National Identity
- Official name
- Principality of Liechtenstein
- Official name (in German)
- Fürstentum Liechtenstein
- Name etymology
named after the Liechtenstein family that purchased and united the counties of Schellenburg and Vaduz in 1719; the family name was taken from its Austrian castle of the same name, which in German means "light stone"
Sources:- Constitution of the Principality of Liechtenstein of 5 October 1921 - Liechtenstein Legal Gazette - Year 1921 No. 15 issued on 24 October 1921 ↗ - Government of the Principality of Liechtenstein
- The World Factbook: Liechtenstein - CIA
- Coat of arms
- National flag
Translated from the Legal Service of the Government of the Principality of Liechtenstein (RDR) The flag consists of a rectangular cloth, loosely attached to a pole with a line, made of two horizontal stripes of equal width, blue at the top, red at the bottom. In the blue stripe, towards the pole, the princely hat is placed in gold. [...] The ratio of the height to the length of the flag cloth is three to five.
Unofficial translation by WorldometerTranslated from bua.regierung.li The origin of the national colours blue-red, first expressly determined in Article 5 of the Constitution of 1921, has not been definitively clarified. The latest research confirms the supposition, already expressed earlier, that the Liechtenstein national colours are to be derived from the livery colours of the Princely House. Blue-red clothing of the servants of the Princely House of Liechtenstein can be documented since the turn from the 17th to the 18th century. [...] The Principality of Liechtenstein and the neighbouring Grand Duchy of Baden possessed the same time-honoured gold-red princely ancestral and national colours. In this situation, the second Liechtenstein colour combination, blue-red, is likely to have been conferred on the Principality of Liechtenstein as national colours.
Unofficial translation by WorldometerTranslated from bua.regierung.li On the occasion of Liechtenstein's participation in the Summer Olympic Games in 1936, a colour clash with Haiti had occurred when the flags were hoisted. Thereupon, based on designs by the heraldic institute Krahl in Vienna, the Liechtenstein national flag was expanded by placing the princely hat in gold in the blue field towards the pole (Government decision, 2 June 1937; Diet resolution, 24 June 1937).
Unofficial translation by WorldometerTranslated from bua.regierung.li In the preliminary deliberations on the Coat of Arms Act of 1957, the question of whether the national colours blue-red should be changed to gold-red was discussed in detail. [...] The Coat of Arms Act of 1957 ultimately brought no change to the national colours
Unofficial translation by WorldometerSources:- gesetze.li ↗ - the Legal Service of the Government of the Principality of Liechtenstein (RDR)
- bua.regierung.li ↗
- National anthem
- Oben am jungen Rhein1:24
- Title (in German)
- Oben am jungen Rhein
- Title (in English, translated)
- High Above the Young Rhine
- Lyrics
1Oben am jungen Rhein Lehnet sich Liechtenstein An Alpenhöh’n. Dies liebe Heimatland, Das teure Vaterland, Hat Gottes weiser Hand Für uns erseh’n. Dies liebe Heimatland, Das teure Vaterland, Hat Gottes weiser Hand Für uns erseh’n.
2Hoch lebe Liechtenstein, Blühend am jungen Rhein, Glücklich und treu. Hoch leb’der Fürst vom Land, Hoch unser Vaterland, Durch Buderliebe-Band Vereint und frei. Hoch leb’der Fürst vom Land, Hoch unser Vaterland, Durch Buderliebe-Band Vereint und frei.
Source: - Citizens
- Liechtensteiners
- Official name:Constitution of the Principality of Liechtenstein of 5 October 1921 - Liechtenstein Legal Gazette - Year 1921 No. 15 issued on 24 October 1921 ↗ - Government of the Principality of Liechtenstein
- Official name, Citizens:The World Factbook: Liechtenstein - CIA
- National flag:gesetze.li ↗ - the Legal Service of the Government of the Principality of Liechtenstein (RDR)
- National flag:bua.regierung.li ↗
- National anthem:nationalanthems.info ↗
Geography
- Location
- Central Europe, between Austria and Switzerland
- Total area
- 160 km²
- Land area
- 160 km²
- Water area
- 0.00 km²
- Land borders
- 75 km(2 countries)
- Switzerland
- 41 km
- Austria
- 34 km
Source:- The World Factbook: Liechtenstein - CIA
- Coastline
- 0 km(Doubly landlocked)
- Terrain
Mostly mountainous (Alps) with Rhine Valley in western third - Highest point
- 2,599 mVorder-Grauspitz
- Lowest point
- 430 mRuggeller Riet
- Climate
Continental cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow or rain; cool to moderately warm, cloudy, humid summers - Avg. temperature
- 6.2 °C
- Avg. daily range
- 1.8 to 10.6 °C
- Annual precipitation
- 1,901 mm
Temperature °CMeanDaily rangePrecipitation mmMonthly climate normals Month Avg. high, °C Mean, °C Avg. low, °C Precipitation, mm January 0.7 −3.4 −7.1 116 February 2.2 −2.1 −6.4 110 March 6.2 1.8 −2.6 133 April 10.2 5.5 0.6 134 May 14.8 10.1 5 196 June 18.2 13.6 8.6 224 July 20 15.2 10.2 217 August 19.8 14.9 10.2 227 September 15.8 11.1 6.8 160 October 11.7 7.3 3.4 127 November 5.6 1.8 −1.9 129 December 1.2 −2.5 −6.1 130 Country-wide averages over 1991–2020.
Sources:- The World Factbook: Liechtenstein - CIA
- Climate Change Knowledge Portal (ERA5 reanalysis) ↗ - World Bank
- Weather
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- Land use2023
- Arable10.8%Pasture21.5%Forest36.3%Other31.4%
- Arable land
- 1,730 hectares (10.8%)
- Permanent meadows & pastures
- 3,440 hectares (21.5%)
- Forest
- 5,808 hectares (36.3%)
- Other land
- 5,022 hectares (31.4%)
Source: - Natural hazards2026
- Earthquakes5.0High#72/191River floods3.6Low#125/191Epidemics0.9Very low#191/191Tsunamis0.0Very lowTropical cyclones0.0Very lowCoastal floods0.0Very lowDrought0.0Very low
Scores out of 10, ranks out of 191 countries.
Source:- INFORM Risk Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
- Location, Land borders, Coastline, Terrain, Highest point, Lowest point, Climate:The World Factbook: Liechtenstein - CIA
- Climate:Climate Change Knowledge Portal (ERA5 reanalysis) ↗ - World Bank
- Land use:FAOSTAT Land Use domain ↗ - FAO
- Natural hazards:INFORM Risk Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
Demographics
- Population change2026
- +0.60% per year+240 people/yearWorld Rank128thof 237
- Birth rate
- 9.2 per 1,000 population
- Death rate
- 8.1 per 1,000 population
- Net migration rate
- +4.8 per 1,000 population
- 2026
- 44.7 yearsWorld Rank25thof 237
- Age structure2026
- 0-14 years14.2%15-64 years63.8%65 years +22.0%
- Share aged 65 and over
- 22.0%
- Share aged under 18
- 17.1%
- Total dependency ratio
- 57
- Youth dependency ratio
- 22
- Elderly dependency ratio
- 35
- Sex ratio
- 0.99 male / female
MaleAgeFemalePopulation by age group, % of total population Age Male Female 80+ 2.3% 3.3% 70-79 4.7% 5.0% 60-69 7.1% 7.4% 50-59 7.3% 7.5% 40-49 6.4% 6.3% 30-39 6.2% 6.1% 20-29 5.6% 5.6% 10-19 5.2% 4.5% 0-9 5.0% 4.5% - 2026
- 0.66 below the replacement level for Liechtenstein ()1.54 births per womanreplacement 2.20123World Rank156thof 237
- 0.70 daughters per woman0.30 below replacement, long-run each generation smaller than the lastreplacement 1.000.511.5
- 2026
- +1.0 per 1,000 populationfor every 1,000 people, 1.0 more births than deaths a year
- 2026
- +4.8 per 1,000 population
- Urbanization2026
- 14.6% live in cities5,892 urban residents
- Largest communes2025
- Schaan, Vaduz, Triesen, BalzersRankCommunePopulation (2025 estimate)1Schaan6,2972Vaduz6,1093Triesen5,7864Balzers4,8365Eschen4,7816Mauren4,6687Triesenberg2,7438Ruggell2,5669Gamprin1,77210Schellenberg1,180Source:
- Office of Statistics, Liechtenstein (2025 estimate), via City Population by Thomas Brinkhoff ↗
- Population distribution
- Most of the population is found in the western half of the country along the Rhine River.
- Ethnic groups2021
- Figures count nationality, not ethnicity.Liechtensteiner65.6%Swiss9.6%Austrian5.8%German4.5%Italian3.1%Other11.4%
- Religions2015
- Roman Catholic73.4%Protestant Reformed6.3%Muslim5.9%Christian Orthodox1.3%Lutheran1.2%Other Protestant0.7%Other Christian0.3%Other0.8%None7.0%Unspecified3.3%
Roman Catholicism is the official religion.
Source:- The World Factbook: Liechtenstein - CIA
- Languages
- German (Deutsch)
- Population, Population change, Median age, Age structure, Total fertility rate, Net reproduction rate, Natural change, Net migration rate:UN World Population Prospects ↗
- Urbanization:UN World Urbanization Prospects ↗
- Largest cities:Office of Statistics, Liechtenstein (2025 estimate), via City Population by Thomas Brinkhoff ↗
- Population distribution, Ethnic groups, Religions:The World Factbook: Liechtenstein - CIA
Government & Administration
- Form of state
- Constitutional monarchyThe Prince Regnant is head of State, with succession regulated by a law of the Princely House; the Constitution calls the Principality "a constitutional hereditary monarchy on a democratic and parliamentary basis", with State power held by the Prince and the People (Arts. 2, 3).
- System of government
- ParliamentaryThe Prince appoints the Head of Government and Councillors in agreement with the Landtag (parliament) and on its proposal; the Government's authority lapses if it loses the confidence of the Prince or the Landtag, and the Prince may dissolve the Landtag (Arts. 48, 79, 80).
- Territorial organisation
- Unitary
- Official websites
- Capital
- Vaduz5,833 people(2023)
- National holidays
- 17 days in 2026
- ThuJan 1New Year's Day
- TueJan 6Epiphany
- MonFeb 2Candlemas
- ThuMar 19Saint Joseph's Day
- SunApr 5Easter Sunday
- MonApr 6Easter Monday
- FriMay 1Labor Day
- ThuMay 14Ascension Day
- SunMay 24Pentecost
- MonMay 25Pentecost Monday
- ThuJun 4Corpus Christi
- SatAug 15National Day
- TueSep 8Nativity of Mary
- SunNov 1All Saints' Day
- TueDec 8Immaculate Conception
- FriDec 25Christmas Day
- SatDec 26Saint Stephen's Day
Nationwide public holidays only, excluding regional, bank and government-only days.
- Time
- Currency
- Swiss Franc (CHF)
- Entry requirements
- Official visa and entry information
- Calling code
- +423
- Internet TLD
- .li
- ISO 3166-1 codes
- LI, LIE
- Infrastructure
- Note
- belongs to the Austrian Railway System connecting Austria and Switzerland
Source:- The World Factbook: Liechtenstein - CIA
- Form of state, System of government, Territorial organisation:Verfassung des Fürstentums Liechtenstein vom 5. Oktober 1921 (LGBl. 1921 Nr. 15; LR 101), konsolidierte Fassung ↗ - Government of the Principality of Liechtenstein
- National holidays:Open World Holidays Framework (vacanza/holidays) ↗
- Infrastructure:The World Factbook: Liechtenstein - CIA
Economy
- High income
- GDP growth (real)2026
- +1% per yearWorld Rank167thof 195
- GDP per capita (PPP)2026
- GDP per capita (nominal)
- $230,417 (1st in the world)
Source:- 2023
- Services57.4% of GDPIndustry39.1% of GDPAgriculture0.2% of GDPManufacturing34.2%part of industryThe shape of the economySource:
- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Inflation2026
- 0.7%up 0.5 percentage points0.5pp from 2025
- Budget balance2026
- 3% of GDP surplus
- Current account
- 16.6% of GDP, $1.6 billion surplus
Source: - Trade
- 1small specialty machinery
- 2connectors for audio and video
- 3parts for motor vehicles
- 4dental products
- 5hardware
Source:- The World Factbook: Liechtenstein - CIA
- Industries
- electronics, metal manufacturing, dental products, ceramics, pharmaceuticals, food products, precision instruments, tourism, optical instruments
- Income level, GDP by sector:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- GDP (nominal), GDP growth (real), GDP per capita (PPP), Inflation, Budget balance:IMF World Economic Outlook ↗
- Trade, Industries:The World Factbook: Liechtenstein - CIA
Cost of Living
- Cost of living index
- Loading
- Monthly costs (excluding rent)
- Loading
- Rent
- Loading
- Buying an apartment
- Loading
- Average gross salary2018
- CHF 6,675 per month$6,826 (USD)
- Men
- CHF 6,078 per month($6,215)
- Women
- CHF 7,125 per month($7,286)
Source:- ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
- Average gross salary:ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
Society
- 2023
- 0.938Very highWorld Rank17thof 193LiechtensteinWorld
Human Development Index by year Year Liechtenstein World 2000 0.882 0.651 2001 0.888 0.657 2002 0.893 0.662 2003 0.897 0.669 2004 0.904 0.675 2005 0.903 0.681 2006 0.908 0.688 2007 0.909 0.694 2008 0.912 0.698 2009 0.913 0.701 2010 0.914 0.707 2011 0.919 0.713 2012 0.919 0.717 2013 0.920 0.721 2014 0.923 0.726 2015 0.925 0.731 2016 0.926 0.735 2017 0.929 0.739 2018 0.928 0.741 2019 0.935 0.745 2020 0.929 0.742 2021 0.933 0.742 2022 0.936 0.752 2023 0.938 0.756 Source:- Human Development Report ↗ - United Nations Development Programme
- Mean years of schooling2023
- 12.4 years
- Expected for a child today
- 15.4 years
Source:- Human Development Report ↗ - United Nations Development Programme
- Education expenditure2011latest available
- 2.6% of GDP
- Internet users2024
- 98.3% of the population
- Households with Internet access
- 98.2%
Source:- ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Mobile subscriptions2024
- 51,393
- Fixed telephone lines
- 9,892
- Fixed broadband
- 50 subscriptions per 100 people
Counts subscriptions, not people.
Source:- ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Refugees hosted2025
- 874 people
- Asylum seekers
- 15
Source:- Refugee Data Finder ↗ - UN Refugee Agency
- 2024
- Official tourism site117,789 arrivalsup 20% against 201920% above 2019World Rank124thof 139
- Per resident
- 3 arrivals per resident
- 2,798 overnight trips by residents
- Hotel beds
- 1,251
- Average hotel stay
- 1.9 nights
Overnight arrivals by year2010 to 2024A tourist stays at least one night. Arrivals count trips, not people.
Source:- UN Tourism Data Dashboard ↗ - UN Tourism
- Human Development Index, Mean years of schooling:Human Development Report ↗ - United Nations Development Programme
- Education expenditure:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Internet users, Mobile subscriptions:ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Refugees hosted:Refugee Data Finder ↗ - UN Refugee Agency
- Inbound tourists:UN Tourism Data Dashboard ↗ - UN Tourism
Crime & Safety
- Travel advisory (US)
- Loading
- Active humanitarian crisisAug 2026
- None - no active crisis
- Homicide rate2024
- 2.5 per 100,000 peopleLow by global standards
- Crime rates
- 7 offence categories
Offence Per 100,000 Count Year Homicide (victims) 2.5 1 2024 Serious assault 234.9 93 2023 Sexual violence 50.5 20 2023 Kidnapping 0.0 0 2023 Burglary 351.0 138 2022 Theft 646.0 254 2022 Vehicle theft 35.6 14 2022 A low figure can also mean weak recording.
Source:- UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
- Prison population2023
- 121.2 per 100,000 people
- Persons held
- 48
Source:- UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
- Active humanitarian crisis:INFORM Severity Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
- Homicide rate, Crime rates, Prison population:UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
Health
- Life expectancy2026
- 84.1 years
- Health expenditure2023
- 5.7% of GDP$11,495 per person
- Infant mortality2026
- 5.3 per 1,000 live births
- Life expectancy, Infant mortality:UN World Population Prospects ↗
- Health expenditure:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
Environment
- 2024
- 10.3 µg/m³ of PM2.50.5 years of life expectancy lost against the WHO guidelineMost polluted133rdof 236
- WHO guideline
- 5 µg/m³
Source:- Air Quality Life Index ↗ - Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago
- Environmental issues
- some air pollution generated locally, some carried over from surrounding countries
- International agreements
- 14 of 20 landmark treaties in forceParty to 57 multilateral environmental agreements
Treaty Standing Joined Climate Paris Agreement in force 2017 UN Framework Convention on Climate Change in force 1994 Kyoto Protocol in force 2005 Ozone layer Montreal Protocol in force 1989 Vienna Convention (Ozone Layer) in force 1989 Biodiversity Convention on Biological Diversity in force 1998 CITES in force 1980 Convention on Migratory Species (Bonn) in force 1997 Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety not a party Nagoya Protocol not a party Land and heritage Ramsar Convention on Wetlands in force 1991 World Heritage Convention not a party UN Convention to Combat Desertification in force 2000 Chemicals and waste Basel Convention in force 1992 Rotterdam Convention (PIC) in force 2004 Stockholm Convention (POPs) in force 2005 Minamata Convention on Mercury in force 2017 Oceans UN Convention on the Law of the Sea signed 1984, not ratified High Seas Treaty (BBNJ) not a party MARPOL 73/78 not a party Source:- International Environmental Agreements Database ↗ - Université Laval
- Air pollution:Air Quality Life Index ↗ - Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago
- Environmental issues:The World Factbook: Liechtenstein - CIA
- International agreements:International Environmental Agreements Database ↗ - Université Laval
Food & Water
Energy
Defense
- Nuclear weapons2026
- None - no nuclear arsenal
- Nuclear weapons:Status of World Nuclear Forces ↗ - Federation of American Scientists
