National Identity
- Official name
- State of Israel
- Official name (in Hebrew)
- מדינת ישראל
- Official name (in Hebrew, Romanized)
- Medinat Yisra'el
- Name etymology
named after the ancient Kingdom of Israel; according to Biblical tradition, the Jewish patriarch Jacob received the name Israel (meaning "He who struggles with God") after he wrestled with an angel of the Lord
Sources:- The Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel ↗ - Gov.il Israeli government website - Ministry of Foreign Affairs
- The World Factbook: Israel - CIA
- National emblem
- National flag
- National anthem
- Hatikvah (הַתִּקְוָה)1:14
- Title (in Hebrew)
- הַתִּקְוָה
- Title (in Hebrew, Romanized)
- Hatikvah
- Title (in English, translated)
- The Hope
- Lyrics
כָל עוד בלבב פנימה ,נפש יהודי הומייה ולפאֲתי מזרח קדימה ;עין לציון צופייה
Chorus,עוד לא אבדה תקותנו ,התקווה בת שנות אלפיים להיות עם חופשי בארצנו .ארץ ציון וירושלים להיות עם חופשי בארצנו .ארץ ציון וירושלים
Source: - Citizens
- Israelis
- Official name:The Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel ↗ - Gov.il Israeli government website - Ministry of Foreign Affairs
- Official name, Citizens:The World Factbook: Israel - CIA
- National anthem:nationalanthems.info ↗
Geography
- Location
- Total area
- 21,937 km²
- Land area
- 21,497 km²
- Water area
- 440 km²
- Land borders
- 1,068 km(5 countries)
- State of Palestine
- 389 kmGaza Strip 59 kmWest Bank 330 km
- Jordan
- 327 km(20 km are within the Dead Sea)
- Egypt
- 208 km
- Syria
- 83 km
- Lebanon
- 81 km
Source:- The World Factbook: Israel - CIA
- Coastline
- 273 km
- Terrain
Negev desert in the south; low coastal plain; central mountains; Jordan Rift Valley - Mean elevation
- 508 m
- Highest point
- 2,224 mMitspe Shlagim
- Lowest point
- −431 mDead Sea
- Climate
Temperate hot and dry in southern and eastern desert areas - Avg. temperature
- 20.3 °C
- Avg. daily range
- 15.2 to 26 °C
- Annual precipitation
- 216 mm
Temperature °CMeanDaily rangePrecipitation mmMonthly climate normals Month Avg. high, °C Mean, °C Avg. low, °C Precipitation, mm January 16.4 11.7 7.6 50 February 17.7 12.8 8.4 42 March 21 15.6 10.5 30 April 25.3 19.2 13.3 13 May 29.2 23 16.8 6 June 31.9 25.7 19.7 2 July 33.6 27.5 22 1 August 33.7 27.7 22.4 1 September 32 26 20.9 2 October 28.9 23 18 10 November 23.3 17.9 13.3 22 December 18.5 13.5 9.3 37 Country-wide averages over 1991–2020.
Sources:- The World Factbook: Israel - CIA
- Climate Change Knowledge Portal (ERA5 reanalysis) ↗ - World Bank
- Weather
- Loading
- Land use2023
- Arable12.5%Perm. crops4.7%Pasture7.6%Forest6.7%Other68.5%
- Arable land
- 271,400 hectares (12.5%)
- Permanent crops
- 101,300 hectares (4.7%)
- Permanent meadows & pastures
- 164,000 hectares (7.6%)
- Forest
- 146,000 hectares (6.7%)
- Other land
- 1,481,300 hectares (68.5%)
Source: - Major lakes
- Dead Sea1,020 km²
- Natural hazards2026
- Earthquakes6.9Very high#45/191Drought5.3High#41/191Epidemics4.7Medium#103/191Tsunamis2.7Low#82/191Coastal floods2.4Very low#120/191River floods0.3Very low#152/191Tropical cyclones0.0Very low
Scores out of 10, ranks out of 191 countries.
Source:- INFORM Risk Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
- Location, Land borders, Coastline, Terrain, Mean elevation, Highest point, Lowest point, Climate, Major lakes:The World Factbook: Israel - CIA
- Climate:Climate Change Knowledge Portal (ERA5 reanalysis) ↗ - World Bank
- Land use:FAOSTAT Land Use domain ↗ - FAO
- Natural hazards:INFORM Risk Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
Demographics
- Population change2026
- +1.37% per year+130,509 people/yearWorld Rank75thof 237
- Birth rate
- 17.8 per 1,000 population
- Death rate
- 5.6 per 1,000 population
- Net migration rate
- +1.4 per 1,000 population
- 2026
- 29.3 yearsWorld Rank142ndof 237
- Age structure2026
- 0-14 years26.9%15-64 years60.3%65 years +12.8%
- Share aged 65 and over
- 12.8%
- Share aged under 18
- 31.9%
- Total dependency ratio
- 66
- Youth dependency ratio
- 45
- Elderly dependency ratio
- 21
- Sex ratio
- 0.99 male / female
MaleAgeFemalePopulation by age group, % of total population Age Male Female 80+ 1.3% 1.8% 70-79 2.8% 3.3% 60-69 3.6% 3.9% 50-59 4.8% 4.9% 40-49 5.7% 5.8% 30-39 6.3% 6.1% 20-29 7.4% 7.2% 10-19 8.7% 8.3% 0-9 9.3% 8.8% - 2026
- 0.63 above the replacement level for Israel ()2.73 births per womanreplacement 2.10123World Rank61stof 237
- 1.32 daughters per woman0.32 above replacement, long-run each generation larger than the lastreplacement 1.000.511.5
- 2026
- +12.2 per 1,000 populationfor every 1,000 people, 12.2 more births than deaths a year
- 2026
- +1.4 per 1,000 population
- Urbanization2026
- 91.6% live in 8,840,670 urban residents
- Largest cities2021
- Jerusalem, Tel Aviv-Jaffa, Haifa, Rishon LeZionRankCity or Urban LocalityPopulation (2021 estimate)1Jerusalem966,2102Tel Aviv-Jaffa467,8753Haifa282,8324Rishon LeZion257,1285Petah Tikva252,2706Ashdod225,9757Netanya224,0668Bnei Brak212,3959Beersheba211,25110Holon197,464Source:
- Central Bureau of Statistics, Israel (2021 estimate), via City Population by Thomas Brinkhoff ↗
- Population distribution
- Population concentrated in and around Tel-Aviv, as well as around the Sea of Galilee; the south remains sparsely populated, with the exception of the shore of the Gulf of Aqaba.
- Ethnic groups2022
- Jewish73.5%Arab21.1%Other5.4%
Within the Jewish population, 79.7% are Israel-born, 14.3% Europe/America/Oceania-born, 3.9% Africa-born, and 2.1% Asia-born.
Source:- The World Factbook: Israel - CIA
- Religions2022
- Jewish73.5%Muslim18.1%Christian1.9%Druze1.6%Other4.9%
- Languages
- Hebrew (עברית)
- Population, Population change, Median age, Age structure, Total fertility rate, Net reproduction rate, Natural change, Net migration rate:UN World Population Prospects ↗
- Urbanization:UN World Urbanization Prospects ↗
- Largest cities:Central Bureau of Statistics, Israel (2021 estimate), via City Population by Thomas Brinkhoff ↗
- Population distribution, Ethnic groups, Religions:The World Factbook: Israel - CIA
Government & Administration
- Form of state
- RepublicNo Basic Law calls the State a republic or a monarchy; the nearest form clause declares the State of Israel "the nation state of the Jewish People" (Basic Law: Israel - the Nation State of the Jewish People, s. 1).Source:
- חוק-יסוד: ישראל – מדינת הלאום של העם היהודי (Basic Law: Israel - the Nation State of the Jewish People), reproduced in a teacher's guide, August 2019 ↗, Basic Law: Israel - the Nation State of the Jewish People, s. 1
- System of government
- ParliamentaryThe Government takes office on the Knesset's (parliament's) expression of confidence and can be replaced by a no-confidence vote that names a successor (Basic Law: The Government, ss. 13, 28).Source:
- חוק-יסוד: ישראל – מדינת הלאום של העם היהודי (Basic Law: Israel - the Nation State of the Jewish People), reproduced in a teacher's guide, August 2019 ↗, Basic Law: The Government, ss. 13, 28
- Territorial organisation
- Unitary
- Official websites
- Capital
- Jerusalem966,210 people(2021)
- National holidays
- 9 days in 2026
- ThuApr 2Pesach
- WedApr 8Seventh day of Pesach
- WedApr 22Independence Day
- FriMay 22Shavuot
- SatSep 12Rosh Hashanah
- SunSep 13Rosh Hashanah
- MonSep 21Yom Kippur
- SatSep 26Sukkot
- SatOct 3Simchat Torah / Shemini Atzeret
Nationwide public holidays only, excluding regional, bank and government-only days.
- Time
- Currency
- Israeli New Shekel (ILS)
- Entry requirements
- Official visa and entry information
- Calling code
- +972
- Internet TLD
- .il
- ISO 3166-1 codes
- IL, ISR
- Infrastructure
- Passengers carried
- 7,377,778 by the country's airlines(2023)
- Heliports
- 13
- Aircraft departures
- 48,607 by the country's airlines(2023)
- Air freight
- 609.7 million tonne-km(2023)
- Aircraft registration prefix
- 4X
Sources:- The World Factbook: Israel - CIA
- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Flag carrier
- El AlPrivately owned
- Passenger rail
- Israel Railways (in Hebrew)
- 2025
- 62 / 100World Rank35thof 182Confidence interval
Corruption index score by year Year Score Lower bound Upper bound 2012 60 55 64 2013 61 58 64 2014 60 56 64 2015 61 56 66 2016 64 60 68 2017 62 58 66 2018 61 59 63 2019 60 56.7 63.3 2020 60 57.8 62.2 2021 59 55.6 62.4 2022 63 59.6 66.4 2023 62 58 66 2024 64 59.2 68.8 2025 62 57.7 66.3 Source:- Corruption Perceptions Index 2025 ↗ - Transparency International, CC BY 4.0
- Form of state, System of government, Territorial organisation:חוק-יסוד: ישראל – מדינת הלאום של העם היהודי (Basic Law: Israel - the Nation State of the Jewish People), reproduced in a teacher's guide, August 2019 ↗ - Pedagogical Secretariat, Ministry of Education of Israel
- National holidays:Open World Holidays Framework (vacanza/holidays) ↗
- Infrastructure:The World Factbook: Israel - CIA
- Infrastructure:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Corruption Perceptions Index:Corruption Perceptions Index 2025 ↗ - Transparency International, CC BY 4.0
Economy
- High income
- GDP growth (real)2026
- +4.5% per yearWorld Rank46thof 195
- GDP per capita (PPP)2026
- GDP per capita (nominal)
- $72,441 (13th in the world)
Source:- 2024
- Services72.8% of GDPIndustry17.2% of GDPAgriculture1.3% of GDPManufacturing11.2%part of industry
- Households
- +48.6%
- Government
- +25%
- Investment
- +24.3%
- Exports
- +27.6%
- Imports
- −25.4%
The shape of the economyGDP by end useSource:- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Inflation2026
- 1.8%down 1.2 percentage points1.2pp from 2025
- Labor force2024
- 4.5 million (48% of population)World Rank93rdof 187
- Labor force participation2024
- 65.5% of people aged 15+
- Unemployment2024
- 3.6%
- Youth unemployment2024
- 6.2% ages 15 to 24
- Labor productivity2024
- $60.7 per hour worked at PPP
- Labor cost2024
- ₪121.47 per hour$32.83 (USD), $33.67 (PPP)
- Budget balance2026
- 5.8% of GDP deficit
- Current account
- 1.1% of GDP, $7.9 billion surplus
Source: - Debt2024
- Government debt67.8% of GDPHousehold debt42.3% of GDPCompany debt69.5% of GDPInterest on debt3.4% of GDPCentral government debt66.5% of GDP
- Trade2025
- Goods$76.2 billion45.2%
- Services$92.4 billion54.8%
- Total exports
- $168.6 billion
- Change from 2024
- up 9.7 percent on the previous year9.7%
Sources:- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- The World Factbook: Israel - CIA
- 2024
- +1.32World Rank8thof 145
- Projected GDP growth
- +2.8% a year over the next 10 years
Source:- Atlas of Economic Complexity ↗ - Harvard Growth Lab
- Agricultural products2024
- Avocados, Meat of turkeys (fresh or chilled), Pomelos and grapefruits, and 7 more
- 1Avocados40.7×
- 2Meat of turkeys (fresh or chilled)32.2×
- 3Pomelos and grapefruits27.6×
- 4Dates14.9×
- 5Meat of chickens (fresh or chilled)8.7×
- 6Carrots and turnips5.4×
- 7Lemons and limes5.1×
- 8Tangerines and mandarins (including clementines)4.9×
- 9Chillies and peppers (green)4.7×
- 10Raw milk of cattle3.8×
ProductSource:- FAOSTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Industries
- high-technology products (including aviation, communications, computer-aided design and manufactures, medical electronics, fiber optics), wood and paper products, potash and phosphates, food, beverages, and tobacco, caustic soda, cement, pharmaceuticals, construction, metal products, chemical products, plastics, cut diamonds, textiles, footwear
- Income level, GDP by sector, Trade:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- GDP (nominal), GDP growth (real), GDP per capita (PPP), Inflation, Budget balance:IMF World Economic Outlook ↗
- Labor force, Labor force participation, Unemployment, Youth unemployment, Labor productivity, Labor cost:ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
- Debt:IMF Global Debt Database ↗
- Debt:IMF Public Finances in Modern History ↗
- Trade, Industries:The World Factbook: Israel - CIA
- Economic Complexity Index:Atlas of Economic Complexity ↗ - Harvard Growth Lab
- Agricultural products:FAOSTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
Cost of Living
- Cost of living index
- Loading
- Monthly costs (excluding rent)
- Loading
- Rent
- Loading
- Buying an apartment
- Loading
- Average gross salary2021
- ₪10,928 per month$3,383 (USD), $2,700 (PPP)
- Men
- ₪13,126 per month($4,064)
- Women
- ₪8,670 per month($2,684)
Source:- ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
- 2024
- ₪5,880 per month, gross$1,589 (USD), $1,630 (PPP)
- Average gross salary, Minimum wage:ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
Society
- 2023
- 0.919Very highWorld Rank27thof 193IsraelWorld
Human Development Index by year Year Israel World 1990 0.787 0.608 1991 0.791 0.611 1992 0.794 0.614 1993 0.801 0.617 1994 0.806 0.620 1995 0.810 0.625 1996 0.817 0.631 1997 0.824 0.636 1998 0.831 0.641 1999 0.839 0.646 2000 0.839 0.651 2001 0.841 0.657 2002 0.846 0.662 2003 0.847 0.669 2004 0.850 0.675 2005 0.858 0.681 2006 0.867 0.688 2007 0.878 0.694 2008 0.878 0.698 2009 0.884 0.701 2010 0.889 0.707 2011 0.892 0.713 2012 0.893 0.717 2013 0.899 0.721 2014 0.902 0.726 2015 0.902 0.731 2016 0.905 0.735 2017 0.908 0.739 2018 0.911 0.741 2019 0.913 0.745 2020 0.912 0.742 2021 0.918 0.742 2022 0.921 0.752 2023 0.919 0.756 Source:- Human Development Report ↗ - United Nations Development Programme
- 2022
- 38.3
- Mean years of schooling2023
- 13.5 years
- Expected for a child today
- 14.9 years
Source:- Human Development Report ↗ - United Nations Development Programme
- Education expenditure2022
- 5.9% of GDP
- Share of government spending
- 16.1%
Source:- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Internet users2023
- 87% of the population
- Households with Internet access
- 86.4%
Source:- ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Mobile subscriptions2023
- 14.2 million
- Fixed telephone lines
- 2,559,860
- Fixed broadband
- 29.4 subscriptions per 100 people
Counts subscriptions, not people.
Source:- ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Credit-card ownership2021
- 79% of adults
- Debit-card ownership
- 31%
- Account at a bank or mobile-money provider
- 93%
- Made or received a digital payment
- 91%
Source:- Global Findex Database ↗ - World Bank
- Refugees hosted2025
- 1,266 people
- Asylum seekers
- 26,147
- Stateless persons
- 35
- Internally displaced persons
- 31,000All due to conflicts
- Refugees from Israel abroad
- 1,271
Sources:- Refugee Data Finder ↗ - UN Refugee Agency
- Global Internal Displacement Database ↗ - Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre
- Inbound tourists2024
- Official tourism site961,000 arrivalsdown 79% against 201979% below 2019World Rank83rdof 139
- Per resident
- 1 arrivals per 10 residents
- Same-day visitors
- 13,000 arrivals
- $2.5 billion
- Spending per arrival
- $2,570
- 1.9% tourism direct GDP(2023)
- Domestic trips
- 7.1 million overnight trips by residents(estimated)(2023)
- Residents' trips abroad
- 7.1 million overnight trips
- $8.9 billion
- Hotel beds
- 156,029
- Average hotel stay
- 3.6 nights
Overnight arrivals by year2010 to 2024A tourist stays at least one night. Arrivals count trips, not people.
Source:- UN Tourism Data Dashboard ↗ - UN Tourism
- UNESCO World Heritage Sites
- 9 sites9 cultural
Site Masada Old City of Acre White City of Tel-Aviv - the Modern Movement Biblical Tels - Megiddo, Hazor, Beer Sheba Incense Route - Desert Cities in the Negev Bahá’i Holy Places Sites of Human Evolution at Mount Carmel Caves of Maresha and Bet-Guvrin Necropolis of Bet She’arim Source:- The World Factbook: Israel - CIA
- Human Development Index, Mean years of schooling:Human Development Report ↗ - United Nations Development Programme
- Income inequality (Gini), Education expenditure:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Internet users, Mobile subscriptions:ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Credit-card ownership:Global Findex Database ↗ - World Bank
- Refugees hosted:Refugee Data Finder ↗ - UN Refugee Agency
- Refugees hosted:Global Internal Displacement Database ↗ - Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre
- Inbound tourists:UN Tourism Data Dashboard ↗ - UN Tourism
- UNESCO World Heritage Sites:The World Factbook: Israel - CIA
Crime & Safety
- Travel advisory (US)
- Loading
- Active humanitarian crisisAug 2026
- None - no active crisis
- Homicide rate2024
- Medium by global standards3.7 per 100,000 peopleWorld Rank41stof 115
- Crime rates
- 7 offence categories
Offence Per 100,000 Count Year Homicide (victims) 3.7 349 2024 Serious assault 80.7 7,471 2023 Sexual violence 81.3 7,525 2023 Kidnapping 6.6 614 2023 Burglary 154.2 14,039 2022 Theft 529.5 48,200 2022 Vehicle theft 379.3 34,532 2022 A low figure can also mean weak recording.
Source:- UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
- Prison population2023
- 213.4 per 100,000 people
- Persons held
- 19,756
Source:- UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
- Active humanitarian crisis:INFORM Severity Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
- Homicide rate, Crime rates, Prison population:UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
Health
- Life expectancy2026
- 82.9 years
- Health expenditure2023
- 7.1% of GDP$3,928 per person
- Physicians2023
- 3.8 per 1,000 population
- Hospital beds2023
- 3.1 per 1,000 population
- Infant mortality2026
- 2.8 per 1,000 live births
- Maternal mortality2023
- 2 per 100,000 live births
- Alcohol consumption2022
- 3.1 litres of pure alcohol per adult per year
- Tobacco use2023
- 21.5% of adults
- Men
- 28.9%
- Women
- 14.1%
Source:- Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Alcohol and Tobacco Spending2023
- 2.6% of household spendingWorld Rank60thof 105
- World median
- 3.1%
Source:- The World Factbook: Israel - CIA
- Road traffic deaths2019
- 3.9 per 100,000 population
- Life expectancy, Infant mortality:UN World Population Prospects ↗
- Health expenditure, Physicians, Hospital beds, Road traffic deaths:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Maternal mortality:Maternal mortality estimates ↗ - UN Maternal Mortality Estimation Inter-agency Group
- Alcohol consumption, Tobacco use:Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Alcohol and Tobacco Spending:The World Factbook: Israel - CIA
Environment
- CO₂ emissions2024
- 57.7 Mt per yeardown 4.7 percent on the previous year4.7% from 2023
- CO₂ per capita
- 3.8 t per personWorld Rank81stof 207
- Share of global CO₂
- 0.15%
- Methane (CH₄)
- 9.88 Mt CO₂-eq
- Nitrous oxide (N₂O)
- 2.51 Mt CO₂-eq
- Fluorinated gases
- 6.56 Mt CO₂-eq
- All greenhouse gases
- 76.6 Mt CO₂-eq
Source:- Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ↗ - European Commission, Joint Research Centre
- 2024
- 16.7 µg/m³ of PM2.51.1 years of life expectancy lost against the WHO guidelineMost polluted80thof 236
- WHO guideline
- 5 µg/m³
- National standard
- 25 µg/m³
Source:- Air Quality Life Index ↗ - Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago
- Environmental issues
- limited arable land and restricted natural freshwater resources
- desertification
- air pollution from industrial and vehicle emissions
- groundwater pollution from industrial and domestic waste, chemical fertilizers, and pesticides
Source:- The World Factbook: Israel - CIA
- International agreements
- 13 of 20 landmark treaties in forceParty to 60 multilateral environmental agreements
Treaty Standing Joined Climate Paris Agreement in force 2016 UN Framework Convention on Climate Change in force 1996 Kyoto Protocol in force 2005 Ozone layer Montreal Protocol in force 1992 Vienna Convention (Ozone Layer) in force 1992 Biodiversity Convention on Biological Diversity in force 1995 CITES in force 1980 Convention on Migratory Species (Bonn) in force 1983 Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety not a party Nagoya Protocol not a party Land and heritage Ramsar Convention on Wetlands in force 1997 World Heritage Convention in force 2000 UN Convention to Combat Desertification in force 1996 Chemicals and waste Basel Convention in force 1995 Rotterdam Convention (PIC) signed 1999, not ratified Stockholm Convention (POPs) signed 2001, not ratified Minamata Convention on Mercury signed 2013, not ratified Oceans UN Convention on the Law of the Sea not a party High Seas Treaty (BBNJ) not a party MARPOL 73/78 in force 1983 Source:- International Environmental Agreements Database ↗ - Université Laval
- CO₂ emissions:Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ↗ - European Commission, Joint Research Centre
- Air pollution:Air Quality Life Index ↗ - Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago
- Environmental issues:The World Factbook: Israel - CIA
- International agreements:International Environmental Agreements Database ↗ - Université Laval
Food & Water
- No access to safe drinking water2022
- 0% of the population
- Renewable water2022
- 1.8 billion m³ per year
- Per person
- 196 m³ per year
- Dependency ratio
- 58% originates outside the country
- Annual water withdrawal
- 2.6 billion m³ per year
- Withdrawn for agriculture
- 47%
- Water stress
- 130% of available freshwater withdrawn
Source:- AQUASTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Obesity2024
- 22.2% of adults
- Men
- 22.3%
- Women
- 22.1%
Source:- Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- No access to safe drinking water, Renewable water:AQUASTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Obesity:Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
Energy
- Energy consumption2024
- Per capita
- 117.1 GJ per person
- Share of world total
- 0.17%
- Supply
- Self-sufficientproduction matches consumption, 2024
Source:- International Energy Statistics ↗ - U.S. Energy Information Administration
- Electricity2024
- Exports only, 6.4 TWh exported, nothing imported in 202477 TWh generated per year
- Generation
- 77 TWh per year
- Consumption
- 67 TWh per year
- Exports
- 6.4 TWh per year
Source:- International Energy Statistics ↗ - U.S. Energy Information Administration
- Oil, gas & coal
- Deficitproduces 11% of what it consumes, 2025Oil reserves202512.7 million barrelsWorld Rank86thof 99Imports2020247,057 b/d
Oil imports and exports count crude oil only.
- Energy consumption, Electricity, Oil, gas & coal:International Energy Statistics ↗ - U.S. Energy Information Administration
- Oil, gas & coal:Worldwide Oil and Gas Survey ↗ - Oil & Gas Journal
Defense
- Military expenditure2024
- 8.8% of GDP$46.5 billion, 20% of government spending
- Military personnel2025
- approximately 170,000active-duty Defense Forces; more than 400,000 reserves
- Ground Forces
- 130,000
- Naval
- 10,000
- Air Force
- 30,000
Source:- The World Factbook: Israel - CIA
- Military service2024
- Conscriptionmen and women 18–21, up to 36 months; Jews and Druze can be conscripted, Christians, Circassians, and Muslims may volunteer; voluntary 18–28, 18 months for men and 12 for women
Conscript service obligation is up to 36 months for enlisted personnel (depending on sex, marital status, and military occupation); officers serve 48 months; Air Force pilots commit to 9 years of service.
Source:- The World Factbook: Israel - CIA
- Space program2025
- Israel Space Agency (ISA; established 1983 under the Ministry of Science and Technology; origins go back to the creation of a National Committee for Space Research, established 1960); Ministry of Defense Space Department
Has an ambitious space program that is one of the most advanced in the region; designs, builds, operates, and launches communications, remote sensing (RS), and scientific satellites; designs, builds, and operates orbital satellite/space launch vehicles (SLVs); researches and develops a range of other space-related capabilities, with a focus on lightweight and miniaturized technologies; has relations with a variety of foreign space agencies and industries, including those of Canada, the ESA, individual ESA member states (such as France, Germany, and Italy), India, Japan, Mexico, and the US; has a substantial commercial space sector, as well as state-owned enterprises
- Launch sites
- Palmachim Airbase (Central district)
- 1961
- First sounding rocket launched
- 1988
- First operational launch of small-lift satellite launch vehicle (SLV) (Shavit) placed first domestically produced technology-demonstrator satellite (Ofeq-1) in orbit
- 1995
- Launched first fully operational remote sensing satellite (Ofeq-3) on Shavit SLV
- 2007
- Unveiled Shavit-2 small-lift 3-stage SLV
- 2014
- Joined ESA’s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE) project; domestically built lunar probe (Beresheet) launched by US (crashed on Moon’s surface)
- 2022
- Joined US Artemis Moon exploration project
Key milestones
Source:- The World Factbook: Israel - CIA
- Nuclear weapons2026
- 90 warheadsNone deployed, 90 in the military stockpile
Deployed, strategicOn long-range missiles and at bomber bases 0 Deployed, nonstrategicOn short-range weapons None known ReserveIn storage, not on launchers 90 Military stockpileDeployed and reserve, held for use 90 RetiredAwaiting dismantlement 0 Total inventory 90 Approximate FAS estimates. Parts may not sum.
Source:- Status of World Nuclear Forces ↗ - Federation of American Scientists
- Military expenditure:SIPRI Military Expenditure Database ↗ - Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
- Military expenditure:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Military personnel, Military service, Space program:The World Factbook: Israel - CIA
- Nuclear weapons:Status of World Nuclear Forces ↗ - Federation of American Scientists
