National Identity
- Official name
- Republic of Djibouti
- Official name (in Arabic)
- جمهورية جيبوتي
- Official name (in Arabic, Romanized)
- Jumhūriyyat Jībūtī
- Official name (in French)
- République de Djibouti
- Name etymology
the country name derives from the capital city of Djibouti
Sources:- The Constitution of the Republic of Djibouti ↗ - Presidency of the Republic
- The World Factbook: Djibouti - CIA
- National seal
- National flag
Translated from the Presidency of the Republic of Djibouti The emblem of the Republic is the blue, green, white flag bearing a red five-pointed star.
Unofficial translation by WorldometerSource:- presidence.dj ↗ - the Presidency of the Republic of Djibouti
- National anthem
- Jabuuti0:48
- Title (in Somali)
- Jabuuti
- Title (in English, translated)
- Djibouti
- Lyrics
Hinjinne u sara kaca Calankaan harraad iyo Haydaar u mudateen.
Hir cagaarku qariyayiyo Habkay samadu tahayoo Xiddig dhi igleh hoorshoo Caddaan lagu hadheeyaay.
Maxaa haybad kugu yaal.
Source: - Citizens
- Djiboutians
- Official name:The Constitution of the Republic of Djibouti ↗ - Presidency of the Republic
- Official name, Citizens:The World Factbook: Djibouti - CIA
- National flag:presidence.dj ↗ - the Presidency of the Republic of Djibouti
- National anthem:nationalanthems.info ↗
Geography
- Location
- Total area
- 23,200 km²
- Land area
- 23,180 km²
- Water area
- 20 km²
- Land borders
- 528 km(3 countries)
- Coastline
- 314 km
- Terrain
Coastal plain and plateau separated by central mountains - Mean elevation
- 430 m
- Highest point
- 2,021 mMoussa Ali
- Lowest point
- −155 mLac Assal
- Climate
Desert torrid, dry - Avg. temperature
- 28.3 °C
- Avg. daily range
- 23.6 to 33.7 °C
- Annual precipitation
- 212 mm
Temperature °CMeanDaily rangePrecipitation mmMonthly climate normals Month Avg. high, °C Mean, °C Avg. low, °C Precipitation, mm January 28.3 23.2 19 14 February 29.7 24.1 19.6 9 March 31.8 26.2 21.5 15 April 33.7 28.3 23.5 23 May 36.7 31.1 25.8 16 June 39.1 33.5 28 3 July 38.1 32.9 28.2 24 August 37 31.9 27.3 46 September 36.7 31.6 26.9 23 October 33.5 28.1 23.2 16 November 30.6 25.3 20.7 12 December 28.8 23.7 19.2 11 Country-wide averages over 1991–2020.
Sources:- The World Factbook: Djibouti - CIA
- Climate Change Knowledge Portal (ERA5 reanalysis) ↗ - World Bank
- Weather
- Loading
- Land use2023
- Arable0.1%Pasture73.3%Forest0.3%Other26.2%
- Arable land
- 3,000 hectares (0.1%)
- Permanent crops
- 900 hectares (0.0%)
- Permanent meadows & pastures
- 1,700,000 hectares (73.3%)
- Forest
- 5,910 hectares (0.3%)
- Other land
- 608,190 hectares (26.2%)
Source: - Major lakes
- Abhe Bad/Abhe Bid Hayk780 km²
- Natural hazards2026
- Drought7.9Very high#8/191Earthquakes5.4High#65/191Epidemics5.2High#86/191Tsunamis5.0High#58/191Coastal floods4.3Medium#81/191River floods0.0Very lowTropical cyclones0.0Very low
Scores out of 10, ranks out of 191 countries.
Source:- INFORM Risk Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
- Location, Land borders, Coastline, Terrain, Mean elevation, Highest point, Lowest point, Climate, Major lakes:The World Factbook: Djibouti - CIA
- Climate:Climate Change Knowledge Portal (ERA5 reanalysis) ↗ - World Bank
- Land use:FAOSTAT Land Use domain ↗ - FAO
- Natural hazards:INFORM Risk Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
Demographics
- Population change2026
- +1.30% per year+15,383 people/yearWorld Rank78thof 237
- Birth rate
- 20.4 per 1,000 population
- Death rate
- 7.5 per 1,000 population
- Net migration rate
- +0.3 per 1,000 population
- 2026
- 25.2 yearsWorld Rank168thof 237
- Age structure2026
- 0-14 years28.5%15-64 years66.4%65 years +5.1%
- Share aged 65 and over
- 5.1%
- Share aged under 18
- 34.1%
- Total dependency ratio
- 51
- Youth dependency ratio
- 43
- Elderly dependency ratio
- 8
- Sex ratio
- 0.98 male / female
MaleAgeFemalePopulation by age group, % of total population Age Male Female 80+ 0.3% 0.4% 70-79 1.0% 1.3% 60-69 2.4% 2.7% 50-59 4.3% 4.6% 40-49 5.8% 6.0% 30-39 7.3% 7.4% 20-29 9.3% 9.2% 10-19 9.5% 9.4% 0-9 9.7% 9.4% - 2026
- 0.34 above the replacement level for Djibouti ()2.54 births per womanreplacement 2.20123World Rank74thof 237
- 1.14 daughters per woman0.14 above replacement, long-run each generation larger than the lastreplacement 1.000.511.5
- 2026
- +12.9 per 1,000 populationfor every 1,000 people, 12.9 more births than deaths a year
- 2026
- +0.3 per 1,000 population
- Urbanization2026
- 73.0% live in cities876,146 urban residents
- Largest cities2024
- Djibouti, Ali-Sabieh, Obock, DikhilRankCity or Rural LocalityPopulation (2024 census)1Djibouti767,2502Ali-Sabieh45,0923Obock29,9544Dikhil27,7225Tadjourah19,5276Ali-Adeh12,7637Arta11,4628Cheik Farah5,2679As-Eyla5,17610Damerjog5,148Source:
- National Institute of Statistics, Djibouti (2024 census), via City Population by Thomas Brinkhoff ↗
- Population distribution
- Most densely populated areas are in the east; the largest city is Djibouti, and the other cities in the country are a fraction of its size.
- Ethnic groups
- Somali60.0%Afar35.0%Other5.0%
Other is mostly Yemeni Arab, also French, Ethiopian, and Italian.
Source:- The World Factbook: Djibouti - CIA
- Religions
- Sunni Muslim94.0%Other6.0%
Other is mainly foreign-born residents: Shia Muslim, Christian, Hindu, Jewish, Baha'i, and atheist.Nearly all Djiboutians are Sunni Muslim.
Source:- The World Factbook: Djibouti - CIA
- Languages
- Arabic (العربية), French (Français)
- Population, Population change, Median age, Age structure, Total fertility rate, Net reproduction rate, Natural change, Net migration rate:UN World Population Prospects ↗
- Urbanization:UN World Urbanization Prospects ↗
- Largest cities:National Institute of Statistics, Djibouti (2024 census), via City Population by Thomas Brinkhoff ↗
- Population distribution, Ethnic groups, Religions:The World Factbook: Djibouti - CIA
Government & Administration
- Form of state
- RepublicThe President of the Republic is head of State, elected for five years by direct universal suffrage in a two-round ballot; the Constitution makes Islam the religion of the State and calls Djibouti "a democratic, sovereign, one and indivisible Republic" (Arts. 1, 22, 24).Source:
- Constitution de la République de Djibouti ↗, Arts. 1, 22, 24
- System of government
- PresidentialThe President exercises executive power and heads the Government, assisted by a Prime Minister and ministers; the Government reports to the National Assembly, which cannot remove it, and the executive has no power to dissolve the Assembly (Arts. 21, 40, 45, 60).Source:
- Constitution de la République de Djibouti ↗, Arts. 21, 40, 45, 60
- Territorial organisation
- Unitary
- Official websites
- President (in French)
- Capital
- Djibouti767,250 people(2024)
- National holidays
- 13 days in 2026
- ThuJan 1New Year's Day
- FriJan 16Isra' and Mi'raj (estimated)
- FriMar 20Eid al-Fitr (estimated)
- SatMar 21Eid al-Fitr Holiday (estimated)
- FriMay 1Labor Day
- TueMay 26Day of Arafah (estimated)
- WedMay 27Eid al-Adha (estimated)
- ThuMay 28Eid al-Adha Holiday (estimated)
- TueJun 16Islamic New Year (estimated)
- SatJun 27Independence Day
- SunJun 28Independence Day Holiday
- TueAug 25Prophet Muhammad's Birthday (estimated)
- FriDec 25Christmas Day
Nationwide public holidays only, excluding regional, bank and government-only days.
- Time
- EATEast Africa TimeUTC+3
- Currency
- Djiboutian Franc (DJF)
- Entry requirements
- Official visa and entry information (in French)
- Calling code
- +253
- Internet TLD
- .dj
- ISO 3166-1 codes
- DJ, DJI
- Infrastructure
- Heliports
- 6
- Aircraft registration prefix
- J2
Source:- The World Factbook: Djibouti - CIA
- 2025
- 31 / 100World Rank124thof 182Confidence interval
Corruption index score by year Year Score Lower bound Upper bound 2012 36 22 50 2013 36 22 50 2014 34 19 49 2015 34 19 49 2016 30 17 44 2017 31 22 40 2018 31 22 40 2019 30 23 37 2020 27 24.5 29.5 2021 30 27.2 32.8 2022 30 27.2 32.8 2023 30 27.2 32.8 2024 31 27.8 34.2 2025 31 27.8 34.2 Source:- Corruption Perceptions Index 2025 ↗ - Transparency International, CC BY 4.0
- Form of state, System of government, Territorial organisation:Constitution de la République de Djibouti ↗ - Presidency of the Republic of Djibouti
- National holidays:Open World Holidays Framework (vacanza/holidays) ↗
- Infrastructure:The World Factbook: Djibouti - CIA
- Infrastructure:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Corruption Perceptions Index:Corruption Perceptions Index 2025 ↗ - Transparency International, CC BY 4.0
Economy
- Lower middle income
- GDP growth (real)2026
- +5.6% per yearWorld Rank23rdof 195
- GDP per capita (PPP)2026
- GDP per capita (nominal)
- $4,556 (133rd in the world)
Source:- 2024
- Services76.1% of GDPIndustry15.9% of GDPAgriculture2.5% of GDPManufacturing5.3%part of industry
- Households
- +68.7%
- Government
- +15%
- Investment
- +1.6%
- Exports
- +110.5%
- Imports
- −95.8%
The shape of the economyGDP by end useSource:- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Inflation2026
- 2.3%up 2.6 percentage points2.6pp from 2025
- Labor force2024
- 263,016 (23% of population)World Rank169thof 187
- Labor force participation2024
- 31.8% of people aged 15+
- Unemployment2024
- 26.0%
- Youth unemployment2024
- 76.5% ages 15 to 24
- Labor productivity2024
- $25.8 per hour worked at PPP
- Budget balance2026
- 1.6% of GDP deficit
- Current account
- 11.5% of GDP, $561 million surplus
Source: - Debt2024
- Central government debt33.3% of GDPInterest on debt0.2% of GDP
- Trade2024
- Goods$4.1 billion77.7%
- Services$1.2 billion22.3%
- Total exports
- $5.2 billion
- Change from 2023
- down 10.7 percent on the previous year10.7%
Sources:- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- The World Factbook: Djibouti - CIA
- Agricultural products2024
- Raw milk of camel, Meat of goat (fresh or chilled), Meat of sheep (fresh or chilled), and 7 more
- 1Raw milk of camel210.5×
- 2Meat of goat (fresh or chilled)43×
- 3Meat of sheep (fresh or chilled)28.1×
- 4Beans (dry)23.7×
- 5Raw hides and skins of cattle19.6×
- 6Lemons and limes18.4×
- 7Edible offal of cattle (fresh or chilled or frozen)17.7×
- 8Meat of cattle with the bone (fresh or chilled)13.3×
- 9Raw milk of cattle1.7×
- 10Tomatoes1.2×
ProductSource:- FAOSTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Industries
- construction, agricultural processing, shipping
- Income level, GDP by sector, Trade:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- GDP (nominal), GDP growth (real), GDP per capita (PPP), Inflation, Budget balance:IMF World Economic Outlook ↗
- Labor force, Labor force participation, Unemployment, Youth unemployment, Labor productivity:ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
- Debt:IMF Global Debt Database ↗
- Debt:IMF Public Finances in Modern History ↗
- Trade, Industries:The World Factbook: Djibouti - CIA
- Agricultural products:FAOSTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
Cost of Living
- Cost of living index
- Loading
- Monthly costs (excluding rent)
- Loading
- Rent
- Loading
- Buying an apartment
- Loading
- Average gross salary2017
- DJF 95,504 per month$537 (USD), $970 (PPP)
- Median
- DJF 80,000 per month($450)
- Men
- DJF 95,294 per month($536)
- Women
- DJF 96,433 per month($543)
Source:- ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
- Average gross salary:ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
Society
- 2023
- 0.513LowWorld Rank175thof 193DjiboutiWorld
Human Development Index by year Year Djibouti World 1995 0.318 0.625 1996 0.320 0.631 1997 0.324 0.636 1998 0.327 0.641 1999 0.333 0.646 2000 0.337 0.651 2001 0.342 0.657 2002 0.349 0.662 2003 0.360 0.669 2004 0.368 0.675 2005 0.375 0.681 2006 0.385 0.688 2007 0.392 0.694 2008 0.400 0.698 2009 0.411 0.701 2010 0.421 0.707 2011 0.432 0.713 2012 0.442 0.717 2013 0.450 0.721 2014 0.459 0.726 2015 0.469 0.731 2016 0.477 0.735 2017 0.484 0.739 2018 0.492 0.741 2019 0.497 0.745 2020 0.499 0.742 2021 0.501 0.742 2022 0.510 0.752 2023 0.513 0.756 Source:- Human Development Report ↗ - United Nations Development Programme
- 2017
- 41.6
- Mean years of schooling2023
- 4 years
- Expected for a child today
- 6.2 years
Source:- Human Development Report ↗ - United Nations Development Programme
- Education expenditure2018
- 3.8% of GDP
- Share of government spending
- 14.5%
Source:- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Internet users2023
- 64.8% of the population
- Households with Internet access
- 67.3%
Source:- ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Mobile subscriptions2023
- 558,607
- Fixed telephone lines
- 28,673
- Fixed broadband
- 1.5 subscriptions per 100 people
Counts subscriptions, not people.
Source:- ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Credit-card ownership2011latest available
- 4% of adults
- Debit-card ownership
- 8%
- Account at a bank or mobile-money provider
- 12%
Source:- Global Findex Database ↗ - World Bank
- Refugees hosted2025
- 24,576 people
- Asylum seekers
- 9,154
- Internally displaced persons
- 11(2020)All due to disasters
- Refugees from Djibouti abroad
- 2,105
Sources:- Refugee Data Finder ↗ - UN Refugee Agency
- Global Internal Displacement Database ↗ - Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre
- Inbound tourists2022
- Official tourism site (in French)145,000 arrivalsdown 13% against 201913% below 2019World Rank120thof 139
- Per resident
- 1.3 arrivals per 10 residents
- $51.9 million(2024)
- $21.2 million(2024)
- Hotel beds
- 2,603
Overnight arrivals by year2010 to 2022A tourist stays at least one night. Arrivals count trips, not people.
Source:- UN Tourism Data Dashboard ↗ - UN Tourism
- Human Development Index, Mean years of schooling:Human Development Report ↗ - United Nations Development Programme
- Income inequality (Gini), Education expenditure:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Internet users, Mobile subscriptions:ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Credit-card ownership:Global Findex Database ↗ - World Bank
- Refugees hosted:Refugee Data Finder ↗ - UN Refugee Agency
- Refugees hosted:Global Internal Displacement Database ↗ - Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre
- Inbound tourists:UN Tourism Data Dashboard ↗ - UN Tourism
Crime & Safety
- Travel advisory (US)
- Loading
- Active humanitarian crisisAug 2026
- High6.1 out of 10Drought and drier conditions, International displacement
Crisis Since Sep 2024 Severity Country overallAll crises below combined 6.1High Drought in DjiboutiDrought and drier conditions 5.2Medium International Displacement to DjiboutiInternational displacement 5.0Medium Data reliability as rated by INFORM: High. Last updated Aug 27, 2026.
Source:- INFORM Severity Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
- Crime rates
- 1 offence category
Offence Per 100,000 Count Year Burglary 3.1 33 2018 A low figure can also mean weak recording.
Source:- UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
- Prison population2022
- 66 per 100,000 people
- Persons held
- 750
Source:- UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
- Active humanitarian crisis:INFORM Severity Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
- Crime rates, Prison population:UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
Health
- Life expectancy2026
- 66.6 years
- Health expenditure2023
- 2.3% of GDP$78 per person
- Physicians2022
- 0.21 per 1,000 population
- Hospital beds2018
- 1.4 per 1,000 population
- Infant mortality2026
- 34.0 per 1,000 live births
- Maternal mortality2023
- 162 per 100,000 live births
- Alcohol consumption2022
- 0.4 litres of pure alcohol per adult per year
- Road traffic deaths2019
- 23.5 per 100,000 population
- Life expectancy, Infant mortality:UN World Population Prospects ↗
- Health expenditure, Physicians, Hospital beds, Road traffic deaths:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Maternal mortality:Maternal mortality estimates ↗ - UN Maternal Mortality Estimation Inter-agency Group
- Alcohol consumption:Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
Environment
- CO₂ emissions2024
- 0.89 Mt per yearup 1.7 percent on the previous year1.7% from 2023
- CO₂ per capita
- 0.8 t per personWorld Rank158thof 207
- Share of global CO₂
- < 0.01%
- Methane (CH₄)
- 1.31 Mt CO₂-eq
- Nitrous oxide (N₂O)
- 0.22 Mt CO₂-eq
- All greenhouse gases
- 2.42 Mt CO₂-eq
Source:- Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ↗ - European Commission, Joint Research Centre
- 2024
- 25.5 µg/m³ of PM2.52 years of life expectancy lost against the WHO guidelineMost polluted35thof 236
- WHO guideline
- 5 µg/m³
Source:- Air Quality Life Index ↗ - Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago
- Environmental issues
- inadequate supplies of potable water
- water pollution
- limited arable land
- deforestation (forests threatened by agriculture and the use of wood for fuel)
- desertification
- endangered species
Source:- The World Factbook: Djibouti - CIA
- International agreements
- 20 of 20 landmark treaties in forceParty to 53 multilateral environmental agreements
Treaty Standing Joined Climate Paris Agreement in force 2016 UN Framework Convention on Climate Change in force 1995 Kyoto Protocol in force 2005 Ozone layer Montreal Protocol in force 1999 Vienna Convention (Ozone Layer) in force 1999 Biodiversity Convention on Biological Diversity in force 1994 CITES in force 1992 Convention on Migratory Species (Bonn) in force 2004 Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety in force 2003 Nagoya Protocol in force 2015 Land and heritage Ramsar Convention on Wetlands in force 2003 World Heritage Convention in force 2007 UN Convention to Combat Desertification in force 1997 Chemicals and waste Basel Convention in force 2002 Rotterdam Convention (PIC) in force 2005 Stockholm Convention (POPs) in force 2004 Minamata Convention on Mercury in force 2017 Oceans UN Convention on the Law of the Sea in force 1994 High Seas Treaty (BBNJ) in force 2026 MARPOL 73/78 in force 1990 Source:- International Environmental Agreements Database ↗ - Université Laval
- CO₂ emissions:Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ↗ - European Commission, Joint Research Centre
- Air pollution:Air Quality Life Index ↗ - Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago
- Environmental issues:The World Factbook: Djibouti - CIA
- International agreements:International Environmental Agreements Database ↗ - Université Laval
Food & Water
- No access to safe drinking water2022
- 10% of the population
- Renewable water2022
- 0.3 billion m³ per year
- Per person
- 264 m³ per year
- Dependency ratio
- 0% originates outside the country
- Annual water withdrawal
- 0 billion m³ per year
- Withdrawn for agriculture
- 16%
- Water stress
- 6% of available freshwater withdrawn
Source:- AQUASTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Undernourishment2022
- 12.3% of the population100,000 people
- Obesity2024
- 11.7% of adults
- Men
- 6.2%
- Women
- 16.8%
Source:- Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Underweight children2023
- 17.7% of children under five
- No access to safe drinking water, Renewable water:AQUASTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Undernourishment:Food security indicators (FAOSTAT) ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Obesity:Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Underweight children:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
Energy
- Energy consumption2024
- Per capita
- 10.8 GJ per person
- Share of world total
- < 0.01%
- Supply
- Deficitproduces 2% of what it consumes, 2024
Source:- International Energy Statistics ↗ - U.S. Energy Information Administration
- Electricity2024
- Imports only, 0.6 TWh imported, nothing exported in 20240.2 TWh generated per year
- Generation
- 0.2 TWh per year
- Consumption
- 0.7 TWh per year
- Imports
- 0.6 TWh per year
Source:- International Energy Statistics ↗ - U.S. Energy Information Administration
- Oil, gas & coal
- No domestic productionconsumes 4,775 b/d in 2024Consumption20244,775 b/d
Oil imports and exports count crude oil only.
- Energy consumption, Electricity, Oil, gas & coal:International Energy Statistics ↗ - U.S. Energy Information Administration
Defense
- Military personnel2025
- estimated 10,000–12,000active Armed Forces, including Gendarmerie
- Military service2025
- Voluntaryages 18–26
- Nuclear weapons2026
- None - no nuclear arsenal
- Military personnel, Military service:The World Factbook: Djibouti - CIA
- Nuclear weapons:Status of World Nuclear Forces ↗ - Federation of American Scientists
