National Identity
- Official name
- Principality of Monaco
- Official name (in French)
- Principauté de Monaco
- Name etymology
founded as a Greek colony in the 6th century B.C., the name's origin is unclear; it could derive from the Greek term monoikos (solitary), the Ligurian word monegu (rock), or the Basque word muno (mountain)
Sources:- Constitution of the Principality ↗ - Princely Government - Principality of Monaco
- The World Factbook: Monaco - CIA
- Coat of arms
- National flag
Translated from the Prince's Government of the Principality of Monaco The national flag consists of two equal horizontal bands of red and white colour, the red in the upper part, the white in the lower part.
Unofficial translation by WorldometerAs published by the Prince's Government of Monaco the national banner recalls the colours of the Grimaldi coat of arms, which themselves recall the red and white colours of the heraldry of the Genoese Republic, the cradle of the Prince’s Family. A poetic interpretation may take from the flag that it is a representation of the blood of Saint Devota, 4th century martyr and the Principality’s patron saint.
As published in EnglishAs published by the Prince's Government of Monaco Chosen by Prince Charles III in 1881, the national banner recalls the colours of the Grimaldi coat of arms, which themselves recall the red and white colours of the heraldry of the Genoese Republic, the cradle of the Prince’s Family.
As published in EnglishSources:- legimonaco.mc ↗ - the Prince's Government of the Principality of Monaco
- gouv.mc ↗ - the Prince's Government of Monaco
- National anthem
- A Marcia de Muneghu1:18
- Title (in Monégasque)
- A Marcia de Muneghu
- Title (in English, translated)
- The March of Monaco
- Alternate title (in Monégasque)
- Inu nacionale
- Alternate title (in English, translated)
- National Anthem
- Lyrics
Despoei tugiù, sciü d’u nostru paise Se ride aù ventu, u meme pavayun Despoei tugiù a curù russa e gianca E stà r’emblèma d’a nostra libertà Grandi e piciui, r’an tugiù respeta.
Source: - Citizens
- "Monegasques" or "Monacans"
- Official name:Constitution of the Principality ↗ - Princely Government - Principality of Monaco
- Official name, Citizens:The World Factbook: Monaco - CIA
- Coat of arms:Image credit
- National flag:legimonaco.mc ↗ - the Prince's Government of the Principality of Monaco
- National flag:gouv.mc ↗ - the Prince's Government of Monaco
- National anthem:nationalanthems.info ↗
Geography
- Location
- Total area
- 2.02 km²
- Land area
- 2.02 km²
- Water area
- 0.00 km²
- Land borders
- 6 km(1 country)
- France
- 6 km
Source:- The World Factbook: Monaco - CIA
- Coastline
- 4.1 km
- Terrain
Hilly, rugged, rocky - Highest point
- 162 mChemin des Revoires on Mont Agel
- Lowest point
- 0 mMediterranean Sea
- Climate
Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers - Avg. temperature
- 14.8 °C
- Avg. daily range
- 13.4 to 16.1 °C
- Annual precipitation
- 834 mm
Temperature °CMeanDaily rangePrecipitation mmMonthly climate normals Month Avg. high, °C Mean, °C Avg. low, °C Precipitation, mm January 9.9 8.4 7.2 73 February 9.9 8.3 6.9 62 March 11.7 10.2 8.7 65 April 13.7 12.3 10.8 79 May 17.2 15.9 14.3 57 June 21 19.6 18 44 July 23.5 22.2 20.7 25 August 23.9 22.6 21.3 26 September 20.7 19.5 18.1 70 October 17.3 16 14.8 108 November 13.5 12.2 11 133 December 10.9 9.5 8.3 90 Country-wide averages over 1991–2020.
Sources:- The World Factbook: Monaco - CIA
- Climate Change Knowledge Portal (ERA5 reanalysis) ↗ - World Bank
- Weather
- Loading
- Location, Land borders, Coastline, Terrain, Highest point, Lowest point, Climate:The World Factbook: Monaco - CIA
- Climate:Climate Change Knowledge Portal (ERA5 reanalysis) ↗ - World Bank
Demographics
- Population change2026
- −0.66% per year−254 people/yearWorld Rank210thof 237
- Birth rate
- 9.7 per 1,000 population
- Death rate
- 18.8 per 1,000 population
- Net migration rate
- +2.8 per 1,000 population
- 2026
- 53.1 yearsWorld Rank2ndof 237
- Age structure2026
- 0-14 years14.1%15-64 years50.0%65 years +35.9%
- Share aged 65 and over
- 35.9%
- Share aged under 18
- 16.6%
- Total dependency ratio
- 100
- Youth dependency ratio
- 28
- Elderly dependency ratio
- 72
- Sex ratio
- 0.96 male / female
MaleAgeFemalePopulation by age group, % of total population Age Male Female 80+ 7.0% 9.0% 70-79 6.3% 6.2% 60-69 7.2% 7.3% 50-59 5.2% 5.6% 40-49 4.2% 4.7% 30-39 4.7% 4.6% 20-29 5.0% 4.7% 10-19 4.3% 4.2% 0-9 5.0% 4.8% - 2026
- 0.02 below the replacement level for Monaco ()2.08 births per womanreplacement 2.10123World Rank103rdof 237
- 1.01 daughters per woman0.01 above replacement, long-run each generation larger than the lastreplacement 1.000.511.5
- 2026
- −9.1 per 1,000 populationfor every 1,000 people, 9.1 more deaths than births a year
- 2026
- +2.8 per 1,000 population
- Urbanization2026
- 100.0% live in cities38,087 urban residents
- Largest quarters2016latest available
- Monte-Carlo, La Rousse, Condamine, Jardin ExotiqueRankQuarter or SectorPopulation (2016 census)1Monte-Carlo8,2592La Rousse7,0873Condamine5,1414Jardin Exotique5,1175Fontvielle4,4206Les Moneghetti4,1957Larvotto2,0268Monaco-Ville1,064Source:
- Government of Monaco (2016 census), via City Population by Thomas Brinkhoff ↗
- Population distribution
- The second most densely populated country in the world (after Macau); its entire population lives on 2 sq km (0.8 sq mi).
- Ethnic groups2016
- Figures count country of birth, not ethnicity.Monegasque32.1%French19.9%Italian15.3%British5.0%Belgian2.3%Swiss2.0%German1.9%Russian1.8%American1.1%Dutch1.1%Moroccan1.0%Other16.6%
- Religions
- Roman Catholic90.0%Other10.0%
Roman Catholicism is the official religion.
Source:- The World Factbook: Monaco - CIA
- Languages
- French (Français)
- Population, Population change, Median age, Age structure, Total fertility rate, Net reproduction rate, Natural change, Net migration rate:UN World Population Prospects ↗
- Urbanization:UN World Urbanization Prospects ↗
- Largest cities:Government of Monaco (2016 census), via City Population by Thomas Brinkhoff ↗
- Population distribution, Ethnic groups, Religions:The World Factbook: Monaco - CIA
Government & Administration
- Form of state
- Constitutional monarchyThe Prince holds executive power, and succession passes within the reigning Prince's direct descent by order of primogeniture, with male priority at the same degree of kinship (Arts. 2, 3, 10).Source:
- System of government
- Monarch-led executiveA Minister of State appointed by the Prince alone exercises the Government; the Minister of State and Government Councillors are responsible to the Prince, with no confidence procedure, and the Prince may dissolve the National Council (parliament) (Arts. 43, 46, 50, 74).Source:
- Constitution du 17 décembre 1962 de la Principauté de Monaco, consolidated text ↗, Arts. 43, 46, 50, 74
- Territorial organisation
- Unitary
- Official websites
- Government
- Prince
- Parliament (in French)
- Capital
- Monaco38,367 people(2023)
- National holidays
- 13 days in 2026
- ThuJan 1New Year's Day
- TueJan 27Saint Devote's Day
- MonApr 6Easter Monday
- FriMay 1Labor Day
- ThuMay 14Ascension Day
- MonMay 25Pentecost Monday
- ThuJun 4Corpus Christi
- SatAug 15Assumption Day
- SunNov 1All Saints' Day
- MonNov 2All Saints' Day (observed)
- ThuNov 19Prince's Day
- TueDec 8Immaculate Conception
- FriDec 25Christmas Day
Nationwide public holidays only, excluding regional, bank and government-only days.
- Time
- Currency
- Euro (EUR)
- Calling code
- +377
- Internet TLD
- .mc
- ISO 3166-1 codes
- MC, MCO
- Infrastructure
- Merchant fleet1 ship
- Key ports
- Monaco
- By size
- 1 very small
Source:- The World Factbook: Monaco - CIA
- Form of state, System of government, Territorial organisation:Constitution du 17 décembre 1962 de la Principauté de Monaco, consolidated text ↗ - Legimonaco, official legal database of the Principality of Monaco
- National holidays:Open World Holidays Framework (vacanza/holidays) ↗
- Infrastructure:The World Factbook: Monaco - CIA
Economy
- High income
- 2024
- Services87.2% of GDPIndustry12.8% of GDP
- Trade2021
- Source:
- The World Factbook: Monaco - CIA
- Industries
- banking, insurance, tourism, construction, small-scale industrial and consumer products
- Income level, GDP by sector:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Trade, Industries:The World Factbook: Monaco - CIA
Cost of Living
- Cost of living index
- Loading
- Monthly costs (excluding rent)
- Loading
- Rent
- Loading
- Buying an apartment
- Loading
- 2024
- €2,018 per month, gross$2,184 (USD)
- Minimum wage:ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
Society
- Education expenditure2023
- 1.7% of GDP
- Share of government spending
- 7.7%
Source:- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Internet users2024
- 99% of the population
- Households with Internet access
- 99%
Source:- ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Mobile subscriptions2024
- 41,490
- Fixed telephone lines
- 36,884
- Fixed broadband
- 55.7 subscriptions per 100 people
Counts subscriptions, not people.
Source:- ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Refugees hosted2025
- 17 people
- Inbound tourists2024
- Official tourism site348,258 arrivalsdown 4% against 20194% below 2019World Rank108thof 139
- Per resident
- 9 arrivals per resident
- Same-day visitors
- 54,500 arrivals(2022)
- Hotel beds
- 6,129
- Average hotel stay
- 2.6 nights
Overnight arrivals by year2010 to 2024A tourist stays at least one night. Arrivals count trips, not people.
Source:- UN Tourism Data Dashboard ↗ - UN Tourism
- Education expenditure:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Internet users, Mobile subscriptions:ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Refugees hosted:Refugee Data Finder ↗ - UN Refugee Agency
- Inbound tourists:UN Tourism Data Dashboard ↗ - UN Tourism
Crime & Safety
- Crime rates
- 5 offence categories
Offence Per 100,000 Count Year Serious assault 536.0 197 2015 Sexual violence 13.4 5 2016 Kidnapping 2.7 1 2016 Burglary 37.6 14 2016 Theft 1,116.0 416 2016 A low figure can also mean weak recording.
Source:- UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
- Prison population2022
- 33.4 per 100,000 people
- Persons held
- 13
Source:- UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
- Crime rates, Prison population:UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
Health
- Life expectancy2026
- 86.7 years
- Health expenditure2023
- 3.1% of GDP$8,004 per person
- Physicians2020
- 8.61 per 1,000 population
- Hospital beds2014
- 22 per 1,000 population
- Infant mortality2026
- 3.7 per 1,000 live births
- Maternal mortality2023
- 5 per 100,000 live births
- Road traffic deaths2013
- 0 per 100,000 population
- Life expectancy, Infant mortality:UN World Population Prospects ↗
- Health expenditure, Physicians, Hospital beds, Road traffic deaths:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Maternal mortality:Maternal mortality estimates ↗ - UN Maternal Mortality Estimation Inter-agency Group
Environment
- 2024
- 9.2 µg/m³ of PM2.50.4 years of life expectancy lost against the WHO guidelineMost polluted140thof 236
- WHO guideline
- 5 µg/m³
Source:- Air Quality Life Index ↗ - Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago
- International agreements
- 17 of 20 landmark treaties in forceParty to 78 multilateral environmental agreements
Treaty Standing Joined Climate Paris Agreement in force 2016 UN Framework Convention on Climate Change in force 1994 Kyoto Protocol in force 2006 Ozone layer Montreal Protocol in force 1993 Vienna Convention (Ozone Layer) in force 1993 Biodiversity Convention on Biological Diversity in force 1993 CITES in force 1978 Convention on Migratory Species (Bonn) in force 1993 Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety signed 2000, not ratified Nagoya Protocol not a party Land and heritage Ramsar Convention on Wetlands in force 1997 World Heritage Convention in force 1979 UN Convention to Combat Desertification in force 1999 Chemicals and waste Basel Convention in force 1992 Rotterdam Convention (PIC) not a party Stockholm Convention (POPs) in force 2005 Minamata Convention on Mercury in force 2017 Oceans UN Convention on the Law of the Sea in force 1996 High Seas Treaty (BBNJ) in force 2026 MARPOL 73/78 in force 1992 Source:- International Environmental Agreements Database ↗ - Université Laval
- Air pollution:Air Quality Life Index ↗ - Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago
- International agreements:International Environmental Agreements Database ↗ - Université Laval
Food & Water
Energy
Defense
- Nuclear weapons2026
- None - no nuclear arsenal
- Nuclear weapons:Status of World Nuclear Forces ↗ - Federation of American Scientists
