National Identity
- Official name
- Kingdom of Sweden
- Official name (in Swedish)
- Konungariket Sverige
- Name etymology
name derives from the North Germanic Svea tribe that inhabited central Sweden; the tribe's name probably comes from the Old German word sweba, meaning "independent;" the local form of the country's name, Sverige, means "kingdom of the Svea"
Sources:- 57981 Exchange of letters constituting an agreement between the United Nations and the Government of the Kingdom of Sweden ↗ - United Nation
- The World Factbook: Sweden - CIA
- Coat of arms
- National flag
Translated from the Swedish Riksdag (Parliament of Sweden) The flag of Sweden is blue with a yellow cross. The cross is set at right angles to the edges of the flag.
Unofficial translation by WorldometerTranslated from the Swedish Riksdag (Parliament of Sweden) The colour of the flag is light medium blue in the fields and golden yellow on the cross.
Unofficial translation by WorldometerTranslated from the Royal Court of Sweden In the 1620s the flag lost its old meaning as a royal emblem of dignity and became a symbol of the nation, the Swedish realm.
Unofficial translation by WorldometerTranslated from the National Archives of Sweden The history of the flag of Sweden goes back to the middle of the 16th century. The model was certainly taken from Denmark, which had long had the red and white cross flag the Dannebrog as its symbol. The colours come from the three golden crowns in a blue field of the national coat of arms, as well as from the cross that quarters (divides into four) the great national coat of arms into four blue fields.
Unofficial translation by WorldometerSources:- riksdagen.se ↗ - the Swedish Riksdag (Parliament of Sweden)
- kungahuset.se ↗ - the Royal Court of Sweden
- riksarkivet.se ↗ - the National Archives of Sweden
- National anthem
- Du Gamla, Du Fria1:28
- Title (in Swedish)
- Du Gamla, Du Fria
- Title (in English)
- Thou Ancient, Thou Free
- Lyrics
1Du gamla, Du fria, Du fjällhöga nord Du tysta, Du glädjerika sköna! Jag hälsar Dig, vänaste land uppå jord, Din sol, Din himmel, Dina ängder gröna. Din sol, Din himmel, Dina ängder gröna.
2Du tronar på minnen från fornstora dar, då ärat Ditt namn flög över jorden. Jag vet att Du är och Du blir vad du var. Ja, jag vill leva jag vill dö i Norden. Ja, jag vill leva jag vill dö i Norden.
Source: - Citizens
- Swedes
- Official name:57981 Exchange of letters constituting an agreement between the United Nations and the Government of the Kingdom of Sweden ↗ - United Nation
- Official name, Citizens:The World Factbook: Sweden - CIA
- National flag:riksdagen.se ↗ - the Swedish Riksdag (Parliament of Sweden)
- National flag:kungahuset.se ↗ - the Royal Court of Sweden
- National flag:riksarkivet.se ↗ - the National Archives of Sweden
- National anthem:nationalanthems.info ↗
Geography
- Location
- Total area
- 450,295 km²
- Land area
- 410,335 km²
- Water area
- 39,960 km²
- Coastline
- 3,218 km
- Terrain
Mostly flat or gently rolling lowlands; mountains in west - Mean elevation
- 320 m
- Highest point
- 2,100 mKebnekaise South
- Lowest point
- −2.4 mreclaimed bay of Lake Hammarsjon, near Kristianstad
- Climate
Temperate in south with cold, cloudy winters and cool, partly cloudy summers; subarctic in north - Avg. temperature
- 3.8 °C
- Avg. daily range
- 0.1 to 7.1 °C
- Annual precipitation
- 787 mm
Temperature °CMeanDaily rangePrecipitation mmMonthly climate normals Month Avg. high, °C Mean, °C Avg. low, °C Precipitation, mm January −3.4 −5.8 −8.5 56 February −3 −5.7 −8.9 45 March 1.2 −2.4 −6.2 44 April 6.4 2.5 −1.9 45 May 11.8 7.8 2.9 62 June 16.3 12.5 7.6 84 July 19.2 15.3 10.6 98 August 17.7 13.8 9.5 91 September 12.9 9.3 5.6 70 October 6.3 3.6 0.9 69 November 0.9 −1.2 −3.5 62 December −1.9 −4.2 −6.9 61 Country-wide averages over 1991–2020.
Sources:- The World Factbook: Sweden - CIA
- Climate Change Knowledge Portal (ERA5 reanalysis) ↗ - World Bank
- Weather
- Loading
- Land use2023
- Arable6.2%Pasture1.1%Forest68.6%Other23.8%
- Arable land
- 2,526,000 hectares (6.2%)
- Permanent crops
- 3,000 hectares (0.0%)
- Permanent meadows & pastures
- 453,000 hectares (1.1%)
- Forest
- 27,934,000 hectares (68.6%)
- Other land
- 9,683,000 hectares (23.8%)
Source: - Major lakes
- Vanern5,580 km²Vattern1,910 km²Malaren1,140 km²
- Natural hazards2026
- River floods6.3High#60/191Coastal floods5.8High#45/191Epidemics2.1Very low#181/191Drought0.9Very low#153/191Earthquakes0.1Very low#127/191Tsunamis0.0Very lowTropical cyclones0.0Very low
Scores out of 10, ranks out of 191 countries.
Source:- INFORM Risk Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
- Location, Land borders, Coastline, Terrain, Mean elevation, Highest point, Lowest point, Climate, Major lakes:The World Factbook: Sweden - CIA
- Climate:Climate Change Knowledge Portal (ERA5 reanalysis) ↗ - World Bank
- Land use:FAOSTAT Land Use domain ↗ - FAO
- Natural hazards:INFORM Risk Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
Demographics
- Population change2026
- +0.42% per year+44,413 people/yearWorld Rank150thof 237
- Birth rate
- 9.0 per 1,000 population
- Death rate
- 9.1 per 1,000 population
- Net migration rate
- +4.0 per 1,000 population
- 2026
- 40.4 yearsWorld Rank59thof 237
- Age structure2026
- 0-14 years16.4%15-64 years62.5%65 years +21.1%
- Share aged 65 and over
- 21.1%
- Share aged under 18
- 20.0%
- Total dependency ratio
- 60
- Youth dependency ratio
- 26
- Elderly dependency ratio
- 34
- Sex ratio
- 1.02 male / female
MaleAgeFemalePopulation by age group, % of total population Age Male Female 80+ 2.8% 3.7% 70-79 4.5% 4.9% 60-69 5.6% 5.6% 50-59 6.3% 6.1% 40-49 6.3% 6.0% 30-39 7.2% 6.8% 20-29 6.1% 5.6% 10-19 6.2% 5.8% 0-9 5.4% 5.1% - 2026
- 0.66 below the replacement level for Sweden ()1.44 births per womanreplacement 2.10123World Rank185thof 237
- 0.70 daughters per woman0.30 below replacement, long-run each generation smaller than the lastreplacement 1.000.511.5
- 2026
- −0.1 per 1,000 populationfor every 1,000 people, 0.1 more deaths than births a year
- 2026
- +4.0 per 1,000 population
- Urbanization2026
- 89.3% live in cities9,555,673 urban residents
- Largest localities2023
- Stockholm, Gothenburg, Malmö, UppsalaRankLocalityPopulation (2023 estimate)1Stockholm1,809,4122Gothenburg725,7293Malmö339,3164Uppsala178,0985Västerås131,6436Örebro129,1167Linköping120,1098Helsingborg116,0299Jönköping104,21110Lund98,308Source:
- Statistics Sweden (2023 estimate), via City Population by Thomas Brinkhoff ↗
- Population distribution
- Most of the population lives in the south where the climate is milder and there is better connectivity to mainland Europe; population clusters are found along the Baltic coast in the east; the interior areas of the north remain sparsely populated.
- Ethnic groups2022
- Figures count country of birth, not ethnicity.Swedish79.6%Syrian1.9%Iraqi1.4%Finnish1.3%Other15.8%
The indigenous Sami people are estimated to number between 20,000 and 40,000.
Source:- The World Factbook: Sweden - CIA
- Religions2021
- Counts registered members of the Church of Sweden and state-funded faith communities.Church of Sweden53.9%Other8.9%None or unspecified37.2%
Not all religions are state-funded, and not all people who identify with a religion are registered members.Other includes Roman Catholic, Orthodox, Baptist, Muslim, Jewish, and Buddhist.The Church of Sweden is Lutheran.
Source:- The World Factbook: Sweden - CIA
- Languages
- Swedish (Svenska)
- Population, Population change, Median age, Age structure, Total fertility rate, Net reproduction rate, Natural change, Net migration rate:UN World Population Prospects ↗
- Urbanization:UN World Urbanization Prospects ↗
- Largest cities:Statistics Sweden (2023 estimate), via City Population by Thomas Brinkhoff ↗
- Population distribution, Ethnic groups, Religions:The World Factbook: Sweden - CIA
Government & Administration
- Form of state
- Constitutional monarchyThe King or Queen who holds the throne under the Act of Succession is Head of State; succession passes to the founding line's descendants, elder siblings before younger (Instrument of Government ch. 1 § 5; Act of Succession §§ 1, 2).Sources:
- Kungörelse (1974:152) om beslutad ny regeringsform, Svensk författningssamling, consolidated text ↗, Instrument of Government ch. 1 § 5; Act of Succession §§ 1, 2
- Successionsordning (1810:0926), Svensk författningssamling, consolidated text ↗, Instrument of Government ch. 1 § 5; Act of Succession §§ 1, 2
- System of government
- ParliamentaryThe Riksdag (parliament) approves the Speaker's Prime Minister nominee unless a majority opposes; the Government answers to the Riksdag, which can dismiss any minister by no confidence; the Government may call extra elections (ch. 3 § 11; ch. 6 § 4; ch. 13 § 4).Sources:
- Kungörelse (1974:152) om beslutad ny regeringsform, Svensk författningssamling, consolidated text ↗, ch. 3 § 11; ch. 6 § 4; ch. 13 § 4
- Successionsordning (1810:0926), Svensk författningssamling, consolidated text ↗, ch. 3 § 11; ch. 6 § 4; ch. 13 § 4
- Territorial organisation
- Unitary
- Official websites
- Capital
- Stockholm995,600 people(2024)
- National holidays
- 13 days in 2026
- ThuJan 1New Year's Day
- TueJan 6Epiphany
- FriApr 3Good Friday
- SunApr 5Easter Sunday
- MonApr 6Easter Monday
- FriMay 1May Day
- ThuMay 14Ascension Day
- SunMay 24Pentecost
- SatJun 6National Day
- SatJun 20Midsummer Day
- SatOct 31All Saints' Day
- FriDec 25Christmas Day
- SatDec 26Second Day of Christmas
Nationwide public holidays only, excluding regional, bank and government-only days.
- Time
- Currency
- Swedish Krona (SEK)
- Entry requirements
- Official visa and entry information
- Calling code
- +46
- Internet TLD
- .se
- ISO 3166-1 codes
- SE, SWE
- Infrastructure
- Passengers carried
- 19,554,551 by the country's airlines(2023)
- Heliports
- 11
- Aircraft departures
- 180,974 by the country's airlines(2023)
- Air freight
- 324.8 million tonne-km(2023)
- Aircraft registration prefix
- SE
Sources:- The World Factbook: Sweden - CIA
- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Flag carrier
- SAS Scandinavian AirlinesPartly state-owned
- Passenger rail
- SJ
- 2025
- 80 / 100World Rank6thof 182
Significant declinerDown 9 points since 2015, when it scored 89.
Confidence intervalCorruption index score by year Year Score Lower bound Upper bound 2012 88 85 91 2013 89 85 93 2014 87 81 93 2015 89 86 92 2016 88 85 90 2017 84 80 88 2018 85 82 88 2019 85 81.8 88.2 2020 85 82.9 87.1 2021 85 83 87 2022 83 79.4 86.6 2023 82 78.3 85.7 2024 80 75.9 84.1 2025 80 75.9 84.1 Source:- Corruption Perceptions Index 2025 ↗ - Transparency International, CC BY 4.0
- Form of state, System of government, Territorial organisation:Kungörelse (1974:152) om beslutad ny regeringsform, Svensk författningssamling, consolidated text ↗ - Riksdag (Parliament of Sweden)
- Form of state, System of government, Territorial organisation:Successionsordning (1810:0926), Svensk författningssamling, consolidated text ↗ - Riksdag (Parliament of Sweden)
- National holidays:Open World Holidays Framework (vacanza/holidays) ↗
- Infrastructure:The World Factbook: Sweden - CIA
- Infrastructure:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Corruption Perceptions Index:Corruption Perceptions Index 2025 ↗ - Transparency International, CC BY 4.0
Economy
- High income
- GDP growth (real)2026
- +2.5% per yearWorld Rank113thof 195
- GDP per capita (PPP)2026
- GDP per capita (nominal)
- $69,244 (15th in the world)
Source:- 2025
- Services67% of GDPIndustry21% of GDPAgriculture1.5% of GDPManufacturing12.5%part of industry
- Households
- +46%
- Government
- +26.4%
- Investment
- +25.5%
- Exports
- +53.2%
- Imports
- −51.1%
The shape of the economyGDP by end useSource:- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Inflation2026
- 1.1%down 1.5 percentage points1.5pp from 2025
- Labor force2024
- 5.7 million (54% of population)World Rank77thof 187
- Labor force participation2024
- 64.7% of people aged 15+
- Unemployment2024
- 8.4%
- Youth unemployment2024
- 24.3% ages 15 to 24
- Labor productivity2024
- $83.5 per hour worked at PPP
- Labor cost2025
- SEK 477.20 per hour$48.59 (USD), $53.68 (PPP)
- Budget balance2026
- 2.5% of GDP deficit
- Current account
- 7.3% of GDP, $54.1 billion surplus
Source: - Debt2024
- Government debt32.6% of GDPHousehold debt82.7% of GDPCompany debt163.9% of GDPInterest on debt0.7% of GDPCentral government debt34.4% of GDP
- Trade2025
- Goods$233.1 billion63.9%
- Services$131.9 billion36.1%
- Total exports
- $365 billion
- Change from 2024
- up 8.5 percent on the previous year8.5%
Sources:- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- The World Factbook: Sweden - CIA
- 2024
- +1.23World Rank13thof 145
- Projected GDP growth
- +1.4% a year over the next 10 years
Source:- Atlas of Economic Complexity ↗ - Harvard Growth Lab
- Agricultural products2024
- Oats, Rye, Triticale, and 7 more
- 1Oats25.3×
- 2Rye12.2×
- 3Triticale9.2×
- 4Barley8.1×
- 5Sugar beet6.6×
- 6Wheat3.4×
- 7Raw milk of cattle3.2×
- 8Rape or colza seed2.9×
- 9Potatoes2.1×
- 10Meat of cattle with the bone (fresh or chilled)1.8×
ProductSource:- FAOSTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Gold reserves2025
- 126 tonnesWorth $17.7 billion, 24% of total official reserves by value
- Industries
- iron and steel, precision equipment (bearings, radio and telephone parts, armaments), wood pulp and paper products, processed foods, motor vehicles
- Income level, GDP by sector, Trade, Gold reserves:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- GDP (nominal), GDP growth (real), GDP per capita (PPP), Inflation, Budget balance:IMF World Economic Outlook ↗
- Labor force, Labor force participation, Unemployment, Youth unemployment, Labor productivity, Labor cost:ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
- Debt:IMF Global Debt Database ↗
- Debt:IMF Public Finances in Modern History ↗
- Trade, Industries:The World Factbook: Sweden - CIA
- Economic Complexity Index:Atlas of Economic Complexity ↗ - Harvard Growth Lab
- Agricultural products:FAOSTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
Cost of Living
- Cost of living index
- Loading
- Monthly costs (excluding rent)
- Loading
- Rent
- Loading
- Buying an apartment
- Loading
- Average gross salary2025
- €4,233 per month$4,783 (USD), $5,284 (PPP)
- Median
- €3,886 per month($4,391)
- Men
- €4,603 per month($5,202)
- Women
- €3,849 per month($4,349)
Source:- ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
- Average gross salary:ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
Society
- 2023
- 0.959Very highWorld Rank5thof 193SwedenWorld
Human Development Index by year Year Sweden World 1990 0.818 0.608 1991 0.821 0.611 1992 0.829 0.614 1993 0.850 0.617 1994 0.862 0.620 1995 0.869 0.625 1996 0.877 0.631 1997 0.888 0.636 1998 0.901 0.641 1999 0.906 0.646 2000 0.912 0.651 2001 0.915 0.657 2002 0.918 0.662 2003 0.923 0.669 2004 0.908 0.675 2005 0.911 0.681 2006 0.915 0.688 2007 0.917 0.694 2008 0.913 0.698 2009 0.912 0.701 2010 0.918 0.707 2011 0.920 0.713 2012 0.920 0.717 2013 0.940 0.721 2014 0.943 0.726 2015 0.945 0.731 2016 0.947 0.735 2017 0.949 0.739 2018 0.950 0.741 2019 0.955 0.745 2020 0.951 0.742 2021 0.958 0.742 2022 0.959 0.752 2023 0.959 0.756 Source:- Human Development Report ↗ - United Nations Development Programme
- 2023
- 29.3
- Mean years of schooling2023
- 12.7 years
- Expected for a child today
- 19 years
Source:- Human Development Report ↗ - United Nations Development Programme
- Education expenditure2022
- 7.3% of GDP
- Share of government spending
- 15.3%
Source:- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Internet users2024
- 95.5% of the population
- Households with Internet access
- 92.1%
Source:- ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Mobile subscriptions2024
- 14.9 million
- Fixed telephone lines
- 796,716
- Fixed broadband
- 40.6 subscriptions per 100 people
Counts subscriptions, not people.
Source:- ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Credit-card ownership2021
- 48% of adults
- Debit-card ownership
- 98%
- Account at a bank or mobile-money provider
- 100%
- Made or received a digital payment
- 99%
Source:- Global Findex Database ↗ - World Bank
- Refugees hosted2025
- 155,223 people
- Asylum seekers
- 4,971
- Stateless persons
- 6,427
- Refugees from Sweden abroad
- 82
Source:- Refugee Data Finder ↗ - UN Refugee Agency
- Inbound tourists2022
- Official tourism site6.6 million arrivalsdown 13% against 201913% below 2019World Rank38thof 139
- Per resident
- 6.3 arrivals per 10 residents
- Same-day visitors
- 9.4 million arrivals(2014, latest available)
- $10.7 billion(2024)
- Share of GDP
- 1.9% tourism direct GDP(2021, latest available)
- Residents' trips abroad
- 18.3 million overnight trips(2024)
- $14 billion(2024)
- Hotel beds
- 289,625(2024)
- Average hotel stay
- 1.9 nights(2024)
Overnight arrivals by year2010 to 2022A tourist stays at least one night. Arrivals count trips, not people.
Source:- UN Tourism Data Dashboard ↗ - UN Tourism
- UNESCO World Heritage Sites
- 15 sites13 cultural1 natural1 mixed
Site Type Royal Domain of Drottningholm Cultural Laponian Area Mixed High Coast/Kvarken Archipelago Natural Birka and Hovgården Cultural Hanseatic Town of Visby Cultural Church Town of Gammelstad, Luleå Cultural Naval Port of Karlskrona Cultural Rock Carvings in Tanum Cultural Engelsberg Ironworks Cultural Mining Area of the Great Copper Mountain in Falun Cultural The Factbook names 10 of the 15 sites.
Source:- The World Factbook: Sweden - CIA
- Human Development Index, Mean years of schooling:Human Development Report ↗ - United Nations Development Programme
- Income inequality (Gini), Education expenditure:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Internet users, Mobile subscriptions:ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Credit-card ownership:Global Findex Database ↗ - World Bank
- Refugees hosted:Refugee Data Finder ↗ - UN Refugee Agency
- Inbound tourists:UN Tourism Data Dashboard ↗ - UN Tourism
- UNESCO World Heritage Sites:The World Factbook: Sweden - CIA
Crime & Safety
- Travel advisory (US)
- Loading
- Active humanitarian crisisAug 2026
- None - no active crisis
- Homicide rate2024
- Very low by global standards0.9 per 100,000 peopleWorld Rank87thof 115
- Crime rates
- 6 offence categories
Offence Per 100,000 Count Year Homicide (victims) 0.9 92 2024 Serious assault 45.5 4,800 2023 Sexual violence 191.5 20,210 2023 Burglary 661.1 69,327 2022 Theft 2,848.9 298,778 2022 Vehicle theft 161.8 16,971 2022 A low figure can also mean weak recording.
Source:- UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
- Prison population2023
- 92.4 per 100,000 people
- Persons held
- 9,748
Source:- UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
- Active humanitarian crisis:INFORM Severity Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
- Homicide rate, Crime rates, Prison population:UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
Health
- Life expectancy2026
- 83.7 years
- Health expenditure2024
- 11.2% of GDP$6,485 per person
- Physicians2021
- 4.41 per 1,000 population
- Hospital beds2022
- 1.9 per 1,000 population
- Infant mortality2026
- 1.7 per 1,000 live births
- Maternal mortality2023
- 4 per 100,000 live births
- Alcohol consumption2022
- 9.6 litres of pure alcohol per adult per year
- Tobacco use2023
- 21% of adults
- Men
- 26.8%
- Women
- 15.3%
Source:- Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Alcohol and Tobacco Spending2023
- 3.1% of household spendingWorld Rank51stof 105
- World median
- 3.1%
Source:- The World Factbook: Sweden - CIA
- Road traffic deaths2019
- 3.1 per 100,000 population
- Life expectancy, Infant mortality:UN World Population Prospects ↗
- Health expenditure, Physicians, Hospital beds, Road traffic deaths:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Maternal mortality:Maternal mortality estimates ↗ - UN Maternal Mortality Estimation Inter-agency Group
- Alcohol consumption, Tobacco use:Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Alcohol and Tobacco Spending:The World Factbook: Sweden - CIA
Environment
- CO₂ emissions2024
- 37.8 Mt per yearup 3 percent on the previous year3% from 2023
- CO₂ per capita
- 3.6 t per personWorld Rank86thof 207
- Share of global CO₂
- 0.10%
- Methane (CH₄)
- 8.12 Mt CO₂-eq
- Nitrous oxide (N₂O)
- 5.78 Mt CO₂-eq
- Fluorinated gases
- 0.89 Mt CO₂-eq
- All greenhouse gases
- 52.6 Mt CO₂-eq
Source:- Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ↗ - European Commission, Joint Research Centre
- 2024
- 5.2 µg/m³ of PM2.50 years of life expectancy lost against the WHO guidelineMost polluted182ndof 236
- WHO guideline
- 5 µg/m³
- National standard
- 10 µg/m³
Source:- Air Quality Life Index ↗ - Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago
- Environmental issues
- marine pollution (Baltic Sea and North Sea)
- acid rain damage to soil and lakes
- air pollution
- poor timber-harvesting practices
Source:- The World Factbook: Sweden - CIA
- International agreements
- 19 of 20 landmark treaties in forceParty to 174 multilateral environmental agreements
Treaty Standing Joined Climate Paris Agreement in force 2016 UN Framework Convention on Climate Change in force 1994 Kyoto Protocol in force 2005 Ozone layer Montreal Protocol in force 1989 Vienna Convention (Ozone Layer) in force 1988 Biodiversity Convention on Biological Diversity in force 1994 CITES in force 1975 Convention on Migratory Species (Bonn) in force 1983 Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety in force 2003 Nagoya Protocol in force 2016 Land and heritage Ramsar Convention on Wetlands in force 1975 World Heritage Convention in force 1985 UN Convention to Combat Desertification in force 1996 Chemicals and waste Basel Convention in force 1992 Rotterdam Convention (PIC) in force 2004 Stockholm Convention (POPs) in force 2004 Minamata Convention on Mercury in force 2017 Oceans UN Convention on the Law of the Sea in force 1996 High Seas Treaty (BBNJ) signed 2023, not ratified MARPOL 73/78 in force 1983 Source:- International Environmental Agreements Database ↗ - Université Laval
- CO₂ emissions:Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ↗ - European Commission, Joint Research Centre
- Air pollution:Air Quality Life Index ↗ - Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago
- Environmental issues:The World Factbook: Sweden - CIA
- International agreements:International Environmental Agreements Database ↗ - Université Laval
Food & Water
- No access to safe drinking water2022
- 0% of the population
- Renewable water2022
- 174 billion m³ per year
- Per person
- 16,591 m³ per year
- Dependency ratio
- 2% originates outside the country
- Annual water withdrawal
- 2.1 billion m³ per year
- Withdrawn for agriculture
- 5%
- Water stress
- 4% of available freshwater withdrawn
Source:- AQUASTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Obesity2024
- 17.5% of adults
- Men
- 18.5%
- Women
- 16.5%
Source:- Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- No access to safe drinking water, Renewable water:AQUASTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Obesity:Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
Energy
- Energy consumption2024
- Per capita
- 148 GJ per person
- Share of world total
- 0.25%
- Supply
- Deficitproduces 66% of what it consumes, 2024
Source:- International Energy Statistics ↗ - U.S. Energy Information Administration
- Electricity2024
- Net exporter, net 33 TWh in 2024, 26% of consumption170 TWh generated per year
- Generation
- 170 TWh per year
- Consumption
- 127 TWh per year
- Imports
- 5.7 TWh per year
- Exports
- 39 TWh per year
- Net
- +33 TWh per year
Source:- International Energy Statistics ↗ - U.S. Energy Information Administration
- Energy consumption, Electricity, Oil, gas & coal:International Energy Statistics ↗ - U.S. Energy Information Administration
Defense
- Military expenditure2024
- 2% of GDP$12 billion, 4.1% of government spending
- Military personnel2025
- approximately 25,000active military personnel; approximately 21,000 Home Guard
SAF personnel are divided into continuously serving (full-time) and temporary service troops (part-timers who serve periodically and have another main employer or attend school); additional personnel have signed service agreements with the SAF and mostly serve in the Home Guard.In 2021, Sweden announced plans that increase the total size of the armed forces to about 100,000 personnel by 2030.
Source:- The World Factbook: Sweden - CIA
- Military service2026
- Selective conscriptionmen and women 18+, typically 9–15 months depending on the branch of service and position, with a reserve commitment up to age 45; voluntary 18+
- Space program2025
- Swedish National Space Agency (SNSA; established 1972; known until 2018 as the Swedish National Space Board)
Aims to have one of Europe's leading space programs; produces and operates satellites; builds and launches sounding rockets; involved in the research, development, production, and operations of a variety of other space-related areas, including astronomy, atmospheric monitoring, geographic information systems, infrared imaging, meteorology, propulsion systems, remote sensing, satellite subsystems, spacecraft systems and structures, research, and telecommunications; member of the ESA and program is integrated into its framework; works extensively with foreign space agencies, in particular through the ESA and EU and their member states, as well as with the US; participates in programs such as Europe's Copernicus Earth observation and the Galileo global navigation satellite system, France's Pleiades project, and the Square Kilometer Array Project; has a large commercial space industry, including state-owned enterprises
- Launch sites
- Esrange Space Center (Kiruna)
- 1950s
- Space program initiated with the establishment of a space observatory and the Swedish Space Research Committee
- 1961
- Launched first sounding rocket
- 1986
- First scientific satellite (Viking) launched on European rocket
- 1989
- First communications satellite (Tele-X) launched on European rocket
- 2006
- First astronaut into space on US Space Shuttle
- 2019
- Established a space data lab for artificial intelligence-based analysis of imagery data
- 2024
- Signed US-led Artemis Accords for space and lunar exploration; launched first military communications satellite (GNA-3); adopted its first defense and security space strategy
Key milestones
Source:- The World Factbook: Sweden - CIA
- Nuclear weapons2026
- None - no nuclear arsenal
- Military expenditure:SIPRI Military Expenditure Database ↗ - Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
- Military expenditure:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Military personnel, Military service, Space program:The World Factbook: Sweden - CIA
- Nuclear weapons:Status of World Nuclear Forces ↗ - Federation of American Scientists
