National Identity
- Official name
- Lebanese Republic
- Official name (in Arabic)
- الجمهورية اللبنانية
- Official name (in Arabic, Romanized)
- Al-Jumhūrīyah Al-Lubnānīyah
- Name etymology
derives from the Semitic root lbn, meaning "white," and probably refers to the country's snow-capped mountains
Sources:- The Lebanese Constitution ↗ - Presidency of the Republic of Lebanon
- The World Factbook: Lebanon - CIA
- Coat of arms
- No official coat of arms or emblem
- National flag
- 1516: The Ma'nids adopted a flag divided laterally into the two colours red and white, with a green wreath in its centre. [...]
- 1918: After the end of the First World War and the withdrawal of the Ottomans, the Lebanese used a white banner with a green cedar in its centre.
- 1920: Upon the proclamation of the State of Greater Lebanon, the French used their red-white-blue flag and placed a cedar in its centre.
Translated from the Presidency of the Lebanese Republic The Lebanese flag is red, then white, then red, in horizontal sections; the cedar, in green, is in the centre of the white section. As for the size of the white section, it is equal to the size of the two red sections together. As for the cedar, it is in the centre, its top touching the upper red section and its base touching the lower red section, and the size of the cedar is equal to one third of the size of the white section.
Unofficial translation by WorldometerTranslated from the Lebanese Ministry of Information The colour red symbolises the blood of the martyrs that was shed in the revolution of November 1943. The colour white symbolises the whiteness of the snow that accumulates on the mountains of Lebanon, and it is the symbol of purity and peace. As for the cedar tree, which was taken from Mount Lebanon, it symbolises holiness, eternity, steadfastness and ancient heritage.
Unofficial translation by WorldometerTranslated from the Lebanese Army Every year on the twenty-first of November, Lebanon celebrates the Day of the Flag, symbol of the homeland. The Lebanese flag has gone through several changes in shape and colour, which accompanied the changes of the regimes that ruled Lebanon from the era of the Ma'nid emirs until independence in the year 1943.
Unofficial translation by WorldometerTranslated from the Lebanese Ministry of Information Unofficial translation by WorldometerTranslated from the Lebanese Army On 8/11/1943 the Chamber of Deputies held its fateful session to amend the Constitution of 1926 and to repeal all the articles that infringe upon the sovereignty of Lebanon.
This provoked the French authorities, which proceeded to suspend the Constitution and to arrest the President of the Republic Bechara El Khoury, the Prime Minister Riad Al Solh, the ministers Camille Chamoun, Selim Takla and Adel Osseiran, and the deputy Abdul Hamid Karami in the Citadel of Rashaya. The Chamber of Deputies then convened to meet, where the deputies drew the flag and signed it, and this flag was raised for the first time above the seat of the Bchamoun government before the Lebanese Parliament approved it in December 1943.Unofficial translation by WorldometerSources:- presidency.gov.lb ↗ - the Presidency of the Lebanese Republic
- ministryinfo.gov.lb ↗ - the Lebanese Ministry of Information
- lebarmy.gov.lb ↗ - the Lebanese Army
- lebarmy.gov.lb ↗ - the Lebanese Army
- National anthem
- Kulluna lil-watan (النشيد الوطني اللبناني)0:51
- Title (in Arabic)
- النشيد الوطني اللبناني
- Title (in English, translated)
- Lebanese National Anthem
- Unofficial title (in Arabic)
- كلّنا للوطن
- Unofficial title (in Arabic, Romanized)
- Kulluna lil-watan
- Unofficial title (in English, translated)
- All Of Us, For Our Country!
- Lyrics
1كلنـا للوطـن للعـلى للعـلم ملء عين الزّمن سـيفنا والقـلم سهلنا والجبـل منبت للرجـال قولنا والعمـل في سبيل الكمال كلنا للوطن للعلى للعلم كلّنا للوطن
2شيخنـا والفتـى عنـد صـوت الوطن أسـد غـاب متى سـاورتنا الفــتن شــرقنـا قلبـه أبــداً لبـنان صانه ربه لمدى الأزمان كلنا للوطن للعلى للعلم كلنا للوطن
3بحـره بــرّه درّة الشرقين رِفـدُهّ بــرّهُ مالئ القطبين إسمـه عـزّه منذ كان الجدود مجــدُهُ أرزُهُ رمزُهُ للخلود كلّنا للوطن للعلى للعلم كلّنا للوطن
Source: - Citizens
- Lebanese
- Official name:The Lebanese Constitution ↗ - Presidency of the Republic of Lebanon
- Official name, Citizens:The World Factbook: Lebanon - CIA
- National flag:presidency.gov.lb ↗ - the Presidency of the Lebanese Republic
- National flag:ministryinfo.gov.lb ↗ - the Lebanese Ministry of Information
- National flag:lebarmy.gov.lb ↗ - the Lebanese Army
- National flag:lebarmy.gov.lb ↗ - the Lebanese Army
- National anthem:nationalanthems.info ↗
Geography
- Location
- Total area
- 10,400 km²
- Land area
- 10,230 km²
- Water area
- 170 km²
- Coastline
- 225 km
- Terrain
Narrow coastal plain; El Beqaa (Bekaa Valley) separates Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon Mountains - Mean elevation
- 1,250 m
- Highest point
- 3,088 mQornet es Saouda
- Lowest point
- 0 mMediterranean Sea
- Climate
Mediterranean mild to cool, wet winters with hot, dry summers; the Lebanon Mountains experience heavy winter snows - Avg. temperature
- 15.5 °C
- Avg. daily range
- 10.8 to 20.5 °C
- Annual precipitation
- 571 mm
Temperature °CMeanDaily rangePrecipitation mmMonthly climate normals Month Avg. high, °C Mean, °C Avg. low, °C Precipitation, mm January 10.5 6.2 2.5 110 February 11.5 7.1 3.1 103 March 14.5 10 5.4 81 April 18.6 13.7 8.5 46 May 23 18 12.5 26 June 26.7 21.7 16.3 5 July 29.1 24 18.9 2 August 29.5 24.2 19.2 2 September 27.6 22.1 17.1 8 October 23.9 18.3 13.5 33 November 17.9 12.6 8.2 62 December 12.9 8.3 4.5 94 Country-wide averages over 1991–2020.
Sources:- The World Factbook: Lebanon - CIA
- Climate Change Knowledge Portal (ERA5 reanalysis) ↗ - World Bank
- Weather
- Loading
- Land use2023
- Arable13.1%Perm. crops13.7%Pasture39.1%Forest13.8%Other20.3%
- Arable land
- 134,214 hectares (13.1%)
- Permanent crops
- 140,000 hectares (13.7%)
- Permanent meadows & pastures
- 400,000 hectares (39.1%)
- Forest
- 141,128 hectares (13.8%)
- Other land
- 207,658 hectares (20.3%)
Source: - Natural hazards2026
- Earthquakes8.2Very high#22/191Epidemics5.1High#91/191Tsunamis3.9Medium#69/191Coastal floods3.2Low#103/191Drought2.9Low#104/191River floods0.0Very lowTropical cyclones0.0Very low
Scores out of 10, ranks out of 191 countries.
Source:- INFORM Risk Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
- Location, Land borders, Coastline, Terrain, Mean elevation, Highest point, Lowest point, Climate:The World Factbook: Lebanon - CIA
- Climate:Climate Change Knowledge Portal (ERA5 reanalysis) ↗ - World Bank
- Land use:FAOSTAT Land Use domain ↗ - FAO
- Natural hazards:INFORM Risk Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
Demographics
- Population change2026
- +0.82% per year+48,047 people/yearWorld Rank113thof 237
- Birth rate
- 15.7 per 1,000 population
- Death rate
- 6.2 per 1,000 population
- Net migration rate
- −1.1 per 1,000 population
- 2026
- 29.0 yearsWorld Rank145thof 237
- Age structure2026
- 0-14 years25.0%15-64 years64.3%65 years +10.7%
- Share aged 65 and over
- 10.7%
- Share aged under 18
- 30.6%
- Total dependency ratio
- 56
- Youth dependency ratio
- 39
- Elderly dependency ratio
- 17
- Sex ratio
- 0.95 male / female
MaleAgeFemalePopulation by age group, % of total population Age Male Female 80+ 0.7% 1.3% 70-79 2.3% 2.6% 60-69 4.0% 4.7% 50-59 5.0% 5.8% 40-49 5.4% 6.2% 30-39 5.6% 6.6% 20-29 8.2% 7.6% 10-19 9.6% 9.1% 0-9 8.0% 7.5% - 2026
- 0.09 above the replacement level for Lebanon ()2.19 births per womanreplacement 2.10123World Rank94thof 237
- 1.04 daughters per woman0.04 above replacement, long-run each generation larger than the lastreplacement 1.000.511.5
- 2026
- +9.5 per 1,000 populationfor every 1,000 people, 9.5 more births than deaths a year
- 2026
- −1.1 per 1,000 population
- Urbanization2026
- 91.1% live in 5,374,108 urban residents
- Largest agglomerations2017latest available
- Beirut, Tripoli, Sidon, ZahleRankAgglomeration or CityPopulation (2017 unofficial estimate)1Beirut1,650,0002Tripoli450,0003Sidon250,0004Zahle140,0005Tyre125,0006Baalbek85,0007Byblos50,0008Hermel40,0009Aley30,00010Nabatieh25,000
- Population distribution
- The majority of people live on or near the Mediterranean coast, particularly in and around the capital of Beirut.
- Ethnic groups
- Arab95.0%Armenian4.0%Other1.0%
Many Christian Lebanese do not identify as Arab but as descendants of the ancient Canaanites, and prefer to be called Phoenicians.
Source:- The World Factbook: Lebanon - CIA
- Religions2020
- Covers citizens only, excluding Syrian and Palestinian refugees.Muslim67.8%Christian32.4%Druze4.5%
- Muslim
- 67.8%
- Sunni
- 31.9%
- Shia
- 31.2%
Alawites and Ismailis make up smaller percentages of the Muslim population.There are also very small numbers of Jews, Baha'is, Buddhists, and Hindus.Maronite Catholics are the largest Christian group.
Source:- The World Factbook: Lebanon - CIA
- Languages
- Arabic (العربية)
- Population, Population change, Median age, Age structure, Total fertility rate, Net reproduction rate, Natural change, Net migration rate:UN World Population Prospects ↗
- Urbanization:UN World Urbanization Prospects ↗
- Largest cities:City Population by Thomas Brinkhoff ↗
- Population distribution, Ethnic groups, Religions:The World Factbook: Lebanon - CIA
Government & Administration
- Form of state
- RepublicThe President, Head of the State, is elected by the Chamber of Deputies by secret ballot and a two-thirds majority (absolute after the first ballot) for six years; the Preamble calls Lebanon "a parliamentary democratic republic" (Preamble, para. C; Art. 49).Source:
- الدستور اللبناني (The Lebanese Constitution) ↗, Preamble, para. C; Art. 49
- System of government
- ParliamentaryThe President designates the Prime Minister on binding parliamentary consultations and forms the cabinet in agreement with him; the Government resigns on losing the Chamber's confidence, and only the Council of Ministers, at the President's request, can dissolve the Chamber (Arts. 53, 55, 69).Source:
- الدستور اللبناني (The Lebanese Constitution) ↗, Arts. 53, 55, 69
- Territorial organisation
- Unitary
- Territorial control
- ContestedIsraeli forces hold a strip of southern Lebanon along the border.
- Official websites
- Government (in Arabic)
- President (in Arabic)
- Capital
- Beirut433,249 people(2020)
- National holidays
- 19 days in 2026
- ThuJan 1New Year's Day
- TueJan 6Armenian Orthodox Christmas Day
- MonFeb 9Saint Maron's Day
- FriMar 20Eid al-Fitr (estimated)
- SatMar 21Eid al-Fitr (estimated)
- WedMar 25Feast of the Annunciation
- FriApr 3Catholic Good Friday
- FriApr 10Orthodox Good Friday
- FriMay 1Labor Day
- SunMay 3Martyrs' Day
- SunMay 10Resistance and Liberation Day
- WedMay 27Eid al-Adha (estimated)
- ThuMay 28Eid al-Adha (estimated)
- TueJun 16Islamic New Year Day (estimated)
- ThuJun 25Ashura (estimated)
- SatAug 15Assumption Day
- TueAug 25Prophet's Birthday (estimated)
- SunNov 22Independence Day
- FriDec 25Christmas Day
Nationwide public holidays only, excluding regional, bank and government-only days.
- Time
- Currency
- Lebanese Pound (LBP)
- Entry requirements
- Official visa and entry information
- Calling code
- +961
- Internet TLD
- .lb
- ISO 3166-1 codes
- LB, LBN
- Infrastructure
- Passengers carried
- 2,693,218 by the country's airlines(2023)
- Heliports
- 27
- Aircraft departures
- 23,751 by the country's airlines(2023)
- Air freight
- 34.4 million tonne-km(2023)
- Aircraft registration prefix
- OD
Sources:- The World Factbook: Lebanon - CIA
- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Flag carrier
- Middle East AirlinesState-owned
- 2025
- 23 / 100World Rank153rdof 182
Significant declinerDown 7 points since 2012, when it scored 30.
Confidence intervalCorruption index score by year Year Score Lower bound Upper bound 2012 30 27 34 2013 28 23 33 2014 27 21 33 2015 28 23 33 2016 28 24 32 2017 28 25 31 2018 28 24 32 2019 28 24.3 31.7 2020 25 23.1 26.9 2021 24 22.7 25.3 2022 24 22.7 25.3 2023 24 22.2 25.8 2024 22 20.2 23.8 2025 23 20.2 25.8 Source:- Corruption Perceptions Index 2025 ↗ - Transparency International, CC BY 4.0
- Form of state, System of government, Territorial organisation, Territorial control:الدستور اللبناني (The Lebanese Constitution) ↗ - Lebanese Chamber of Deputies
- National holidays:Open World Holidays Framework (vacanza/holidays) ↗
- Infrastructure:The World Factbook: Lebanon - CIA
- Infrastructure:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Corruption Perceptions Index:Corruption Perceptions Index 2025 ↗ - Transparency International, CC BY 4.0
Economy
- Lower middle income
- GDP growth (real)2025
- +4% per yearWorld Rank60thof 195
- GDP per capita (PPP)2025
- GDP per capita (nominal)
- $5,897 (120th in the world)
Source:- 2021
- Services94.1% of GDPIndustry2.8% of GDPAgriculture1.4% of GDPManufacturing1.4%part of industry
- Households
- +129.3%
- Government
- +4.9%
- Investment
- +1.4%
- Exports
- +23.3%
- Imports
- −58.9%
The shape of the economyGDP by end useSource:- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Inflation2025
- 14.6%down 30.6 percentage points30.6pp from 2024
- Labor force2023
- 1.8 million (32% of population)World Rank128thof 187
- Labor force participation2023
- 43.4% of people aged 15+
- Unemployment2023
- 11.0%
- Youth unemployment2023
- 22.7% ages 15 to 24
- Labor productivity2023
- $17.6 per hour worked at PPP
- Budget balance2025
- 3.3% of GDP surplus
- Current account
- 22.5% of GDP, $7.8 billion deficit
Source: - Debt2024
- Central government debt164.1% of GDPInterest on debt0.6% of GDP
- Trade2023
- Goods$3.8 billion32.7%
- Services$7.9 billion67.3%
- Total exports
- $11.8 billion
- Change from 2022
- down 5.4 percent on the previous year5.4%
Sources:- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- The World Factbook: Lebanon - CIA
- 2024
- +0.39World Rank54thof 145
- Projected GDP growth
- +3.9% a year over the next 10 years
Source:- Atlas of Economic Complexity ↗ - Harvard Growth Lab
- Agricultural products2024
- Avocados, Olives, Lemons and limes, and 7 more
- 1Avocados42.5×
- 2Olives19.3×
- 3Lemons and limes11.6×
- 4Peaches and nectarines8.5×
- 5Grapes7.6×
- 6Apples6.9×
- 7Potatoes5.5×
- 8Cucumbers and gherkins5.4×
- 9Pears4.5×
- 10Tomatoes4.4×
ProductSource:- FAOSTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Gold reserves2024
- 287 tonnesWorth $24.1 billion, 72% of total official reserves by value
- Industries
- banking, tourism, real estate and construction, food processing, wine, jewelry, cement, textiles, mineral and chemical products, wood and furniture products, oil refining, metal fabricating
- Income level, GDP by sector, Trade, Gold reserves:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- GDP (nominal), GDP growth (real), GDP per capita (PPP), Inflation, Budget balance:IMF World Economic Outlook ↗
- Labor force, Labor force participation, Unemployment, Youth unemployment, Labor productivity:ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
- Debt:IMF Global Debt Database ↗
- Debt:IMF Public Finances in Modern History ↗
- Trade, Industries:The World Factbook: Lebanon - CIA
- Economic Complexity Index:Atlas of Economic Complexity ↗ - Harvard Growth Lab
- Agricultural products:FAOSTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
Cost of Living
- Cost of living index
- Loading
- Monthly costs (excluding rent)
- Loading
- Rent
- Loading
- Buying an apartment
- Loading
- Average gross salary2019
- LBP 1,175,960 per month$780 (USD), $1,571 (PPP)
- Median
- LBP 1,000,000 per month($663)
- Men
- LBP 1,160,202 per month($770)
- Women
- LBP 1,215,151 per month($806)
Source:- ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
- 2024
- LBP 18,000,000 per month, gross$201 (USD), $344 (PPP)
- Average gross salary, Minimum wage:ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
Society
- 2023
- 0.752HighWorld Rank102ndof 193LebanonWorld
Human Development Index by year Year Lebanon World 2005 0.710 0.681 2006 0.713 0.688 2007 0.726 0.694 2008 0.734 0.698 2009 0.743 0.701 2010 0.750 0.707 2011 0.758 0.713 2012 0.762 0.717 2013 0.762 0.721 2014 0.761 0.726 2015 0.763 0.731 2016 0.767 0.735 2017 0.772 0.739 2018 0.774 0.741 2019 0.771 0.745 2020 0.750 0.742 2021 0.733 0.742 2022 0.755 0.752 2023 0.752 0.756 Source:- Human Development Report ↗ - United Nations Development Programme
- 2022
- 35.5
- Mean years of schooling2023
- 10.4 years
- Expected for a child today
- 11.7 years
Source:- Human Development Report ↗ - United Nations Development Programme
- Literacy2019
- 92% of adults
- Education expenditure2024
- 1.2% of GDP
- Share of government spending
- 6.1%
Source:- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Internet users2022
- 81.5% of the population
- Households with Internet access
- 75%
Source:- ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Mobile subscriptions2022
- 4.3 million
- Fixed telephone lines
- 924,461
- Fixed broadband
- 7.3 subscriptions per 100 people
Counts subscriptions, not people.
Source:- ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Credit-card ownership2024
- 5% of adults
- Debit-card ownership
- 13%
- Account at a bank or mobile-money provider
- 23%
- Mobile-money account
- 3%
- Made or received a digital payment
- 20%
Source:- Global Findex Database ↗ - World Bank
- Refugees hosted2025
- 719,482 people
- Asylum seekers
- 7,429
- Stateless persons
- 40,000
- Internally displaced persons
- 64,000All due to conflicts
- Refugees from Lebanon abroad
- 9,319
Sources:- Refugee Data Finder ↗ - UN Refugee Agency
- Global Internal Displacement Database ↗ - Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre
- Inbound tourists2022
- Official tourism site1.5 million arrivalsdown 24% against 201924% below 2019World Rank76thof 139
- Per resident
- 2.6 arrivals per 10 residents
- $5.6 billion(2023)
- 0.6% tourism direct GDP(2023)
- $3.8 billion(2023)
- Hotel beds
- 126,741
- Average hotel stay
- 3.1 nights
Overnight arrivals by year2010 to 2022A tourist stays at least one night. Arrivals count trips, not people.
Source:- UN Tourism Data Dashboard ↗ - UN Tourism
- UNESCO World Heritage Sites
- 6 sites6 cultural
Site Anjar Baalbek Byblos Tyre Ouadi Qadisha (the Holy Valley) and the Forest of the Cedars of God (Horsh Arz el-Rab) Rachid Karami International Fair-Tripoli Source:- The World Factbook: Lebanon - CIA
- Human Development Index, Mean years of schooling:Human Development Report ↗ - United Nations Development Programme
- Income inequality (Gini), Education expenditure:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Literacy:UIS Data Browser ↗ - UNESCO Institute for Statistics
- Internet users, Mobile subscriptions:ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Credit-card ownership:Global Findex Database ↗ - World Bank
- Refugees hosted:Refugee Data Finder ↗ - UN Refugee Agency
- Refugees hosted:Global Internal Displacement Database ↗ - Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre
- Inbound tourists:UN Tourism Data Dashboard ↗ - UN Tourism
- UNESCO World Heritage Sites:The World Factbook: Lebanon - CIA
Crime & Safety
- Travel advisory (US)
- Loading
- Active humanitarian crisisAug 2026
- Very high8.1 out of 10Conflict and violence, Political and economic crisis
Crisis Since Sep 2024 Severity Country overallConflict and violence, Political and economic crisis 8.1Very high International displacement from Syria to LebanonInternational displacement 6.3High Data reliability as rated by INFORM: Very high. Last updated Aug 31, 2026.
Source:- INFORM Severity Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
- Homicide rate2024
- Low by global standards2.6 per 100,000 peopleWorld Rank50thof 115
- Crime rates
- 6 offence categories
Offence Per 100,000 Count Year Homicide (victims) 2.6 153 2024 Serious assault 118.5 7,491 2016 Sexual violence 0.0 2 2023 Kidnapping 15.5 1,005 2015 Theft 386.7 25,030 2015 Vehicle theft 158.5 10,059 2014 A low figure can also mean weak recording.
Source:- UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
- Prison population2023
- 110.2 per 100,000 people
- Persons held
- 6,363
Source:- UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
- Active humanitarian crisis:INFORM Severity Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
- Homicide rate, Crime rates, Prison population:UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
Health
- Life expectancy2026
- 78.2 years
- Health expenditure2023
- 5.6% of GDP$261 per person
- Physicians2020
- 2.68 per 1,000 population
- Hospital beds2021
- 2.7 per 1,000 population
- Infant mortality2026
- 14.6 per 1,000 live births
- Maternal mortality2023
- 15 per 100,000 live births
- Alcohol consumption2022
- 1.6 litres of pure alcohol per adult per year
- Tobacco use2023
- 46.3% of adults
- Men
- 53.3%
- Women
- 39.3%
Source:- Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Alcohol and Tobacco Spending2023
- 0.7% of household spendingWorld Rank94thof 105
- World median
- 3.1%
Source:- The World Factbook: Lebanon - CIA
- Road traffic deaths2019
- 16.4 per 100,000 population
- Life expectancy, Infant mortality:UN World Population Prospects ↗
- Health expenditure, Physicians, Hospital beds, Road traffic deaths:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Maternal mortality:Maternal mortality estimates ↗ - UN Maternal Mortality Estimation Inter-agency Group
- Alcohol consumption, Tobacco use:Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Alcohol and Tobacco Spending:The World Factbook: Lebanon - CIA
Environment
- CO₂ emissions2024
- 11 Mt per yearup 1.7 percent on the previous year1.7% from 2023
- CO₂ per capita
- 1.9 t per personWorld Rank124thof 207
- Share of global CO₂
- 0.03%
- Methane (CH₄)
- 4.16 Mt CO₂-eq
- Nitrous oxide (N₂O)
- 0.69 Mt CO₂-eq
- Fluorinated gases
- 2.94 Mt CO₂-eq
- All greenhouse gases
- 18.8 Mt CO₂-eq
Source:- Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ↗ - European Commission, Joint Research Centre
- 2024
- 20.1 µg/m³ of PM2.51.5 years of life expectancy lost against the WHO guidelineMost polluted59thof 236
- WHO guideline
- 5 µg/m³
Source:- Air Quality Life Index ↗ - Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago
- Environmental issues
- deforestation
- soil deterioration, erosion
- desertification
- species loss
- air pollution in Beirut from vehicular traffic and the burning of industrial wastes
- pollution of coastal waters from raw sewage and oil spills
- waste-water management
Source:- The World Factbook: Lebanon - CIA
- International agreements
- 19 of 20 landmark treaties in forceParty to 71 multilateral environmental agreements
Treaty Standing Joined Climate Paris Agreement in force 2020 UN Framework Convention on Climate Change in force 1995 Kyoto Protocol in force 2007 Ozone layer Montreal Protocol in force 1993 Vienna Convention (Ozone Layer) in force 1993 Biodiversity Convention on Biological Diversity in force 1995 CITES in force 2013 Convention on Migratory Species (Bonn) in force 2019 Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety in force 2013 Nagoya Protocol in force 2018 Land and heritage Ramsar Convention on Wetlands in force 1999 World Heritage Convention in force 1983 UN Convention to Combat Desertification in force 1996 Chemicals and waste Basel Convention in force 1995 Rotterdam Convention (PIC) in force 2007 Stockholm Convention (POPs) in force 2004 Minamata Convention on Mercury in force 2018 Oceans UN Convention on the Law of the Sea in force 1995 High Seas Treaty (BBNJ) signed 2025, not ratified MARPOL 73/78 in force 1983 Source:- International Environmental Agreements Database ↗ - Université Laval
- CO₂ emissions:Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ↗ - European Commission, Joint Research Centre
- Air pollution:Air Quality Life Index ↗ - Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago
- Environmental issues:The World Factbook: Lebanon - CIA
- International agreements:International Environmental Agreements Database ↗ - Université Laval
Food & Water
- No access to safe drinking water2022
- 1% of the population
- Renewable water2022
- 4.5 billion m³ per year
- Per person
- 784 m³ per year
- Dependency ratio
- 1% originates outside the country
- Annual water withdrawal
- 1.8 billion m³ per year
- Withdrawn for agriculture
- 38%
- Water stress
- 59% of available freshwater withdrawn
Source:- AQUASTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Undernourishment2022
- 10.2% of the population600,000 people
- Obesity2024
- 30.7% of adults
- Men
- 29.4%
- Women
- 31.7%
Source:- Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Underweight children2023
- 5.1% of children under five
- No access to safe drinking water, Renewable water:AQUASTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Undernourishment:Food security indicators (FAOSTAT) ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Obesity:Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Underweight children:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
Energy
- Energy consumption2024
- Per capita
- 44.2 GJ per person
- Share of world total
- 0.04%
- Supply
- Deficitproduces 3.3% of what it consumes, 2024
Source:- International Energy Statistics ↗ - U.S. Energy Information Administration
- Electricity2024
- Trade ended, last exchange reported in 20215.3 TWh generated per year
- Generation
- 5.3 TWh per year
- Consumption
- 4.8 TWh per year
Source:- International Energy Statistics ↗ - U.S. Energy Information Administration
- Oil, gas & coal
- Production endedlast produced in 1993Consumption2024114,321 b/d
Oil imports and exports count crude oil only.
- Energy consumption, Electricity, Oil, gas & coal:International Energy Statistics ↗ - U.S. Energy Information Administration
Defense
- Military expenditure2024
- 2.6% of GDP$635.5 million
- Military personnel2025
- approximately 70,000active Lebanese Armed Forces
- Military service2026
- Voluntaryno conscription; men and women 18–25
- Nuclear weapons2026
- None - no nuclear arsenal
- Military expenditure:SIPRI Military Expenditure Database ↗ - Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
- Military expenditure:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Military personnel, Military service:The World Factbook: Lebanon - CIA
- Nuclear weapons:Status of World Nuclear Forces ↗ - Federation of American Scientists
