National Identity
- Official name
- Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal
- Official name (in Nepali)
- संघीय लोकतान्त्रिक गणतन्त्र नेपाल
- Official name (in Nepali, Romanized)
- Sanghiya Loktāntrik Ganatantra Nepāl
- Name etymology
the name probably comes from the Sanskrit term nepala, from the words for "fly down" and "house," which would refer to the villages at the base of the mountains
Sources:- Constitution of Nepal 2072 ↗ - Office of the Attorney General
- The World Factbook: Nepal - CIA
- National emblem
- National flag
Translated from the Ministry of Home Affairs of Nepal National Flag of Nepal
As mentioned in Article 8 of the Constitution of Nepal, 2072, the traditional flag of two slightly joined triangles with a crimson field and a dark blue border, on which are inscribed, in the upper part, a white figure showing eight of sixteen angles in the middle of a crescent moon and, in the lower part, a white figure of the sun with twelve angles, is the national flag of Nepal.
Unofficial translation by WorldometerSource:- moha.gov.np ↗ - the Ministry of Home Affairs of Nepal
- National anthem
- Sayaun Thunga Phool Ka (सयौं थुँगा फूलका)1:10
- Title (in Nepali)
- सयौं थुँगा फूलका
- Title (in Nepali, Romanized)
- Sayaun Thunga Phool Ka
- Title (in English, translated)
- Hundreds of Flowers
- Lyrics
सयौं थूंगा फूलका हामी, एउटै माला नेपाली सार्वभौम भइ फैलिएका, मेची-महाकाली ।
सयौं थूंगा फूलका हामी, एउटै माला नेपाली सार्वभौम भइ फैलिएका, मेची-महाकाली ।
प्रकृतिका कोटी-कोटी सम्पदाको आंचल वीरहरुका रगतले, स्वतन्त्र र अटल
ज्ञानभूमि, शान्तिभूमि तराई, पहाड, हिमाल अखण्ड यो प्यारो हाम्रो मातृभूमि नेपाल ।
बहुल जाति, भाषा, धर्म, संस्कृति छन् विशाल अग्रगामी राष्ट्र हाम्रो, जय जय नेपाल ।
Source: - Citizens
- Nepali
- Official name:Constitution of Nepal 2072 ↗ - Office of the Attorney General
- Official name, Citizens:The World Factbook: Nepal - CIA
- Coat of arms:Image credit
- National flag:moha.gov.np ↗ - the Ministry of Home Affairs of Nepal
- National anthem:nationalanthems.info ↗
Geography
- Location
- Total area
- 147,181 km²
- Land area
- 143,351 km²
- Water area
- 3,830 km²
- Coastline
- 0 km(Landlocked)
- Terrain
Tarai or flat river plain of the Ganges in south; central hill region with rugged Himalayas in north - Mean elevation
- 2,565 m
- Highest point
- 8,849 mMount Everest
- Lowest point
- 70 mKanchan Kalan
- Climate
Varies from cool summers and severe winters in north to subtropical summers and mild winters in south - Avg. temperature
- 12.7 °C
- Avg. daily range
- 7.4 to 17.8 °C
- Annual precipitation
- 2,028 mm
Temperature °CMeanDaily rangePrecipitation mmMonthly climate normals Month Avg. high, °C Mean, °C Avg. low, °C Precipitation, mm January 9.4 3.2 −2.8 53 February 11.7 5.6 −1 64 March 15.8 9.6 2.4 59 April 19.7 13.7 6.7 71 May 21.5 16.5 10.9 137 June 22.7 18.8 14.8 313 July 22.3 19.2 16.5 527 August 22.3 19.1 16.2 434 September 21.5 17.7 14.1 244 October 18.9 13.7 8.3 71 November 15.5 9.3 3.2 29 December 12 5.6 −0.4 28 Country-wide averages over 1991–2020.
Sources:- The World Factbook: Nepal - CIA
- Climate Change Knowledge Portal (ERA5 reanalysis) ↗ - World Bank
- Weather
- Loading
- Land use2023
- Arable12.6%Perm. crops1.0%Pasture12.5%Forest43.5%Other27.7%
- Arable land
- 1,803,800 hectares (12.6%)
- Permanent crops
- 145,000 hectares (1.0%)
- Permanent meadows & pastures
- 1,795,300 hectares (12.5%)
- Forest
- 6,233,090 hectares (43.5%)
- Other land
- 3,974,356 hectares (27.7%)
Reported categories cover 97.3% of the land area.
Source: - Natural hazards2026
- Earthquakes9.8Very high#1/191River floods6.9Very high#43/191Epidemics6.0High#58/191Drought3.7Medium#73/191Tsunamis0.0Very lowTropical cyclones0.0Very lowCoastal floods0.0Very low
Scores out of 10, ranks out of 191 countries.
Source:- INFORM Risk Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
- Location, Land borders, Coastline, Terrain, Mean elevation, Highest point, Lowest point, Climate:The World Factbook: Nepal - CIA
- Climate:Climate Change Knowledge Portal (ERA5 reanalysis) ↗ - World Bank
- Land use:FAOSTAT Land Use domain ↗ - FAO
- Natural hazards:INFORM Risk Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
Demographics
- Population change2026
- +0.04% per year+11,292 people/yearWorld Rank172ndof 237
- Birth rate
- 18.3 per 1,000 population
- Death rate
- 7.0 per 1,000 population
- Net migration rate
- −9.9 per 1,000 population
- 2026
- 25.7 yearsWorld Rank164thof 237
- Age structure2026
- 0-14 years27.7%15-64 years65.6%65 years +6.7%
- Share aged 65 and over
- 6.7%
- Share aged under 18
- 33.4%
- Total dependency ratio
- 52
- Youth dependency ratio
- 42
- Elderly dependency ratio
- 10
- Sex ratio
- 0.91 male / female
MaleAgeFemalePopulation by age group, % of total population Age Male Female 80+ 0.4% 0.5% 70-79 1.5% 1.8% 60-69 2.7% 3.0% 50-59 3.9% 4.5% 40-49 5.0% 6.3% 30-39 6.3% 8.3% 20-29 8.7% 9.7% 10-19 9.8% 9.4% 0-9 9.3% 8.9% - 2026
- 0.18 below the replacement level for Nepal ()1.92 births per womanreplacement 2.10123World Rank118thof 237
- 0.91 daughters per woman0.09 below replacement, long-run each generation smaller than the lastreplacement 1.000.511.5
- 2026
- +11.3 per 1,000 populationfor every 1,000 people, 11.3 more births than deaths a year
- 2026
- −9.9 per 1,000 population
- Urbanization2026
- 67.2% live in 19,918,170 urban residents
- Largest cities2021
- Kathmandu, Pokhara, Bharatpur, LalitpurRankCity or MunicipalityPopulation (2021 census)1Kathmandu862,4002Pokhara513,5043Bharatpur369,2684Lalitpur294,0985Birgunj272,3826Biratnagar243,9277Ghorahi200,5308Dhangadhi198,7929Itahari197,24110Janakpur194,556Source:
- Central Bureau of Statistics, Nepal (2021 census), via City Population by Thomas Brinkhoff ↗
- Population distribution
- Most of the population is divided nearly equally between a concentration in the southern-most plains of the Tarai region and the central hilly region; overall density is low.
- Ethnic groups2021
- Chhettri16.5%Brahman-Hill11.3%Magar6.9%Tharu6.2%Tamang5.6%Bishwokarma5.0%Musalman4.9%Newar4.6%Yadav4.2%Rai2.2%Pariyar1.9%Gurung1.9%Thakuri1.7%Mijar1.6%Teli1.5%Yakthung/Limbu1.4%Chamar/Harijan/Ram1.4%Koiri/Kushwaha1.2%Other20.0%
The 2021 national census reported 141 caste/ethnic groups.
Source:- The World Factbook: Nepal - CIA
- Religions2021
- Hindu81.2%Buddhist8.2%Muslim5.1%Kirat3.2%Christian1.8%
Prakriti, Bon, Jains, and Sikh each account for less than 1%.
Source:- The World Factbook: Nepal - CIA
- Languages
- Nepali (नेपाली)
- Population, Population change, Median age, Age structure, Total fertility rate, Net reproduction rate, Natural change, Net migration rate:UN World Population Prospects ↗
- Urbanization:UN World Urbanization Prospects ↗
- Largest cities:Central Bureau of Statistics, Nepal (2021 census), via City Population by Thomas Brinkhoff ↗
- Population distribution, Ethnic groups, Religions:The World Factbook: Nepal - CIA
Government & Administration
- Form of state
- RepublicThe President is elected by an electoral college of members of the Federal Parliament and the Provincial Assemblies; the Constitution calls Nepal a "federal democratic republican State" (Arts. 4, 62).
- System of government
- ParliamentaryThe President appoints the majority leader in the House of Representatives as Prime Minister, who can be removed by a no-confidence motion; dissolution follows only a failure to form a government (Arts. 76, 100).
- Territorial organisation
- Federal
- Official websites
- Government (in Nepali, English available)
- Capital
- Kathmandu862,400 people(2021)
- National holidays
- 32 days in 2026
- SunJan 11Prithvi Jayanti
- ThuJan 15Maghe Sankranti
- MonJan 19Sonam Lhochhar
- ThuJan 29Martyr's Day
- SunFeb 15Maha Shivaratri
- WedFeb 18Gyalpo Lhosar
- ThuFeb 19National Democracy Day
- MonMar 2Fagu Poornima
- TueMar 3Fagu Poornima (Terai)
- SunMar 8International Women's Day
- SatMar 21Eid al-Fitr (estimated)
- FriMar 27Ram Navami
- TueApr 14Nepali New Year
- FriMay 1Buddha JayantiInternational Labor Day
- ThuMay 28Eid al-Adha (estimated)
- FriMay 29Republic Day
- FriAug 28Janai Poornima
- FriSep 4Shree Krishna Janmashtami
- SatSep 19Constitution Day
- SunOct 11Ghatasthapana
- SunOct 18Fulpati
- MonOct 19Maha AshtamiMaha Navami
- TueOct 20Bijaya Dashami
- WedOct 21Ekadashi (Dashain)
- ThuOct 22Duwadashi (Dashain)
- SunNov 8Laxmi Pooja
- MonNov 9Gai Tihar
- TueNov 10Gobardhan PoojaMha Pooja
- WedNov 11Bhai Tika
- SunNov 15Chhath Parva
- FriDec 25Christmas Day
- WedDec 30Tamu Lhochhar
Nationwide public holidays only, excluding regional, bank and government-only days.
- Time
- NPTNepal TimeUTC+5:45
- Currency
- Nepalese Rupee (NPR)
- Entry requirements
- Official visa and entry information (in Nepali)
- Calling code
- +977
- Internet TLD
- .np
- ISO 3166-1 codes
- NP, NPL
- Infrastructure
- Railways59 km
- Passengers carried
- 4,289,298 by the country's airlines(2023)
- Heliports
- 14
- Aircraft departures
- 67,501 by the country's airlines(2023)
- Air freight
- 16.9 million tonne-km(2023)
- Aircraft registration prefix
- 9N
Sources:- The World Factbook: Nepal - CIA
- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Flag carrier
- Nepal AirlinesState-owned
- 2025
- 34 / 100World Rank109thof 182
Significant improverUp 7 points since 2015, when it scored 27.
Confidence intervalCorruption index score by year Year Score Lower bound Upper bound 2012 27 23 31 2013 31 29 33 2014 29 25 33 2015 27 23 31 2016 29 25 33 2017 31 28 34 2018 31 28 34 2019 34 31.1 36.9 2020 33 30.8 35.2 2021 33 32.1 33.9 2022 34 32.5 35.5 2023 35 33.8 36.2 2024 34 32.5 35.5 2025 34 32.5 35.5 Source:- Corruption Perceptions Index 2025 ↗ - Transparency International, CC BY 4.0
- Form of state, System of government, Territorial organisation:The Constitution of Nepal, official English text, as amended by the Second Amendment (2020) ↗ - Nepal Law Commission
- National holidays:Open World Holidays Framework (vacanza/holidays) ↗
- Infrastructure:The World Factbook: Nepal - CIA
- Infrastructure:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Corruption Perceptions Index:Corruption Perceptions Index 2025 ↗ - Transparency International, CC BY 4.0
Economy
- Lower middle income
- GDP growth (real)2026
- +3.6% per yearWorld Rank74thof 195
- GDP per capita (PPP)2026
- GDP per capita (nominal)
- $1,540 (168th in the world)
Source:- 2025
- Services54.4% of GDPIndustry12.1% of GDPAgriculture21.6% of GDPManufacturing5%part of industry
- Households
- +84.7%
- Government
- +8.4%
- Investment
- +29.4%
- Exports
- +8.8%
- Imports
- −33.7%
The shape of the economyGDP by end useThe five add up to 97.6% of GDP, not 100. The gap is in the source data.
Source:- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Inflation2026
- 3.1%down 1 percentage points1pp from 2025
- Labor force2024
- 8.3 million (28% of population)World Rank63rdof 187
- Labor force participation2024
- 39.3% of people aged 15+
- Unemployment2024
- 10.5%
- Youth unemployment2024
- 20.6% ages 15 to 24
- Labor productivity2024
- $9.4 per hour worked at PPP
- Budget balance2026
- 1.5% of GDP deficit
- Current account
- 13.9% of GDP, $6.3 billion surplus
Source: - Debt2024
- Central government debt47.9% of GDPHousehold debt32.5% of GDPCompany debt58% of GDP
- Trade2024
- Goods$1.5 billion44.9%
- Services$1.9 billion55.1%
- Total exports
- $3.4 billion
- Change from 2023
- up 14 percent on the previous year14%
Sources:- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- The World Factbook: Nepal - CIA
- 2024
- −0.12World Rank88thof 145
- Projected GDP growth
- +2.9% a year over the next 10 years
Source:- Atlas of Economic Complexity ↗ - Harvard Growth Lab
- Agricultural products2024
- Ginger (raw), Millet, Raw milk of buffalo, and 7 more
- 1Ginger (raw)23.5×
- 2Millet3.9×
- 3Raw milk of buffalo3.6×
- 4Potatoes3.6×
- 5Mangoes and guavas and mangosteens3.5×
- 6Rice2.9×
- 7Bananas1.1×
- 8Maize (corn)1×
- 9Wheat1×
- 10Raw milk of cattle0.6×
ProductSource:- FAOSTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Gold reserves2025
- 8 tonnesWorth $1.1 billion, 5% of total official reserves by value
- Industries
- tourism, carpets, textiles, small rice, jute, sugar, oilseed mills, cigarettes, cement and brick production
- Income level, GDP by sector, Trade, Gold reserves:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- GDP (nominal), GDP growth (real), GDP per capita (PPP), Inflation, Budget balance:IMF World Economic Outlook ↗
- Labor force, Labor force participation, Unemployment, Youth unemployment, Labor productivity:ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
- Debt:IMF Global Debt Database ↗
- Trade, Industries:The World Factbook: Nepal - CIA
- Economic Complexity Index:Atlas of Economic Complexity ↗ - Harvard Growth Lab
- Agricultural products:FAOSTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
Cost of Living
- Cost of living index
- Loading
- Monthly costs (excluding rent)
- Loading
- Rent
- Loading
- Buying an apartment
- Loading
- Average gross salary2017
- NPR 17,801 per month$170 (USD), $586 (PPP)
- Median
- NPR 15,208 per month($146)
- Men
- NPR 19,454 per month($186)
- Women
- NPR 13,629 per month($130)
Source:- ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
- 2024
- NPR 17,300 per month, gross$129 (USD), $490 (PPP)
- Average gross salary, Minimum wage:ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
Society
- 2023
- 0.622MediumWorld Rank145thof 193NepalWorld
Human Development Index by year Year Nepal World 1990 0.404 0.608 1991 0.412 0.611 1992 0.420 0.614 1993 0.425 0.617 1994 0.433 0.620 1995 0.438 0.625 1996 0.447 0.631 1997 0.453 0.636 1998 0.459 0.641 1999 0.464 0.646 2000 0.471 0.651 2001 0.472 0.657 2002 0.479 0.662 2003 0.486 0.669 2004 0.493 0.675 2005 0.500 0.681 2006 0.512 0.688 2007 0.516 0.694 2008 0.526 0.698 2009 0.538 0.701 2010 0.551 0.707 2011 0.559 0.713 2012 0.565 0.717 2013 0.570 0.721 2014 0.574 0.726 2015 0.575 0.731 2016 0.580 0.735 2017 0.588 0.739 2018 0.596 0.741 2019 0.604 0.745 2020 0.599 0.742 2021 0.596 0.742 2022 0.605 0.752 2023 0.622 0.756 Source:- Human Development Report ↗ - United Nations Development Programme
- 2022
- 30
- Mean years of schooling2023
- 4.5 years
- Expected for a child today
- 13.8 years
Source:- Human Development Report ↗ - United Nations Development Programme
- Literacy2019
- 68.7% of adults
- Education expenditure2024
- 3.7% of GDP
- Share of government spending
- 11.3%
Source:- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Internet users2024
- 46.3% of the population
- Households with Internet access
- 40.2%
Source:- ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Mobile subscriptions2024
- 29.6 million
- Fixed telephone lines
- 407,925
- Fixed broadband
- 10.1 subscriptions per 100 people
Counts subscriptions, not people.
Source:- ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Credit-card ownership2024
- 0% of adults
- Debit-card ownership
- 18%
- Account at a bank or mobile-money provider
- 60%
- Mobile-money account
- 11%
- Made or received a digital payment
- 28%
Source:- Global Findex Database ↗ - World Bank
- Refugees hosted2025
- 19,597 people
- Asylum seekers
- 315
- Stateless persons
- 477
- Internally displaced persons
- 2,100All due to disasters
- Refugees from Nepal abroad
- 8,169
Sources:- Refugee Data Finder ↗ - UN Refugee Agency
- Global Internal Displacement Database ↗ - Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre
- Inbound tourists2022
- Official tourism site614,800 arrivalsdown 49% against 201949% below 2019World Rank97thof 139
- Per resident
- 2.1 arrivals per 100 residents
- $861.1 million(2024)
- 1.6% tourism direct GDP(2021, latest available)
- Residents' trips abroad
- 1.2 million overnight trips(2017, latest available)
- $2 billion(2024)
- Hotel beds
- 53,365
Overnight arrivals by year2010 to 2022A tourist stays at least one night. Arrivals count trips, not people.
Source:- UN Tourism Data Dashboard ↗ - UN Tourism
- UNESCO World Heritage Sites
- 4 sites2 cultural2 natural
Site Type Kathmandu Valley Cultural Sagarmatha National Park Natural Chitwan National Park Natural Lumbini, Buddha Birthplace Cultural Source:- The World Factbook: Nepal - CIA
- Human Development Index, Mean years of schooling:Human Development Report ↗ - United Nations Development Programme
- Income inequality (Gini), Education expenditure:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Literacy:UIS Data Browser ↗ - UNESCO Institute for Statistics
- Internet users, Mobile subscriptions:ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Credit-card ownership:Global Findex Database ↗ - World Bank
- Refugees hosted:Refugee Data Finder ↗ - UN Refugee Agency
- Refugees hosted:Global Internal Displacement Database ↗ - Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre
- Inbound tourists:UN Tourism Data Dashboard ↗ - UN Tourism
- UNESCO World Heritage Sites:The World Factbook: Nepal - CIA
Crime & Safety
- Travel advisory (US)
- Loading
- Active humanitarian crisisAug 2026
- Medium4.3 out of 10FloodsSeverity by monthSep 2024 to Aug 2026What the score is made ofImpact of the crisis3.5Conditions of people affected4.1Complexity of the crisis5.1
Data reliability as rated by INFORM: High. Last updated Aug 31, 2026.
Source:- INFORM Severity Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
- Homicide rate2020
- Low by global standards2.1 per 100,000 peopleWorld Rank56thof 115
- Crime rates
- 5 offence categories
Offence Per 100,000 Count Year Homicide (victims) 2.1 617 2020 Serious assault 0.2 66 2016 Kidnapping 0.1 20 2016 Burglary 0.4 102 2016 Theft 4.6 1,274 2016 A low figure can also mean weak recording.
Source:- UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
- Prison population2022
- 92.7 per 100,000 people
- Persons held
- 27,550
Source:- UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
- Active humanitarian crisis:INFORM Severity Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
- Homicide rate, Crime rates, Prison population:UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
Health
- Life expectancy2026
- 71.2 years
- Health expenditure2023
- 6.2% of GDP$84 per person
- Physicians2023
- 1.01 per 1,000 population
- Hospital beds2023
- 0.5 per 1,000 population
- Infant mortality2026
- 18.6 per 1,000 live births
- Maternal mortality2023
- 142 per 100,000 live births
- Alcohol consumption2022
- 3.7 litres of pure alcohol per adult per year
- Tobacco use2022
- 30.4% of adults
- Men
- 48.6%
- Women
- 12.2%
Source:- Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Road traffic deaths2019
- 16.3 per 100,000 population
- Life expectancy, Infant mortality:UN World Population Prospects ↗
- Health expenditure, Physicians, Hospital beds, Road traffic deaths:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Maternal mortality:Maternal mortality estimates ↗ - UN Maternal Mortality Estimation Inter-agency Group
- Alcohol consumption, Tobacco use:Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
Environment
- CO₂ emissions2024
- 15.9 Mt per yearup 3 percent on the previous year3% from 2023
- CO₂ per capita
- 0.5 t per personWorld Rank173rdof 207
- Share of global CO₂
- 0.04%
- Methane (CH₄)
- 20.6 Mt CO₂-eq
- Nitrous oxide (N₂O)
- 4.98 Mt CO₂-eq
- All greenhouse gases
- 41.5 Mt CO₂-eq
Source:- Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ↗ - European Commission, Joint Research Centre
- 2024
- 37.5 µg/m³ of PM2.53.2 years of life expectancy lost against the WHO guidelineMost polluted12thof 236
- WHO guideline
- 5 µg/m³
Source:- Air Quality Life Index ↗ - Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago
- Environmental issues
- deforestation (overuse of wood for fuel and lack of alternatives)
- forest degradation
- soil erosion
- contaminated water from human and animal wastes, agricultural runoff, and industrial effluents
- unmanaged solid waste
- wildlife conservation
- air pollution from vehicular emissions
Source:- The World Factbook: Nepal - CIA
- International agreements
- 15 of 20 landmark treaties in forceParty to 41 multilateral environmental agreements
Treaty Standing Joined Climate Paris Agreement in force 2016 UN Framework Convention on Climate Change in force 1994 Kyoto Protocol in force 2005 Ozone layer Montreal Protocol in force 1994 Vienna Convention (Ozone Layer) in force 1994 Biodiversity Convention on Biological Diversity in force 1994 CITES in force 1975 Convention on Migratory Species (Bonn) not a party Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety signed 2001, not ratified Nagoya Protocol in force 2019 Land and heritage Ramsar Convention on Wetlands in force 1988 World Heritage Convention in force 1978 UN Convention to Combat Desertification in force 1997 Chemicals and waste Basel Convention in force 1997 Rotterdam Convention (PIC) in force 2007 Stockholm Convention (POPs) in force 2007 Minamata Convention on Mercury signed 2013, not ratified Oceans UN Convention on the Law of the Sea in force 1998 High Seas Treaty (BBNJ) signed 2023, not ratified MARPOL 73/78 not a party Source:- International Environmental Agreements Database ↗ - Université Laval
- CO₂ emissions:Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ↗ - European Commission, Joint Research Centre
- Air pollution:Air Quality Life Index ↗ - Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago
- Environmental issues:The World Factbook: Nepal - CIA
- International agreements:International Environmental Agreements Database ↗ - Université Laval
Food & Water
- No access to safe drinking water2022
- 8.4% of the population
- Renewable water2022
- 210 billion m³ per year
- Per person
- 7,074 m³ per year
- Dependency ratio
- 6% originates outside the country
- Annual water withdrawal
- 9.5 billion m³ per year
- Withdrawn for agriculture
- 98%
- Water stress
- 8% of available freshwater withdrawn
Source:- AQUASTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Undernourishment2022
- 5.7% of the population1.7 million people
- Obesity2024
- 8% of adults
- Men
- 5.1%
- Women
- 10.3%
Source:- Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Underweight children2022
- 18.3% of children under five
- No access to safe drinking water, Renewable water:AQUASTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Undernourishment:Food security indicators (FAOSTAT) ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Obesity:Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Underweight children:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
Energy
- Energy consumption2024
- Per capita
- 6.39 GJ per person
- Share of world total
- 0.03%
- Supply
- Deficitproduces 21% of what it consumes, 2024
Source:- International Energy Statistics ↗ - U.S. Energy Information Administration
- Electricity2024
- Balanced trade, imports 1.8 TWh and exports 1.9 TWh in 202411 TWh generated per year
- Generation
- 11 TWh per year
- Consumption
- 9.2 TWh per year
- Imports
- 1.8 TWh per year
- Exports
- 1.9 TWh per year
- Net
- +0.1 TWh per year
Source:- International Energy Statistics ↗ - U.S. Energy Information Administration
- Oil, gas & coal
- No domestic productionconsumes 60,691 b/d in 2024Consumption202460,691 b/d
Oil imports and exports count crude oil only.
- Energy consumption, Electricity, Oil, gas & coal:International Energy Statistics ↗ - U.S. Energy Information Administration
Defense
- Military expenditure2024
- 1% of GDP$426.5 million, 4.1% of government spending
- Military personnel2025
- approximately 95,000active Armed Forces
- Military service2025
- Voluntaryno conscription; men and women 18+, upper age limit varies
- Nuclear weapons2026
- None - no nuclear arsenal
- Military expenditure:SIPRI Military Expenditure Database ↗ - Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
- Military expenditure:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Military personnel, Military service:The World Factbook: Nepal - CIA
- Nuclear weapons:Status of World Nuclear Forces ↗ - Federation of American Scientists
