National Identity
- Official name
- Union of the Comoros
- Official name (in Comorian (Ngazidja))
- Udzima wa Komori
- Official name (in Arabic)
- الاتحاد القمري
- Official name (in Arabic, Romanized)
- Al-Ittiḥād al-Qamarī
- Official name (in French)
- Union des Comores
- Name etymology
name derives from the Arabic al qamar, meaning "the moon"
Sources:- Constitution of the Union of the Comoros of 23 December 2001 (revised in 2009, 2013, and 2018) ↗ - Independent National Electoral Commission (CENI) - Union of the Comoros
- The World Factbook: Comoros - CIA
- National seal
- National flag
Translated from the ILO The national flag is composed of four horizontal bands of equal width, superimposed, arranged lengthwise, coloured yellow, white, red and blue, going from top to bottom. A green isosceles triangle rests on the hoist side. A white crescent appears on it, four white stars aligned from one end of the crescent to the other.
Unofficial translation by WorldometerSource:- natlex.ilo.org ↗ - the ILO
- National anthem
- Udzima wa ya Masiwa1:37
- Title (in Comorian (Ngazidja))
- Udzima wa ya Masiwa
- Title (in English, translated)
- The Union of the Great Islands
- Lyrics
Iberamu isipepeza Inadi ukombozi piya Idaula ivenuha Tasibabu ya idini Ivo yatrangaya hunu Komoriya Narikeni na mahaba Ya huvendza ya masiwa yatru
Wasi wakomoro damu ndzima Wasi wakomoro dini ndzima Yamasiwa radzaliwa Yamasiwa yarileya Mola ne arisayidia Narikeni na niya Rivendze uwatwaniya Mahaba ya dini na dunia
Iberamu isipepeza Rangu mwezi sita wa juye Idaula ivenuha Zisiwa zatru zipangiha Maore na Ndzuwani Mwali na Ngazidja Narikeni na mahaba Ya huvendza ya masiwa
Source: - Citizens
- Comorans
- Official name:Constitution of the Union of the Comoros of 23 December 2001 (revised in 2009, 2013, and 2018) ↗ - Independent National Electoral Commission (CENI) - Union of the Comoros
- Official name, Citizens:The World Factbook: Comoros - CIA
- National flag:natlex.ilo.org ↗ - the ILO
- National anthem:nationalanthems.info ↗
Geography
- Location
- Southern Africa, group of islands at the northern mouth of the Mozambique Channel, about two-thirds of the way between northern Madagascar and northern Mozambique
- Total area
- 1,862 km²
- Land area
- 1,862 km²
- Water area
- 0.00 km²
- Land borders
- None
- Coastline
- 340 km
- Terrain
Volcanic islands, interiors vary from steep mountains to low hills - Highest point
- 2,360 mKarthala
- Lowest point
- 0 mIndian Ocean
- Climate
Tropical marine rainy season (November to May) - Avg. temperature
- 25.3 °C
- Avg. daily range
- 24 to 26.6 °C
- Annual precipitation
- 1,183 mm
Temperature °CMeanDaily rangePrecipitation mmMonthly climate normals Month Avg. high, °C Mean, °C Avg. low, °C Precipitation, mm January 27.7 26.4 25.3 232 February 27.7 26.4 25.3 205 March 27.9 26.5 25.3 192 April 27.7 26.3 25.1 115 May 26.9 25.6 24.4 54 June 25.7 24.4 23.2 37 July 24.9 23.6 22.4 33 August 24.9 23.4 22.1 25 September 25.4 23.9 22.5 27 October 26.3 24.8 23.4 40 November 27.1 25.7 24.5 69 December 27.7 26.3 25.1 154 Country-wide averages over 1991–2020.
Sources:- The World Factbook: Comoros - CIA
- Climate Change Knowledge Portal (ERA5 reanalysis) ↗ - World Bank
- Weather
- Loading
- Land use2023
- Arable34.9%Perm. crops28.5%Pasture8.1%Forest17.8%Other10.7%
- Arable land
- 65,000 hectares (34.9%)
- Permanent crops
- 53,000 hectares (28.5%)
- Permanent meadows & pastures
- 15,000 hectares (8.1%)
- Forest
- 33,170 hectares (17.8%)
- Other land
- 19,930 hectares (10.7%)
Source: - Natural hazards2026
- Epidemics5.5High#77/191Coastal floods2.9Low#108/191Tsunamis2.1Very low#88/191Tropical cyclones1.5Very low#55/191Earthquakes0.1Very low#127/191River floods0.0Very lowDrought0.0Very low
Scores out of 10, ranks out of 191 countries.
Source:- INFORM Risk Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
- Location, Land borders, Coastline, Terrain, Highest point, Lowest point, Climate:The World Factbook: Comoros - CIA
- Climate:Climate Change Knowledge Portal (ERA5 reanalysis) ↗ - World Bank
- Land use:FAOSTAT Land Use domain ↗ - FAO
- Natural hazards:INFORM Risk Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
Demographics
- Population change2026
- +1.83% per year+16,162 people/yearWorld Rank55thof 237
- Birth rate
- 27.4 per 1,000 population
- Death rate
- 6.9 per 1,000 population
- Net migration rate
- −2.5 per 1,000 population
- 2026
- 20.7 yearsWorld Rank193rdof 237
- Age structure2026
- 0-14 years36.6%15-64 years59.0%65 years +4.4%
- Share aged 65 and over
- 4.4%
- Share aged under 18
- 42.9%
- Total dependency ratio
- 70
- Youth dependency ratio
- 62
- Elderly dependency ratio
- 8
- Sex ratio
- 1.01 male / female
MaleAgeFemalePopulation by age group, % of total population Age Male Female 80+ 0.3% 0.4% 70-79 0.9% 1.1% 60-69 1.9% 2.1% 50-59 3.5% 3.3% 40-49 5.2% 5.1% 30-39 6.1% 6.4% 20-29 8.5% 8.3% 10-19 11.0% 10.6% 0-9 12.8% 12.4% - 2026
- 1.51 above the replacement level for Comoros ()3.71 births per womanreplacement 2.201234World Rank30thof 237
- 1.71 daughters per woman0.71 above replacement, long-run each generation larger than the lastreplacement 1.000.511.52
- 2026
- +20.4 per 1,000 populationfor every 1,000 people, 20.4 more births than deaths a year
- 2026
- −2.5 per 1,000 population
- Urbanization2026
- 34.4% live in cities308,874 urban residents
- Largest urban localities2017latest available
- Moroni, Mutsamudu, Fomboni, TsimbeoRankUrban LocalityPopulation (2017 census)1Moroni74,7492Mutsamudu26,3133Fomboni17,2914Tsimbeo12,5905Domoni12,2626Mirontsi11,9557Ouani10,0738Sima8,7379Iconi5,47410Mrémani5,470Source:
- National Institute of Statistics and Economic and Demographic Studies, Comoros (2017 census), via City Population by Thomas Brinkhoff ↗
- Population distribution
- The capital city of Maroni, on the western side of the island of Grande Comore, is the country's largest city; however, Anjouan is the most densely populated of the three islands that comprise Comoros.
- Ethnic groups
- Antalote, Cafre, Makoa, Oimatsaha, Sakalava
- Religions2020
- Muslim98.1%Ethnic religionist1.1%Christian0.6%Other0.3%
Muslims are overwhelmingly Sunni Muslim, with small Shia Muslim and Ahmadiyya Muslim populations.
Source:- The World Factbook: Comoros - CIA
- Languages
- Comorian (Ngazidja) (Shikomori), Arabic (العربية), French (Français)
- Population, Population change, Median age, Age structure, Total fertility rate, Net reproduction rate, Natural change, Net migration rate:UN World Population Prospects ↗
- Urbanization:UN World Urbanization Prospects ↗
- Largest cities:National Institute of Statistics and Economic and Demographic Studies, Comoros (2017 census), via City Population by Thomas Brinkhoff ↗
- Population distribution, Ethnic groups, Religions:The World Factbook: Comoros - CIA
Government & Administration
- Form of state
- RepublicThe President of the Union, also head of government, is elected by direct universal suffrage in two rounds for five years, renewable once, with the office rotating among the islands (Arts. 52, 53, 54).Source:
- System of government
- PresidentialThe Assembly controls the Government's action but has no confidence or censure procedure to remove it (Art. 72).
- Territorial organisation
- Unitary
- Official websites
- President (in French)
- Capital
- Moroni74,749 people(2017)
- National holidays
- 14 days in 2026
- ThuJan 1New Year's Day
- FriJan 16Isra' and Mi'raj (estimated)
- WedMar 18Cheikh al Maarouf Day
- FriMar 20Eid al-Fitr (estimated)
- SatMar 21Eid al-Fitr (estimated)
- SunMar 22Eid al-Fitr (estimated)
- FriMay 1Labour Day
- WedMay 27Eid al-Adha (estimated)
- ThuMay 28Eid al-Adha (estimated)
- TueJun 16Islamic New Year (estimated)
- MonJul 6National Day
- TueAug 25Prophet's Birthday (estimated)
- ThuNov 12Maore Day
- FriDec 25Christmas Day
Nationwide public holidays only, excluding regional, bank and government-only days.
- Time
- EATEast Africa TimeUTC+3
- Currency
- Comorian Franc (KMF)
- Calling code
- +269
- Internet TLD
- .km
- ISO 3166-1 codes
- KM, COM
- Infrastructure
- Aircraft registration prefix
- D6
Source:- The World Factbook: Comoros - CIA
- 2025
- 20 / 100World Rank163rdof 182Confidence interval
Corruption index score by year Year Score Lower bound Upper bound 2012 28 15 40 2013 28 16 40 2014 26 12 40 2015 26 12 40 2016 24 3 45 2017 27 12 42 2018 27 12 42 2019 25 10.4 39.6 2020 21 11.6 30.4 2021 20 10.4 29.6 2022 19 10 28 2023 20 11 29 2024 21 7.5 34.5 2025 20 6.5 33.5 Source:- Corruption Perceptions Index 2025 ↗ - Transparency International, CC BY 4.0
- Form of state, System of government, Territorial organisation:Investor's Guide to Comoros (Comoros Doing Business Guide), English edition ↗
- National holidays:Open World Holidays Framework (vacanza/holidays) ↗
- Infrastructure:The World Factbook: Comoros - CIA
- Infrastructure:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Corruption Perceptions Index:Corruption Perceptions Index 2025 ↗ - Transparency International, CC BY 4.0
Economy
- Lower middle income
- GDP growth (real)2026
- +2.9% per yearWorld Rank101stof 195
- GDP per capita (PPP)2026
- GDP per capita (nominal)
- $1,859 (164th in the world)
Source:- 2025
- Services48.8% of GDPIndustry9.9% of GDPAgriculture36.6% of GDPManufacturing7.2%part of industry
- Households
- +101.4%
- Government
- +9%
- Investment
- +11.8%
- Exports
- +9.3%
- Imports
- −31.6%
The shape of the economyGDP by end useSource:- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Inflation2026
- 4%up 0.8 percentage points0.8pp from 2025
- Labor force2024
- 301,819 (35% of population)World Rank166thof 187
- Labor force participation2024
- 55.4% of people aged 15+
- Unemployment2024
- 3.8%
- Youth unemployment2024
- 8.8% ages 15 to 24
- Labor productivity2024
- $5.2 per hour worked at PPP
- Budget balance2026
- 3.1% of GDP deficit
- Current account
- 6.1% of GDP, $105 million deficit
Source: - Debt2024
- Central government debt30.8% of GDPInterest on debt0.3% of GDP
- Trade2023
- Goods$32.1 million21.6%
- Services$116.4 million78.4%
- Total exports
- $148.5 million
- Change from 2022
- down 10.6 percent on the previous year10.6%
Sources:- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- The World Factbook: Comoros - CIA
- Agricultural products2024
- Raw cloves (whole stems), Coconuts (in shell), Taro, and 7 more
- 1Raw cloves (whole stems)1,140×
- 2Coconuts (in shell)47.5×
- 3Taro22.3×
- 4Bananas16.8×
- 5Yams9.8×
- 6Cassava (fresh)5×
- 7Sweet potatoes3.4×
- 8Groundnuts (in shell)2.5×
- 9Tomatoes1.8×
- 10Maize (corn)0.5×
ProductSource:- FAOSTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Gold reserves2025
- 0.02 tonnesWorth $2.5 million, 0.6% of total official reserves by value
- Industries
- fishing, tourism, perfume distillation
- Income level, GDP by sector, Trade, Gold reserves:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- GDP (nominal), GDP growth (real), GDP per capita (PPP), Inflation, Budget balance:IMF World Economic Outlook ↗
- Labor force, Labor force participation, Unemployment, Youth unemployment, Labor productivity:ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
- Debt:IMF Global Debt Database ↗
- Debt:IMF Public Finances in Modern History ↗
- Trade, Industries:The World Factbook: Comoros - CIA
- Agricultural products:FAOSTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
Cost of Living
- Average gross salary2021
- KMF 105,355 per month$253 (USD), $462 (PPP)
- Median
- KMF 75,000 per month($180)
- Men
- KMF 114,105 per month($274)
- Women
- KMF 85,218 per month($205)
Source:- ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
- 2024
- KMF 55,000 per month, gross$121 (USD), $218 (PPP)
- Average gross salary, Minimum wage:ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
Society
- 2023
- 0.603MediumWorld Rank152ndof 193ComorosWorld
Human Development Index by year Year Comoros World 2000 0.461 0.651 2001 0.470 0.657 2002 0.477 0.662 2003 0.485 0.669 2004 0.492 0.675 2005 0.499 0.681 2006 0.506 0.688 2007 0.512 0.694 2008 0.519 0.698 2009 0.526 0.701 2010 0.534 0.707 2011 0.541 0.713 2012 0.548 0.717 2013 0.556 0.721 2014 0.560 0.726 2015 0.565 0.731 2016 0.571 0.735 2017 0.577 0.739 2018 0.584 0.741 2019 0.589 0.745 2020 0.592 0.742 2021 0.594 0.742 2022 0.602 0.752 2023 0.603 0.756 Source:- Human Development Report ↗ - United Nations Development Programme
- 2024
- 30.3
- Mean years of schooling2023
- 6 years
- Expected for a child today
- 13.3 years
Source:- Human Development Report ↗ - United Nations Development Programme
- Literacy2021
- 75.6% of adults
- Education expenditure2023
- 2.3% of GDP
- Share of government spending
- 11%
Source:- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Internet users2023
- 31.9% of the population
- Households with Internet access
- 43.7%
Source:- ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Mobile subscriptions2023
- 934,198
- Fixed telephone lines
- 8,823
- Fixed broadband
- 0.4 subscriptions per 100 people
Counts subscriptions, not people.
Source:- ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Credit-card ownership2024
- 4% of adults
- Debit-card ownership
- 11%
- Account at a bank or mobile-money provider
- 45%
- Mobile-money account
- 14%
- Made or received a digital payment
- 28%
Source:- Global Findex Database ↗ - World Bank
- Refugees hosted2025
- 5 people
- Asylum seekers
- 13
- Internally displaced persons
- 38(2024)11 due to conflicts, 27 due to disasters
- Refugees from Comoros abroad
- 2,322
Sources:- Refugee Data Finder ↗ - UN Refugee Agency
- Global Internal Displacement Database ↗ - Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre
- Inbound tourists2021latest available
- 28,800 arrivalsdown 36% against 201936% below 2019
- Per resident
- 3.5 arrivals per 100 residents
- $85.6 million(2023)
- $114.3 million(2023)
- Hotel beds
- 1,640
- 7 nights
Overnight arrivals by year2010 to 2021A tourist stays at least one night. Arrivals count trips, not people.
Source:- UN Tourism Data Dashboard ↗ - UN Tourism
- Human Development Index, Mean years of schooling:Human Development Report ↗ - United Nations Development Programme
- Income inequality (Gini), Education expenditure:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Literacy:UIS Data Browser ↗ - UNESCO Institute for Statistics
- Internet users, Mobile subscriptions:ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Credit-card ownership:Global Findex Database ↗ - World Bank
- Refugees hosted:Refugee Data Finder ↗ - UN Refugee Agency
- Refugees hosted:Global Internal Displacement Database ↗ - Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre
- Inbound tourists:UN Tourism Data Dashboard ↗ - UN Tourism
Crime & Safety
- Travel advisory (US)
- Loading
- Active humanitarian crisisAug 2026
- None - no active crisis
- Prison population2023
- 49.6 per 100,000 people
- Persons held
- 422
Source:- UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
- Active humanitarian crisis:INFORM Severity Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
- Prison population:UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
Health
- Life expectancy2026
- 67.5 years
- Health expenditure2023
- 6.6% of GDP$102 per person
- Physicians2022
- 0.42 per 1,000 population
- Hospital beds2010latest available
- 2.2 per 1,000 population
- Infant mortality2026
- 33.3 per 1,000 live births
- Maternal mortality2023
- 179 per 100,000 live births
- Alcohol consumption2022
- 0.4 litres of pure alcohol per adult per year
- Tobacco use2022
- 10.2% of adults
- Men
- 17.6%
- Women
- 2.7%
Source:- Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Road traffic deaths2019
- 26.6 per 100,000 population
- Life expectancy, Infant mortality:UN World Population Prospects ↗
- Health expenditure, Physicians, Hospital beds, Road traffic deaths:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Maternal mortality:Maternal mortality estimates ↗ - UN Maternal Mortality Estimation Inter-agency Group
- Alcohol consumption, Tobacco use:Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
Environment
- CO₂ emissions2024
- 0.45 Mt per yearup 1.8 percent on the previous year1.8% from 2023
- CO₂ per capita
- 0.5 t per personWorld Rank174thof 207
- Share of global CO₂
- < 0.01%
- Methane (CH₄)
- 0.44 Mt CO₂-eq
- Nitrous oxide (N₂O)
- 0.06 Mt CO₂-eq
- Fluorinated gases
- 0 Mt CO₂-eq
- All greenhouse gases
- 0.95 Mt CO₂-eq
Source:- Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ↗ - European Commission, Joint Research Centre
- 2024
- 7.2 µg/m³ of PM2.50.2 years of life expectancy lost against the WHO guidelineMost polluted163rdof 236
- WHO guideline
- 5 µg/m³
Source:- Air Quality Life Index ↗ - Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago
- Environmental issues
- deforestation
- soil degradation and erosion from forest loss and crop cultivation on slopes without proper terracing
- silting of coral reefs
- International agreements
- 17 of 20 landmark treaties in forceParty to 56 multilateral environmental agreements
Treaty Standing Joined Climate Paris Agreement in force 2016 UN Framework Convention on Climate Change in force 1995 Kyoto Protocol in force 2008 Ozone layer Montreal Protocol in force 1995 Vienna Convention (Ozone Layer) in force 1995 Biodiversity Convention on Biological Diversity in force 1994 CITES in force 1995 Convention on Migratory Species (Bonn) not a party Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety in force 2009 Nagoya Protocol in force 2014 Land and heritage Ramsar Convention on Wetlands in force 1995 World Heritage Convention in force 2000 UN Convention to Combat Desertification in force 1998 Chemicals and waste Basel Convention in force 1995 Rotterdam Convention (PIC) not a party Stockholm Convention (POPs) in force 2007 Minamata Convention on Mercury in force 2019 Oceans UN Convention on the Law of the Sea in force 1994 High Seas Treaty (BBNJ) signed 2025, not ratified MARPOL 73/78 in force 2001 Source:- International Environmental Agreements Database ↗ - Université Laval
- CO₂ emissions:Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ↗ - European Commission, Joint Research Centre
- Air pollution:Air Quality Life Index ↗ - Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago
- Environmental issues:The World Factbook: Comoros - CIA
- International agreements:International Environmental Agreements Database ↗ - Université Laval
Food & Water
- No access to safe drinking water2022
- 9.9% of the population
- Renewable water2022
- 1.2 billion m³ per year
- Per person
- 1,439 m³ per year
- Dependency ratio
- 0% originates outside the country
- Annual water withdrawal
- 0 billion m³ per year
- Withdrawn for agriculture
- 47%
- Water stress
- 1% of available freshwater withdrawn
Source:- AQUASTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Undernourishment2022
- 15.7% of the population100,000 people
- Obesity2024
- 16.8% of adults
- Men
- 8.1%
- Women
- 25.4%
Source:- Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Underweight children2022
- 9.1% of children under five
- No access to safe drinking water, Renewable water:AQUASTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Undernourishment:Food security indicators (FAOSTAT) ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Obesity:Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Underweight children:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
Energy
- Energy consumption2024
- Per capita
- 6.56 GJ per person
- Share of world total
- < 0.01%
- Supply
- Production endedlast produced in 2019
Source:- International Energy Statistics ↗ - U.S. Energy Information Administration
- Electricity2024
- No electricity trade0.1 TWh generated per year
- Generation
- 0.1 TWh per year
- Consumption
- 0.1 TWh per year
Source:- International Energy Statistics ↗ - U.S. Energy Information Administration
- Oil, gas & coal
- No domestic productionconsumes 2,656 b/d in 2024Consumption20242,656 b/d
Oil imports and exports count crude oil only.
- Energy consumption, Electricity, Oil, gas & coal:International Energy Statistics ↗ - U.S. Energy Information Administration
Defense
- Military personnel2023
- estimated 600Defense Force; estimated 500 Federal Police
- Military service2023
- Voluntaryno conscription; men and women 18–25
- Nuclear weapons2026
- None - no nuclear arsenal
- Military personnel, Military service:The World Factbook: Comoros - CIA
- Nuclear weapons:Status of World Nuclear Forces ↗ - Federation of American Scientists
