Madagascar Demographics

Population of Madagascar (2026)

View live population, charts & trends: Population of Madagascar

Madagascar Population
33,522,052
see live
Yearly Change
+2.39%
Global Share
0.40%
Global Rank
49

Median Age

The median age in Madagascar is 19.4 years (2026).

Fertility in Madagascar

A Total Fertility Rate (TFR) of 2.1 represents the Replacement-Level Fertility : the average number of children per woman needed for each generation to exactly replace itself without needing international immigration. A value below 2.1 will cause the native population to decline


Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
3.78
(Live Births per Woman, 2026)

Life Expectancy in Madagascar

See also: Countries in the world ranked by Life Expectancy

Both Sexes
64.3
(life expectancy at birth, both sexes combined)
Females
66.1
(life expectancy at birth, females)
Males
62.5
(life expectancy at birth, males)


Infant Mortality Rate and Deaths of Children under 5 Years Old in Madagascar


Infant Mortality
42.6
(infant deaths per 1,000 live births)
Deaths under age 5
62.0
(per 1,000 live births)


Madagascar Urban Population

Currently, 33.4% of the population of Madagascar is urban (11,190,629 people in 2026)


Population Density

The 2026 population density in Madagascar is 58 people per km² (149 people per mi2), calculated on a total land area of 581,540 km² (224,534 sq. miles).

Largest Cities and Urban Communes in Madagascar

The 30 largest of 76 cities and urban communes, ranked by population at the census of June 1, 2018 (by National Institute of Statistics, Madagascar).

RankCity or Urban CommunePopulation
1Antananarivo1,274,225
2Toamasina325,857
3Antsirabe246,354
4Mahajanga246,022
5Fianarantsoa191,776
6Toliara168,756
7Antsiranana129,320
8Sambava84,039
9Imerintsiatosika69,953
10Antalaha67,888
11Fort-Dauphin67,284
12Ambovombe65,402
13Ambilobe62,346
14Ambanja60,321
15Moramanga57,084
16Morondava53,510
17Andoany50,251
18Ambatondrazaka47,649
19Amboasary45,989
20Tsiroanomandidy44,461
21Manakara44,237
22Ambalavao43,231
23Maroantsetra42,529
24Fenoarivo Atsinanana41,734
25Ambositra41,078
26Soavinandriana40,045
27Ihosy39,556
28Marovoay39,290
29Vangaindrano38,537
30Antsohihy38,253
See all 76 cities and urban communes in Madagascar

See also

Sources

Definitions

Population Pyramid

A Population pyramid (also called "Age-Sex Pyramid") is a graphical representation of the age and sex of a population.

Types:

  • Expansive - pyramid with a wide base (larger percentage of people in younger age groups, indicating high birth rates and high fertility rates) and narrow top (high death rate and lower life expectancies). It suggests a growing population. Example: Nigeria Population Pyramid
  • Constrictive - pyramid with a narrow base (lower percentage of younger people, indicating declining birth rates with each succeeding age group getting smaller than the previous one). Example: United States
  • Stationary - with a somewhat equal proportion of the population in each age group. The population is stable, neither increasing nor decreasing.

Stages:

Population pyramid stages

Dependency Ratio

There are three types of age dependency ratio: Youth, Elderly, and Total. All three ratios are commonly multiplied by 100.

Youth Dependency Ratio

Definition: population ages 0-15 divided by the population ages 16-64.

Formula: ([Population ages 0-15] ÷ [Population ages 16-64]) × 100

Elderly dependency ratio

Definition: population ages 65-plus divided by the population ages 16-64.

Formula: ([Population ages 65-plus] ÷ [Population ages 16-64]) × 100

Total dependency ratio

Definition: sum of the youth and old-age ratios.

Formula: (([Population ages 0-15] + [Population ages 65-plus]) ÷ [Population ages 16-64] ) × 100

NOTE: Dependency Ratio does not take into account labor force participation rates by age group. Some portion of the population counted as "working age" may actually be unemployed or not in the labor force whereas some portion of the "dependent" population may be employed and not necessarily economically dependent.