National Identity
- Official name
- Portuguese Republic
- Official name (in Portuguese)
- República Portuguesa
- Name etymology
name derives from the Roman designation "Portus Cale," meaning "Port of Cale;" Cale was located in present-day northern Portugal, and its name is said to come from the Latin word calere (to be warm) because the harbor never iced over
Sources:- Constitution of the Portuguese Republic - Seventh Revision [2005] ↗ - Assembly of the Republic
- The World Factbook: Portugal - CIA
- Coat of arms
- National flag
Translated from the Presidency of the Portuguese Republic The National Flag is divided vertically into two fundamental colours, dark green and scarlet, with the green on the hoist side. In the centre, and superimposed on the junction of the two colours, it shall have the shield of the National Arms, bordered in white and resting upon the Manueline armillary sphere, in yellow and outlined in black.
Unofficial translation by WorldometerTranslated from RTP, Radio and Television of Portugal The length is one and a half times greater than the height. The green occupies two fifths of the size of the flag and the red occupies the remaining three fifths.
Unofficial translation by WorldometerTranslated from the Portuguese National Printing Office and Mint (INCM, SA) The National Flag, as a symbol of the Homeland, represents the sovereignty of the Nation and the independence, unity and integrity of Portugal
Unofficial translation by WorldometerTranslated from the Presidency of the Portuguese Republic As for the arms, the commission proposed the armillary sphere, «eternal emblem of our adventurous genius», and the white shield with blue quinas «of the founding of the nation».
Unofficial translation by WorldometerTranslated from RTP, Radio and Television of Portugal It replaced the blue and white flag of the monarchy and inherited the colours of the revolutionary standards of the 19th century.
Unofficial translation by WorldometerTranslated from the Presidency of the Portuguese Republic The green-red colour scheme, as it came to be adopted by the republican government in 1910, dates back to the movement of 31 January 1891. On 5 October, it was used by Machado Santos at the Rotunda and, afterwards, in all the barracks and atop São Jorge Castle (although the arrangement of the colours differed from the current one, with the red next to the hoist and the larger part in green).
Unofficial translation by WorldometerTranslated from the Presidency of the Portuguese Republic By Decree of 15 October 1910, the Government appointed a commission, which included figures such as Columbano Bordalo Pinheiro, Abel Botelho and João Chagas. A few days later, on 29 October, the commission presents a first design, which corresponded to the flag of 5 October with the important difference that the arrangement of the colours was now reversed in relation to it, with the green colour next to the hoist. As for the arms, the commission proposed the armillary sphere, «eternal emblem of our adventurous genius», and the white shield with blue quinas «of the founding of the nation». A second design having been presented, which kept the green-red colour scheme, the Government approves it on 29 November 1910.
Unofficial translation by WorldometerTranslated from the Presidency of the Portuguese Republic The National Constituent Assembly, at its opening session, at the same time as it decreed the abolition of the Monarchy, sanctioned the design approved by the Government for the National Flag and Anthem
Unofficial translation by WorldometerSources:- presidencia.pt ↗ - the Presidency of the Portuguese Republic
- ensina.rtp.pt ↗ - RTP, Radio and Television of Portugal
- diariodarepublica.pt ↗ - the Portuguese National Printing Office and Mint (INCM, SA)
- National anthem
- A Portuguesa1:10
- Title (in Portuguese)
- A Portuguesa
- Title (in English, translated)
- The Song of the Portuguese
- Lyrics
1Heróis do mar, nobre povo, Naçao valente, imortal, Levantai hoje de novo Os esplendor de Portugal Entre as brumas da memória. Ó Pátria sente-se a voz Dos teus egrégios avós Que há-de guiar-te à vitória.
ChorusÀs armas! Às armas! Sobre a terra, sobre o mar! Às armas! Às armas! Pela Pátria lutar! Contra os canhões marchar, marchar!
2Desfralda a invicta bandeira À luz viva do teu céu Brade a Europa à terra inteira Portugal não pereceu! Beija o solo teu jucundo O oceano a rujir d’amor; E o teu braço vencedor Deu mundos novos ao mundo!
Às armas! Às armas!3Saudai o sol que desponta Sobre um ridente porvir; Seja o eco d’uma afronta O sinal de ressurgir. Raios d’essa aurora forte São como beijos de mãe Que nos guardam, nos sustêm, Contra as injúrias da sorte
Às armas! Às armas!Source: - Citizens
- Portuguese
- Official name:Constitution of the Portuguese Republic - Seventh Revision [2005] ↗ - Assembly of the Republic
- Official name, Citizens:The World Factbook: Portugal - CIA
- National flag:presidencia.pt ↗ - the Presidency of the Portuguese Republic
- National flag:ensina.rtp.pt ↗ - RTP, Radio and Television of Portugal
- National flag:diariodarepublica.pt ↗ - the Portuguese National Printing Office and Mint (INCM, SA)
- National anthem:nationalanthems.info ↗
Geography
- Location
- Southwestern Europe, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Spain
- Total area
- 92,090 km²
- Land area
- 91,470 km²
- Water area
- 620 km²
- Land borders
- 1,224 km(1 country)
- Spain
- 1,224 km
Source:- The World Factbook: Portugal - CIA
- Coastline
- 1,793 km
- Terrain
The west-flowing Tagus River divides the country: the north is mountainous toward the interior, while the south is characterized by rolling plains - Mean elevation
- 372 m
- Highest point
- 2,351 mPonta do Pico (Pico or Pico Alto) on Ilha do Pico in the Azores
- Lowest point
- 0 mAtlantic Ocean
- Climate
Maritime temperate cool and rainy in north, warmer and drier in south - Avg. temperature
- 15.3 °C
- Avg. daily range
- 10.9 to 20.2 °C
- Annual precipitation
- 783 mm
Temperature °CMeanDaily rangePrecipitation mmMonthly climate normals Month Avg. high, °C Mean, °C Avg. low, °C Precipitation, mm January 12.5 8.7 5.5 91 February 14 9.7 5.9 67 March 16.8 12.1 7.9 77 April 18.3 13.7 9.2 76 May 21.6 16.6 11.7 66 June 25.7 20.1 14.6 24 July 28.6 22.3 16.3 11 August 28.8 22.5 16.6 15 September 25.6 20 15 44 October 20.9 16.4 12.4 107 November 15.8 11.9 8.6 101 December 13.1 9.5 6.5 103 Country-wide averages over 1991–2020.
Sources:- The World Factbook: Portugal - CIA
- Climate Change Knowledge Portal (ERA5 reanalysis) ↗ - World Bank
- Weather
- Loading
- Land use2023
- Arable10.1%Perm. crops9.6%Pasture23.6%Forest36.6%Other5.7%
- Arable land
- 927,263 hectares (10.1%)
- Permanent crops
- 880,543 hectares (9.6%)
- Permanent meadows & pastures
- 2,162,154 hectares (23.6%)
- Forest
- 3,351,334 hectares (36.6%)
- Other land
- 524,000 hectares (5.7%)
Reported categories cover 85.6% of the land area.
Source: - Natural hazards2026
- Coastal floods4.6Medium#73/191Tsunamis4.3Medium#64/191River floods3.8Medium#120/191Earthquakes3.4Low#97/191Drought3.3Low#92/191Epidemics3.1Low#156/191Tropical cyclones0.0Very low
Scores out of 10, ranks out of 191 countries.
Source:- INFORM Risk Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
- Location, Land borders, Coastline, Terrain, Mean elevation, Highest point, Lowest point, Climate:The World Factbook: Portugal - CIA
- Climate:Climate Change Knowledge Portal (ERA5 reanalysis) ↗ - World Bank
- Land use:FAOSTAT Land Use domain ↗ - FAO
- Natural hazards:INFORM Risk Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
Demographics
- Population change2026
- −0.16% per year−16,472 people/yearWorld Rank188thof 237
- Birth rate
- 8.2 per 1,000 population
- Death rate
- 11.4 per 1,000 population
- Net migration rate
- +1.6 per 1,000 population
- 2026
- 47.2 yearsWorld Rank11thof 237
- Age structure2026
- 0-14 years12.6%15-64 years62.0%65 years +25.4%
- Share aged 65 and over
- 25.4%
- Share aged under 18
- 15.5%
- Total dependency ratio
- 61
- Youth dependency ratio
- 20
- Elderly dependency ratio
- 41
- Sex ratio
- 0.91 male / female
MaleAgeFemalePopulation by age group, % of total population Age Male Female 80+ 2.8% 4.7% 70-79 5.0% 6.2% 60-69 6.3% 7.4% 50-59 7.0% 7.8% 40-49 6.5% 7.0% 30-39 5.4% 5.3% 20-29 5.6% 5.4% 10-19 4.7% 4.5% 0-9 4.3% 4.1% - 2026
- 0.58 below the replacement level for Portugal ()1.52 births per womanreplacement 2.10123World Rank161stof 237
- 0.74 daughters per woman0.26 below replacement, long-run each generation smaller than the lastreplacement 1.000.511.5
- 2026
- −3.2 per 1,000 populationfor every 1,000 people, 3.2 more deaths than births a year
- 2026
- +1.6 per 1,000 population
- Urbanization2026
- 61.7% live in 6,414,498 urban residents
- Largest cities2021
- Lisbon, Porto, Vila Nova de Gaia, AmadoraRankCityPopulation (2021 census)1Lisbon545,7962Porto231,8003Vila Nova de Gaia188,4214Amadora171,4545Braga146,5436Coimbra106,6557Funchal105,7828Setúbal98,4709Almada95,85110Agualva-Cacém81,006Source:
- Statistics Portugal (2021 census), via City Population by Thomas Brinkhoff ↗
- Population distribution
- Concentrations are primarily along or near the Atlantic coast; both Lisbon and the second largest city, Porto, are coastal cities.
- Ethnic groups
- Portuguese95.0%Citizens from former colonies and other foreign born5.0%
The full category is citizens from Portugal’s former colonies in Africa, Asia (Han Chinese), and South America (Brazilian) and other foreign born.
Source:- The World Factbook: Portugal - CIA
- Religions2021
- Covers people 15 years of age and older.Catholic68.1%Not applicable12.9%None12.0%Unspecified2.2%Protestant1.8%Other1.0%
Other Christians, Orthodox, and Muslim each account for less than 1%.
Source:- The World Factbook: Portugal - CIA
- Languages
- Portuguese (Português)
- Population, Population change, Median age, Age structure, Total fertility rate, Net reproduction rate, Natural change, Net migration rate:UN World Population Prospects ↗
- Urbanization:UN World Urbanization Prospects ↗
- Largest cities:Statistics Portugal (2021 census), via City Population by Thomas Brinkhoff ↗
- Population distribution, Ethnic groups, Religions:The World Factbook: Portugal - CIA
Government & Administration
- Form of state
- RepublicThe President of the Republic is elected by universal, direct and secret suffrage and guarantees national independence and the regular functioning of the institutions; Portugal is "a sovereign Republic" (Arts. 1, 120, 121).Source:
- Constituição da República Portuguesa, VII Revisão Constitucional (2005) ↗, Arts. 1, 120, 121
- System of government
- Semi-presidentialThe President appoints the Prime Minister after hearing the parties and in light of election results; the Government is responsible to the President and the Assembly, which may censure it, and the President may dissolve the Assembly (Arts. 133, 172, 187, 190, 194).Source:
- Constituição da República Portuguesa, VII Revisão Constitucional (2005) ↗, Arts. 133, 172, 187, 190, 194
- Territorial organisation
- Unitary
- Official websites
- Government
- President
- Parliament (in Portuguese)
- Capital
- Lisbon567,131 people(2023)
- National holidays
- 13 days in 2026
- ThuJan 1New Year's Day
- FriApr 3Good Friday
- SunApr 5Easter Sunday
- SatApr 25Freedom Day
- FriMay 1Labor Day
- ThuJun 4Corpus Christi
- WedJun 10Day of Portugal, Camões, and the Portuguese Communities
- SatAug 15Assumption Day
- MonOct 5Republic Day
- SunNov 1All Saints' Day
- TueDec 1Restoration of Independence Day
- TueDec 8Immaculate Conception
- FriDec 25Christmas Day
Nationwide public holidays only, excluding regional, bank and government-only days.
- Time
- WETWestern European TimeUTC+0 (UTC+1 in summer)
Portugal spans multiple time zones, the capital's is shown here. All 2 time zones
- Currency
- Euro (EUR)
- Entry requirements
- Official visa and entry information
- Calling code
- +351
- Internet TLD
- .pt
- ISO 3166-1 codes
- PT, PRT
- Infrastructure
- Passengers carried
- 18,288,977 by the country's airlines(2023)
- Heliports
- 65
- Aircraft departures
- 178,916 by the country's airlines(2023)
- Air freight
- 569 million tonne-km(2023)
- Aircraft registration prefix
- CR, CS
Sources:- The World Factbook: Portugal - CIA
- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Flag carrier
- TAP Air PortugalState-owned
- Passenger rail
- CP – Comboios de Portugal (in Portuguese)
- 2025
- 56 / 100World Rank46thof 182
Significant declinerDown 8 points since 2018, when it scored 64.
Confidence intervalCorruption index score by year Year Score Lower bound Upper bound 2012 63 59 67 2013 62 57 67 2014 63 57 69 2015 64 60 68 2016 62 58 66 2017 63 59 67 2018 64 60 68 2019 62 57.4 66.6 2020 61 58.2 63.8 2021 62 59 65 2022 62 59.3 64.7 2023 61 58.1 63.9 2024 57 54.3 59.7 2025 56 52.3 59.7 Source:- Corruption Perceptions Index 2025 ↗ - Transparency International, CC BY 4.0
- Form of state, System of government, Territorial organisation:Constituição da República Portuguesa, VII Revisão Constitucional (2005) ↗ - Assembly of the Republic of Portugal
- National holidays:Open World Holidays Framework (vacanza/holidays) ↗
- Infrastructure:The World Factbook: Portugal - CIA
- Infrastructure:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Corruption Perceptions Index:Corruption Perceptions Index 2025 ↗ - Transparency International, CC BY 4.0
Economy
- High income
- GDP growth (real)2026
- +2.1% per yearWorld Rank129thof 195
- GDP per capita (PPP)2026
- GDP per capita (nominal)
- $34,815 (45th in the world)
Source:- 2025
- Services66.6% of GDPIndustry18.3% of GDPAgriculture2% of GDPManufacturing11.3%part of industry
- Households
- +61%
- Government
- +17%
- Investment
- +21%
- Exports
- +43.7%
- Imports
- −42.7%
The shape of the economyGDP by end useSource:- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Inflation2026
- 3.2%up 1 percentage points1pp from 2025
- Labor force2024
- 5.3 million (51% of population)World Rank82ndof 187
- Labor force participation2024
- 58.4% of people aged 15+
- Unemployment2024
- 6.5%
- Youth unemployment2024
- 21.8% ages 15 to 24
- Labor productivity2024
- $52.3 per hour worked at PPP
- Labor cost2025
- €19.40 per hour$21.92 (USD), $33.76 (PPP)
- Budget balance2026
- 0% of GDP
- Current account
- 0% of GDP, $36 million
Source: - Debt2024
- Government debt94.9% of GDPHousehold debt53.3% of GDPCompany debt77.2% of GDPInterest on debt2.1% of GDPCentral government debt101.5% of GDP
- Trade2024
- Goods$81.4 billion56.5%
- Services$62.7 billion43.5%
- Total exports
- $144.1 billion
- Change from 2023
- up 4.3 percent on the previous year4.3%
Sources:- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- The World Factbook: Portugal - CIA
- 2024
- +0.72World Rank40thof 145
- Projected GDP growth
- +1.7% a year over the next 10 years
Source:- Atlas of Economic Complexity ↗ - Harvard Growth Lab
- Agricultural products2024
- Olives, Grapes, Tomatoes, and 7 more
- 1Olives55.9×
- 2Grapes12.9×
- 3Tomatoes10×
- 4Oranges5.6×
- 5Pears4.8×
- 6Squash and gourds (including pumpkins)3.7×
- 7Apples3.4×
- 8Meat of pig with the bone (fresh or chilled)3.2×
- 9Cabbages3.1×
- 10Carrots and turnips3×
ProductSource:- FAOSTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Gold reserves2025
- 383 tonnesWorth $53.7 billion, 78% of total official reserves by value
- Industries
- textiles, clothing, footwear, wood and cork, paper and pulp, chemicals, fuels and lubricants, automobiles and auto parts, base metals, minerals, porcelain and ceramics, glassware, technology, telecommunications
- dairy products, wine, other foodstuffs
- ship construction and refurbishment
- tourism, plastics, financial services, optics
Source:- The World Factbook: Portugal - CIA
- Income level, GDP by sector, Trade, Gold reserves:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- GDP (nominal), GDP growth (real), GDP per capita (PPP), Inflation, Budget balance:IMF World Economic Outlook ↗
- Labor force, Labor force participation, Unemployment, Youth unemployment, Labor productivity, Labor cost:ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
- Debt:IMF Global Debt Database ↗
- Debt:IMF Public Finances in Modern History ↗
- Trade, Industries:The World Factbook: Portugal - CIA
- Economic Complexity Index:Atlas of Economic Complexity ↗ - Harvard Growth Lab
- Agricultural products:FAOSTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
Cost of Living
- Cost of living index
- Loading
- Monthly costs (excluding rent)
- Loading
- Rent
- Loading
- Buying an apartment
- Loading
- Average gross salary2025
- €1,262 per month$1,426 (USD), $2,196 (PPP)
- Median
- €1,050 per month($1,187)
- Men
- €1,358 per month($1,535)
- Women
- €1,173 per month($1,325)
Source:- ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
- 2025
- €1,015 per month, gross$1,147 (USD), $1,766 (PPP)
- Share of the average gross salary
- 80%
Source:- ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
- Average gross salary, Minimum wage:ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
Society
- 2023
- 0.890Very highWorld Rank40thof 193PortugalWorld
Human Development Index by year Year Portugal World 1990 0.707 0.608 1991 0.718 0.611 1992 0.735 0.614 1993 0.751 0.617 1994 0.765 0.620 1995 0.773 0.625 1996 0.781 0.631 1997 0.789 0.636 1998 0.795 0.641 1999 0.793 0.646 2000 0.797 0.651 2001 0.801 0.657 2002 0.804 0.662 2003 0.808 0.669 2004 0.809 0.675 2005 0.810 0.681 2006 0.815 0.688 2007 0.821 0.694 2008 0.826 0.698 2009 0.831 0.701 2010 0.836 0.707 2011 0.843 0.713 2012 0.844 0.717 2013 0.849 0.721 2014 0.854 0.726 2015 0.857 0.731 2016 0.859 0.735 2017 0.864 0.739 2018 0.866 0.741 2019 0.872 0.745 2020 0.870 0.742 2021 0.876 0.742 2022 0.883 0.752 2023 0.890 0.756 Source:- Human Development Report ↗ - United Nations Development Programme
- 2023
- 33.9
- Mean years of schooling2023
- 9.7 years
- Expected for a child today
- 17.5 years
Source:- Human Development Report ↗ - United Nations Development Programme
- Literacy2011latest available
- 94.5% of adults
- Education expenditure2022
- 4.6% of GDP
- Share of government spending
- 10.4%
Source:- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Internet users2024
- 88.5% of the population
- Households with Internet access
- 90.6%
Source:- ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Mobile subscriptions2024
- 12.9 million
- Fixed telephone lines
- 5,525,705
- Fixed broadband
- 45.2 subscriptions per 100 people
Counts subscriptions, not people.
Source:- ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Credit-card ownership2021
- 39% of adults
- Debit-card ownership
- 85%
- Account at a bank or mobile-money provider
- 93%
- Made or received a digital payment
- 91%
Source:- Global Findex Database ↗ - World Bank
- Refugees hosted2025
- 66,541 people
- Asylum seekers
- 2,933
- Stateless persons
- 31
- Internally displaced persons
- 11All due to disasters
- Refugees from Portugal abroad
- 38
Sources:- Refugee Data Finder ↗ - UN Refugee Agency
- Global Internal Displacement Database ↗ - Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre
- 2024
- Official tourism site29 million arrivals(estimated)up 68% against 201968% above 2019World Rank10thof 139
- Per resident
- 2.8 arrivals per resident
- $35.4 billion
- Spending per arrival
- $1,220
- 8.1% tourism direct GDP
- 19.5 million overnight trips by residents
- 3.4 million overnight trips
- $8.5 billion
- 492,262
- 3 nights
Overnight arrivals by year2010 to 2024A tourist stays at least one night. Arrivals count trips, not people.
Source:- UN Tourism Data Dashboard ↗ - UN Tourism
- UNESCO World Heritage Sites
- 17 sites16 cultural1 natural
Site Type Historic Évora Cultural Central Zone of the Town of Angra do Heroismo in the Azores Cultural Cultural Landscape of Sintra Cultural Laurisilva of Madeira Natural Historic Guimarães Cultural Monastery of the Hieronymites and Tower of Belém in Lisbon Cultural Convent of Christ in Tomar Cultural Prehistoric Rock Art Sites in the Côa Valley and Siega Verde Cultural University of Coimbra – Alta and Sofia Cultural Sanctuary of Bom Jesus do Monte in Braga Cultural The Factbook names 10 of the 17 sites.
Source:- The World Factbook: Portugal - CIA
- Human Development Index, Mean years of schooling:Human Development Report ↗ - United Nations Development Programme
- Income inequality (Gini), Education expenditure:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Literacy:UIS Data Browser ↗ - UNESCO Institute for Statistics
- Internet users, Mobile subscriptions:ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Credit-card ownership:Global Findex Database ↗ - World Bank
- Refugees hosted:Refugee Data Finder ↗ - UN Refugee Agency
- Refugees hosted:Global Internal Displacement Database ↗ - Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre
- Inbound tourists:UN Tourism Data Dashboard ↗ - UN Tourism
- UNESCO World Heritage Sites:The World Factbook: Portugal - CIA
Crime & Safety
- Travel advisory (US)
- Loading
- Active humanitarian crisisAug 2026
- None - no active crisis
- Homicide rate2023
- Very low by global standards0.7 per 100,000 peopleWorld Rank94thof 115
- Crime rates
- 7 offence categories
Offence Per 100,000 Count Year Homicide (victims) 0.7 74 2023 Serious assault 7.3 760 2023 Sexual violence 30.9 3,218 2023 Kidnapping 2.9 305 2023 Burglary 162.6 16,941 2022 Theft 704.3 73,365 2022 Vehicle theft 77.7 8,096 2022 A low figure can also mean weak recording.
Source:- UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
- Prison population2023
- 118.1 per 100,000 people
- Persons held
- 12,321
Source:- UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
- Active humanitarian crisis:INFORM Severity Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
- Homicide rate, Crime rates, Prison population:UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
Health
- Life expectancy2026
- 82.9 years
- Health expenditure2024
- 10.2% of GDP$2,971 per person
- Physicians2022
- 5.85 per 1,000 population
- Hospital beds2022
- 3.5 per 1,000 population
- Infant mortality2026
- 2.1 per 1,000 live births
- Maternal mortality2023
- 15 per 100,000 live births
- Alcohol consumption2022
- 11.2 litres of pure alcohol per adult per year
- Tobacco use2022
- 28% of adults
- Men
- 34.5%
- Women
- 21.6%
Source:- Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Alcohol and Tobacco Spending2023
- 3.1% of household spendingWorld Rank51stof 105
- World median
- 3.1%
Source:- The World Factbook: Portugal - CIA
- Road traffic deaths2019
- 8.2 per 100,000 population
- Life expectancy, Infant mortality:UN World Population Prospects ↗
- Health expenditure, Physicians, Hospital beds, Road traffic deaths:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Maternal mortality:Maternal mortality estimates ↗ - UN Maternal Mortality Estimation Inter-agency Group
- Alcohol consumption, Tobacco use:Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Alcohol and Tobacco Spending:The World Factbook: Portugal - CIA
Environment
- CO₂ emissions2024
- 35.6 Mt per yeardown 5 percent on the previous year5% from 2023
- CO₂ per capita
- 3.5 t per personWorld Rank87thof 207
- Share of global CO₂
- 0.09%
- Methane (CH₄)
- 11.4 Mt CO₂-eq
- Nitrous oxide (N₂O)
- 2.89 Mt CO₂-eq
- Fluorinated gases
- 3.32 Mt CO₂-eq
- All greenhouse gases
- 53.2 Mt CO₂-eq
Source:- Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ↗ - European Commission, Joint Research Centre
- 2024
- 7.4 µg/m³ of PM2.50.2 years of life expectancy lost against the WHO guidelineMost polluted160thof 236
- WHO guideline
- 5 µg/m³
- National standard
- 10 µg/m³
Source:- Air Quality Life Index ↗ - Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago
- Environmental issues
- soil erosion
- air pollution from industrial and vehicle emissions
- water pollution, especially in urban centers and coastal areas
- International agreements
- 20 of 20 landmark treaties in forceParty to 145 multilateral environmental agreements
Treaty Standing Joined Climate Paris Agreement in force 2016 UN Framework Convention on Climate Change in force 1994 Kyoto Protocol in force 2005 Ozone layer Montreal Protocol in force 1989 Vienna Convention (Ozone Layer) in force 1989 Biodiversity Convention on Biological Diversity in force 1994 CITES in force 1981 Convention on Migratory Species (Bonn) in force 1983 Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety in force 2004 Nagoya Protocol in force 2017 Land and heritage Ramsar Convention on Wetlands in force 1981 World Heritage Convention in force 1980 UN Convention to Combat Desertification in force 1996 Chemicals and waste Basel Convention in force 1994 Rotterdam Convention (PIC) in force 2005 Stockholm Convention (POPs) in force 2004 Minamata Convention on Mercury in force 2018 Oceans UN Convention on the Law of the Sea in force 1997 High Seas Treaty (BBNJ) in force 2026 MARPOL 73/78 in force 1988 Source:- International Environmental Agreements Database ↗ - Université Laval
- CO₂ emissions:Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ↗ - European Commission, Joint Research Centre
- Air pollution:Air Quality Life Index ↗ - Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago
- Environmental issues:The World Factbook: Portugal - CIA
- International agreements:International Environmental Agreements Database ↗ - Université Laval
Food & Water
- No access to safe drinking water2022
- 0% of the population
- Renewable water2022
- 77 billion m³ per year
- Per person
- 7,430 m³ per year
- Dependency ratio
- 51% originates outside the country
- Annual water withdrawal
- 6.2 billion m³ per year
- Withdrawn for agriculture
- 55%
- Water stress
- 12% of available freshwater withdrawn
Source:- AQUASTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Obesity2024
- 18.1% of adults
- Men
- 17%
- Women
- 19%
Source:- Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Underweight children2016
- 0.9% of children under five
- No access to safe drinking water, Renewable water:AQUASTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Obesity:Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Underweight children:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
Energy
- Energy consumption2024
- Per capita
- 78.8 GJ per person
- Share of world total
- 0.13%
- Supply
- Deficitproduces 21% of what it consumes, 2024
Source:- International Energy Statistics ↗ - U.S. Energy Information Administration
- Electricity2024
- Net importer, net 10 TWh in 2024, 20% of consumption46 TWh generated per year
- Generation
- 46 TWh per year
- Consumption
- 51 TWh per year
- Imports
- 14 TWh per year
- Exports
- 3.9 TWh per year
- Net
- −10 TWh per year
Source:- International Energy Statistics ↗ - U.S. Energy Information Administration
- Oil, gas & coal
- Mineral resources2025
- Lithium
Mineral Mine production Reserves Lithiumas pure lithium 380 t0.13% of world 60,000 t USGS estimates. Shows only minerals where the country is a major producer.
Source:- Mineral Commodity Summaries ↗ - U.S. Geological Survey
- Energy consumption, Electricity, Oil, gas & coal:International Energy Statistics ↗ - U.S. Energy Information Administration
- Mineral resources:Mineral Commodity Summaries ↗ - U.S. Geological Survey
Defense
- Military expenditure2024
- 1.5% of GDP$4.6 billion, 3.6% of government spending
- Military personnel2025
- approximately 25,000active-duty military personnel
- Military service2025
- Voluntaryno conscription since 2004, but conscription possible if insufficient volunteers available; men and women 18–30, upper age limit varies by military branch, position, role; initial voluntary military service lasts 12 months; contract service 2–6 years, extendable to a maximum of 20 years; reserve obligation to age 35
- Space program2025
- Portuguese Space Agency (Agência Espacial Portuguesa; aka Portugal Space; established 2019)
Largely focuses on the acquisition and operation of satellites; researches and develops a range of space-related technologies with an emphasis on small satellites for remote sensing (RS), navigational, science/technology, and telecommunications, as well as satellite launch services; space program is integrated with the ESA and involved in a variety of ESA and EU space programs; works with the space agencies and industries of a range of countries, including Algeria, Angola, Brazil, China, India, Japan, Morocco, South Korea, and the US; also cooperates with international organizations and projects such as the Europe South Observatory and the Square Kilometer Array; one of the objectives of the country's national space strategy is to expand its commercial space sector
- Launch sites
- In August 2025, Portugal granted a license to a commercial consortium to build and operate a space launch center on the island of Santa Maria in the Azores; the first orbital launches are expected in 2027
- 1993
- First technology demonstrator microsatellite (PoSat-1) launched on a European rocket
- 2000
- Joined the ESA
- 2020
- Launched strategic plan for space development (Portugal Space 2030), which included building a spaceport, developing a reusable rocket/satellite launch vehicle, growing the country's domestic commercial space sector, and establishing an Earth observation/remote sensing satellite constellation
- 2024
- First Portuguese communications satellite (PoSat-2) launched by US as part of a planned constellation of 12 ocean-monitoring/maritime communication satellites
- 2026
- Signed US-led Artemis Accords outlining best practices for responsible space exploration
Key milestones
Source:- The World Factbook: Portugal - CIA
- Nuclear weapons2026
- None - no nuclear arsenal
- Military expenditure:SIPRI Military Expenditure Database ↗ - Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
- Military expenditure:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Military personnel, Military service, Space program:The World Factbook: Portugal - CIA
- Nuclear weapons:Status of World Nuclear Forces ↗ - Federation of American Scientists
