- UNESCO World Heritage Sites
- 2 sites2 cultural
Site Forts and Castles, Volta, Greater Accra, Central and Western Regions Asante Traditional Buildings Source:- The World Factbook: Ghana - CIA
- Human Development Index, Mean years of schooling:Human Development Report ↗ - United Nations Development Programme
- Income inequality (Gini), Education expenditure:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Literacy:UIS Data Browser ↗ - UNESCO Institute for Statistics
- Internet users, Mobile subscriptions:ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Credit-card ownership:Global Findex Database ↗ - World Bank
- Refugees hosted:Refugee Data Finder ↗ - UN Refugee Agency
- Refugees hosted:Global Internal Displacement Database ↗ - Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre
- Inbound tourists:UN Tourism Data Dashboard ↗ - UN Tourism
- UNESCO World Heritage Sites:The World Factbook: Ghana - CIA
Crime & Safety
- Travel advisory (US)
- Loading
- Active humanitarian crisisAug 2026
- None - no active crisis
- Homicide rate2022
- Low by global standards1.8 per 100,000 peopleWorld Rank62ndof 115
- Crime rates
- 4 offence categories
Offence Per 100,000 Count Year Homicide (victims) 1.8 607 2022 Serious assault 156.6 50,939 2021 Sexual violence 5.7 1,839 2021 Kidnapping 0.4 118 2021 A low figure can also mean weak recording.
Source:- UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
- Prison population2022
- 41.2 per 100,000 people
- Persons held
- 13,641
Source:- UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
- Active humanitarian crisis:INFORM Severity Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
- Homicide rate, Crime rates, Prison population:UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
Health
- Life expectancy2026
- 66.1 years
- Health expenditure2023
- 2.9% of GDP$70 per person
- Physicians2023
- 0.27 per 1,000 population
- Hospital beds2015
- 0.7 per 1,000 population
- Infant mortality2026
- 29.0 per 1,000 live births
- Maternal mortality2023
- 234 per 100,000 live births
- Alcohol consumption2022
- 4.4 litres of pure alcohol per adult per year
- Tobacco use2022
- 3.5% of adults
- Men
- 6.4%
- Women
- 0.7%
Source:- Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Alcohol and Tobacco Spending2023
- 0.4% of household spendingWorld Rank100thof 105
- World median
- 3.1%
Source:- The World Factbook: Ghana - CIA
- Road traffic deaths2019
- 25.7 per 100,000 population
- Life expectancy, Infant mortality:UN World Population Prospects ↗
- Health expenditure, Physicians, Hospital beds, Road traffic deaths:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Maternal mortality:Maternal mortality estimates ↗ - UN Maternal Mortality Estimation Inter-agency Group
- Alcohol consumption, Tobacco use:Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Alcohol and Tobacco Spending:The World Factbook: Ghana - CIA
Environment
- CO₂ emissions2024
- 24.2 Mt per yearup 4.1 percent on the previous year4.1% from 2023
- CO₂ per capita
- 0.7 t per personWorld Rank161stof 207
- Share of global CO₂
- 0.06%
- Methane (CH₄)
- 18.1 Mt CO₂-eq
- Nitrous oxide (N₂O)
- 3.52 Mt CO₂-eq
- Fluorinated gases
- 2.3 Mt CO₂-eq
- All greenhouse gases
- 48.1 Mt CO₂-eq
Source:- Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ↗ - European Commission, Joint Research Centre
- 2024
- 20.6 µg/m³ of PM2.51.5 years of life expectancy lost against the WHO guidelineMost polluted55thof 236
- WHO guideline
- 5 µg/m³
Source:- Air Quality Life Index ↗ - Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago
- Environmental issues
- drought in north
- deforestation
- overgrazing
- soil erosion
- poaching and habitat destruction
- water pollution
- inadequate potable water
Source:- The World Factbook: Ghana - CIA
- International agreements
- 20 of 20 landmark treaties in forceParty to 94 multilateral environmental agreements
Treaty Standing Joined Climate Paris Agreement in force 2016 UN Framework Convention on Climate Change in force 1995 Kyoto Protocol in force 2005 Ozone layer Montreal Protocol in force 1989 Vienna Convention (Ozone Layer) in force 1989 Biodiversity Convention on Biological Diversity in force 1994 CITES in force 1976 Convention on Migratory Species (Bonn) in force 1988 Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety in force 2003 Nagoya Protocol in force 2019 Land and heritage Ramsar Convention on Wetlands in force 1988 World Heritage Convention in force 1975 UN Convention to Combat Desertification in force 1997 Chemicals and waste Basel Convention in force 2003 Rotterdam Convention (PIC) in force 2004 Stockholm Convention (POPs) in force 2004 Minamata Convention on Mercury in force 2017 Oceans UN Convention on the Law of the Sea in force 1994 High Seas Treaty (BBNJ) in force 2026 MARPOL 73/78 in force 1991 Source:- International Environmental Agreements Database ↗ - Université Laval
- CO₂ emissions:Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ↗ - European Commission, Joint Research Centre
- Air pollution:Air Quality Life Index ↗ - Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago
- Environmental issues:The World Factbook: Ghana - CIA
- International agreements:International Environmental Agreements Database ↗ - Université Laval
Food & Water
- No access to safe drinking water2022
- 11.3% of the population
- Renewable water2022
- 56 billion m³ per year
- Per person
- 1,695 m³ per year
- Dependency ratio
- 46% originates outside the country
- Annual water withdrawal
- 1.5 billion m³ per year
- Withdrawn for agriculture
- 73%
- Water stress
- 6% of available freshwater withdrawn
Source:- AQUASTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Undernourishment2022
- 5.9% of the population1.9 million people
- Obesity2024
- 14.5% of adults
- Men
- 4.8%
- Women
- 23.9%
Source:- Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Underweight children2022
- 12% of children under five
- No access to safe drinking water, Renewable water:AQUASTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Undernourishment:Food security indicators (FAOSTAT) ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Obesity:Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Underweight children:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
Energy
- Energy consumption2024
- Per capita
- 11.7 GJ per person
- Share of world total
- 0.06%
- Supply
- Surplusproduces 1.5× what it consumes, 2024
Source:- International Energy Statistics ↗ - U.S. Energy Information Administration
- Electricity2024
- Net exporter, net 2.4 TWh in 2024, 13% of consumption24 TWh generated per year
- Generation
- 24 TWh per year
- Consumption
- 19 TWh per year
- Imports
- 0.1 TWh per year
- Exports
- 2.5 TWh per year
- Net
- +2.4 TWh per year
Source:- International Energy Statistics ↗ - U.S. Energy Information Administration
- Oil, gas & coal
- Surplusproduces 1.9× what it consumes, 2024Oil reserves2025660 million barrelsWorld Rank43rdof 99
Oil imports and exports count crude oil only.
- Energy consumption, Electricity, Oil, gas & coal:International Energy Statistics ↗ - U.S. Energy Information Administration
- Oil, gas & coal:Worldwide Oil and Gas Survey ↗ - Oil & Gas Journal
Defense
- Military expenditure2024
- 0.4% of GDP$268.7 million, 1.8% of government spending
- Military personnel2025
- estimated 15,000–20,000active Armed Forces
Over the past decade, Ghana has sought to increase the size of the GAF, particularly the Army, which has added a number of new units.
Source:- The World Factbook: Ghana - CIA
- Military service2025
- Voluntaryno conscription; ages 18–27
As of 2024, women comprised approximately 15% of the military; Ghanaian women first began serving in the late 1950s.
Source:- The World Factbook: Ghana - CIA
- Space program2025
- Ghana Space Science and Technology Institute (GSSTI; established 2011)
Has nascent space program focused on Earth observation, space science education, and telecommunications; seeks to exploit remote sensing (RS) technology for agriculture, natural-resource management, weather forecasting, and national security; relies on foreign imagery for analysis but seeks to develop its own RS satellite capabilities; has established cooperative relationships with China, Japan, and a number of regional states, particularly South Africa; working with Egypt, Kenya, Nigeria, Sudan, and Uganda on a satellite to monitor climate changes in the African continent; member of the African Space Agency; partner in the Square Kilometer Array radio telescope
- 2017
- First satellite (GhanaSat-1), a technology demonstration/remote sensing nanosatellite built by a Gabonese university with assistance from Japan and released from the International Space Station; established Ghana Radio Astronomy Observatory
- 2024
- Released a national space policy
Key milestones
the GSSTI is eventually slated to become the Ghana Space Agency
Source:- The World Factbook: Ghana - CIA
- Nuclear weapons2026
- None - no nuclear arsenal
- Military expenditure:SIPRI Military Expenditure Database ↗ - Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
- Military expenditure:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Military personnel, Military service, Space program:The World Factbook: Ghana - CIA
- Nuclear weapons:Status of World Nuclear Forces ↗ - Federation of American Scientists
