National Identity
- Official name
- Republic of Nauru
- Official name (in Nauruan)
- Ripublik Naoero
- Name etymology
the island name may derive from the Nauruan word "anaoero" meaning "I go to the beach"; the former name, Pleasant Island, came from British navigator John Frean, who visited in 1798
Sources:- Parliament of Nauru - The Constitution of Nauru ↗ - The Government of the Republic of Nauru
- The World Factbook: Nauru - CIA
- National emblem
- National flag
As published by the Department of Justice and Border Control of Nauru The rectangular flag is divided into three portions horizontally; the top portion is blue; the middle portion is yellow; the bottom portion is blue and a large white 12-pointed star below the yellow stripe on the hoist side. The top and bottom portions are in equal portions.
As published in EnglishAs published by the Department of Justice and Border Control of Nauru The blue represents the Pacific Ocean, the white star indicates the country's location in relation to the equator, the 12 points symbolise the 12 original tribes of Naoero and the horizontal yellow stripe represents the equator.
As published in EnglishSource:- ronlaw.gov.nr ↗ - the Department of Justice and Border Control of Nauru
- National anthem
- Song of Nauru1:19
- Title (in English)
- Song of Nauru
- Title (in Nauruan)
- Nauru Bwiema
- Title (in English, translated)
- Nauru, Our Homeland
- Lyrics
Nauru bwiema, ngabena ma auwe. Ma dedaro bwe dogum, mo otata bet egom. Atsin ngago bwien okor, ama bagadugu Epoa ngabuna ri nan orre bet imur. Ama memag ma nan epodan eredu won engiden, Miyan aema ngeiyin ouge, Nauru eko dogin!
- Citizens
- Nauruans
- Official name:Parliament of Nauru - The Constitution of Nauru ↗ - The Government of the Republic of Nauru
- Official name, Citizens:The World Factbook: Nauru - CIA
- National flag:ronlaw.gov.nr ↗ - the Department of Justice and Border Control of Nauru
- National anthem:nationalanthems.info ↗
- National anthem:Recording credit
Geography
- Location
- Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, south of the Marshall Islands
- Total area
- 21 km²
- Land area
- 21 km²
- Water area
- 0.00 km²
- Land borders
- None
- Coastline
- 30 km
- Terrain
Sandy beach rises to fertile ring around raised coral reefs with phosphate plateau in center - Highest point
- 70 mCommand Ridge
- Lowest point
- 0 mPacific Ocean
- Climate
Tropical with a monsoonal pattern; rainy season (November to February) - Avg. temperature
- 27.3 °C
- Avg. daily range
- 26.5 to 28 °C
- Annual precipitation
- 2,015 mm
Temperature °CMeanDaily rangePrecipitation mmMonthly climate normals Month Avg. high, °C Mean, °C Avg. low, °C Precipitation, mm January 28 27.3 26.6 202 February 27.9 27.3 26.5 140 March 27.9 27.2 26.5 216 April 28 27.2 26.4 212 May 28.2 27.5 26.7 149 June 28.2 27.5 26.7 149 July 28 27.2 26.4 156 August 28 27.2 26.4 147 September 28 27.3 26.5 131 October 28.1 27.4 26.6 127 November 28.1 27.5 26.7 140 December 28.1 27.4 26.6 247 Country-wide averages over 1991–2020.
Sources:- The World Factbook: Nauru - CIA
- Climate Change Knowledge Portal (ERA5 reanalysis) ↗ - World Bank
- Weather
- Loading
- Land use2023
- Perm. crops20.0%Other80.0%
- Permanent crops
- 400 hectares (20.0%)
- Other land
- 1,600 hectares (80.0%)
Source: - Natural hazards2026
- Tsunamis6.0High#36/191Epidemics3.1Low#156/191Earthquakes0.1Very low#127/191River floods0.0Very lowTropical cyclones0.0Very lowCoastal floods0.0Very lowDrought0.0Very low
Scores out of 10, ranks out of 191 countries.
Source:- INFORM Risk Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
- Location, Land borders, Coastline, Terrain, Highest point, Lowest point, Climate:The World Factbook: Nauru - CIA
- Climate:Climate Change Knowledge Portal (ERA5 reanalysis) ↗ - World Bank
- Land use:FAOSTAT Land Use domain ↗ - FAO
- Natural hazards:INFORM Risk Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
Demographics
- Population change2026
- +0.63% per year+76 people/yearWorld Rank124thof 237
- Birth rate
- 23.6 per 1,000 population
- Death rate
- 7.7 per 1,000 population
- Net migration rate
- −9.2 per 1,000 population
- 2026
- 20.2 yearsWorld Rank199thof 237
- Age structure2026
- 0-14 years36.4%15-64 years60.4%65 years +3.2%
- Share aged 65 and over
- 3.2%
- Share aged under 18
- 43.7%
- Total dependency ratio
- 66
- Youth dependency ratio
- 60
- Elderly dependency ratio
- 5
- Sex ratio
- 1.03 male / female
MaleAgeFemalePopulation by age group, % of total population Age Male Female 80+ 0.1% 0.1% 70-79 0.5% 0.9% 60-69 1.8% 2.4% 50-59 3.1% 3.1% 40-49 6.0% 5.8% 30-39 7.5% 6.8% 20-29 7.3% 7.0% 10-19 12.6% 11.5% 0-9 12.1% 11.6% - 2026
- 0.90 above the replacement level for Nauru ()3.20 births per womanreplacement 2.301234World Rank49thof 237
- 1.42 daughters per woman0.42 above replacement, long-run each generation larger than the lastreplacement 1.000.511.5
- 2026
- +15.9 per 1,000 populationfor every 1,000 people, 15.9 more births than deaths a year
- 2026
- −9.2 per 1,000 population
- Urbanization2026
- 100.0% live in cities12,101 urban residents
- Largest places2021
- NPC SettlementRankPlacePopulation (2021 census)1NPC Settlement1,526Source:
- Nauru Bureau of Statistics (2021 census), via City Population by Thomas Brinkhoff ↗
- Population distribution
- Most people live in the fertile coastal areas, especially along the southwest coast.
- Ethnic groups2021
- Nauruan94.6%I-Kiribati2.2%Fijian1.3%Other1.9%
- Religions2021
- Protestant60.4%Roman Catholic33.9%Other4.2%None1.3%Unspecified0.3%
- Protestant
- 60.4%
- Nauruan Congregational
- 34.7%
- Assemblies of God
- 11.6%
- Pacific Light House
- 6.3%
- Nauru Independent
- 3.6%
- Baptist
- 1.5%
- Seventh Day Adventist
- 1.3%
- Other Protestant
- 1.4%
Source:- The World Factbook: Nauru - CIA
- Languages
- Nauruan (Dorerin Naoero), English
- Population, Population change, Median age, Age structure, Total fertility rate, Net reproduction rate, Natural change, Net migration rate:UN World Population Prospects ↗
- Urbanization:UN World Urbanization Prospects ↗
- Largest cities:Nauru Bureau of Statistics (2021 census), via City Population by Thomas Brinkhoff ↗
- Population distribution, Ethnic groups, Religions:The World Factbook: Nauru - CIA
Government & Administration
- Form of state
- RepublicThe President is head of state, elected by Parliament from among its members; the Constitution calls the state "Naoero", an independent Republic (Arts. 1, 16).
- System of government
- ParliamentaryThe President heads a Cabinet of ministers drawn from Parliament; the Cabinet is collectively responsible to Parliament, and a no-confidence resolution by half its members removes the President and ministers (Arts. 17, 18, 19, 24).Source:
- Territorial organisation
- Unitary
- Official websites
- Capital
- Yaren803 people(2021)
- National holidays
- 19 days in 2026
- ThuJan 1New Year's Day
- SatJan 31Independence Day
- SunFeb 1Day following Independence Day
- MonFeb 2Independence Day (observed)
- TueFeb 3Day following Independence Day (observed)
- SunMar 8International Women's Day
- MonMar 9International Women's Day (observed)
- FriApr 3Good Friday
- MonApr 6Easter Monday
- TueApr 7Easter Tuesday
- SunMay 17Constitution Day
- MonMay 18Constitution Day (observed)
- WedJul 1RONPHOS Handover
- WedAug 19Ibumin Earoeni Day
- FriSep 25Sir Hammer DeRoburt Day
- MonOct 26Angam Day
- FriDec 25Christmas Day
- SatDec 26Day following Christmas
- MonDec 28Day following Christmas (observed)
Nationwide public holidays only, excluding regional, bank and government-only days.
- Time
- NRTNauru TimeUTC+12
- Currency
- Australian Dollar (AUD)
- Calling code
- +674
- Internet TLD
- .nr
- ISO 3166-1 codes
- NR, NRU
- Infrastructure
- Passengers carried
- 39,104 by the country's airlines(2023)
- Aircraft departures
- 947 by the country's airlines(2023)
- Air freight
- 2.9 million tonne-km(2023)
- Aircraft registration prefix
- C2
Sources:- The World Factbook: Nauru - CIA
- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Flag carrier
- Nauru AirlinesState-owned
- Form of state, System of government, Territorial organisation:Constitution of Naoero 1968, consolidated text, Laws of the Republic of Naoero, Service 6 ↗ - Government of the Republic of Nauru
- National holidays:Open World Holidays Framework (vacanza/holidays) ↗
- Infrastructure:The World Factbook: Nauru - CIA
- Infrastructure:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
Economy
- High income
- GDP growth (real)2026
- +2.1% per yearWorld Rank126thof 195
- GDP per capita (PPP)2026
- GDP per capita (nominal)
- $16,076 (74th in the world)
Source:- Inflation2026
- 5.7%down 0.5 percentage points0.5pp from 2025
- Budget balance2026
- 14.5% of GDP surplus
- Current account
- 2.2% of GDP, $4 million surplus
Source: - Debt2024
- Government debt17.6% of GDP
- Trade2024
- Goods$25.5 million28.3%
- Services$64.6 million71.7%
- Total exports
- $90.1 million
- Change from 2023
- up 38.7 percent on the previous year38.7%
Sources:- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- The World Factbook: Nauru - CIA
- Agricultural products2024
- Coconuts (in shell), Meat of pig with the bone (fresh or chilled)
- 1Coconuts (in shell)140.1×
- 2Meat of pig with the bone (fresh or chilled)2.3×
ProductSource:- FAOSTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Industries
- phosphate mining, offshore banking, coconut products
- Income level, Trade:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- GDP (nominal), GDP growth (real), GDP per capita (PPP), Inflation, Budget balance:IMF World Economic Outlook ↗
- Debt:IMF Global Debt Database ↗
- Trade, Industries:The World Factbook: Nauru - CIA
- Agricultural products:FAOSTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
Cost of Living
Society
- 2023
- 0.703HighWorld Rank124thof 193NauruWorld
Human Development Index by year Year Nauru World 2005 0.589 0.681 2006 0.565 0.688 2007 0.581 0.694 2008 0.614 0.698 2009 0.607 0.701 2010 0.616 0.707 2011 0.624 0.713 2012 0.633 0.717 2013 0.640 0.721 2014 0.655 0.726 2015 0.660 0.731 2016 0.670 0.735 2017 0.670 0.739 2018 0.668 0.741 2019 0.678 0.745 2020 0.684 0.742 2021 0.692 0.742 2022 0.700 0.752 2023 0.703 0.756 Source:- Human Development Report ↗ - United Nations Development Programme
- 2012latest available
- 32.4
- Mean years of schooling2023
- 9.4 years
- Expected for a child today
- 12.8 years
Source:- Human Development Report ↗ - United Nations Development Programme
- Literacy2023
- 96.6% of adults
- Education expenditure2023
- 5.8% of GDP
- Share of government spending
- 4.9%
Source:- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Internet users2022
- 83.2% of the population
- Households with Internet access
- 76.5%
Source:- ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Mobile subscriptions2022
- 10,287
- Fixed telephone lines
- 0
- Fixed broadband
- 10 subscriptions per 100 people
Counts subscriptions, not people.
Source:- ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Refugees hosted2025
- 5 people
- Asylum seekers
- 91
- Refugees from Nauru abroad
- 5
Source:- Refugee Data Finder ↗ - UN Refugee Agency
- Human Development Index, Mean years of schooling:Human Development Report ↗ - United Nations Development Programme
- Income inequality (Gini), Education expenditure:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Literacy:UIS Data Browser ↗ - UNESCO Institute for Statistics
- Internet users, Mobile subscriptions:ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Refugees hosted:Refugee Data Finder ↗ - UN Refugee Agency
Crime & Safety
- Travel advisory (US)
- Loading
- Active humanitarian crisisAug 2026
- None - no active crisis
- Prison population2023
- 320 per 100,000 people
- Persons held
- 38
Source:- UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
- Active humanitarian crisis:INFORM Severity Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
- Prison population:UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
Health
- Life expectancy2026
- 62.6 years
- Health expenditure2023
- 18.2% of GDP$2,292 per person
- Physicians2015
- 1.27 per 1,000 population
- Hospital beds2010latest available
- 5 per 1,000 population
- Infant mortality2026
- 19.5 per 1,000 live births
- Maternal mortality2023
- 273 per 100,000 live births
- Alcohol consumption2022
- 3 litres of pure alcohol per adult per year
- Tobacco use2023
- 35.8% of adults
- Men
- 29.8%
- Women
- 41.7%
Source:- Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Life expectancy, Infant mortality:UN World Population Prospects ↗
- Health expenditure, Physicians, Hospital beds:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Maternal mortality:Maternal mortality estimates ↗ - UN Maternal Mortality Estimation Inter-agency Group
- Alcohol consumption, Tobacco use:Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
Environment
- 2024
- 1.3 µg/m³ of PM2.5Most polluted225thof 236
- WHO guideline
- 5 µg/m³
Source:- Air Quality Life Index ↗ - Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago
- Environmental issues
- limited natural freshwater resources
- effects of intensive phosphate mining that left the central 90% of Nauru a wasteland
- air and water pollution from cadmium residue, phosphate dust, and other contaminants
- rising sea levels
Source:- The World Factbook: Nauru - CIA
- International agreements
- 12 of 20 landmark treaties in forceParty to 53 multilateral environmental agreements
Treaty Standing Joined Climate Paris Agreement in force 2016 UN Framework Convention on Climate Change in force 1994 Kyoto Protocol in force 2005 Ozone layer Montreal Protocol in force 2002 Vienna Convention (Ozone Layer) in force 2002 Biodiversity Convention on Biological Diversity in force 1994 CITES not a party Convention on Migratory Species (Bonn) not a party Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety in force 2003 Nagoya Protocol not a party Land and heritage Ramsar Convention on Wetlands not a party World Heritage Convention in force 2024 UN Convention to Combat Desertification in force 1998 Chemicals and waste Basel Convention in force 2002 Rotterdam Convention (PIC) not a party Stockholm Convention (POPs) in force 2004 Minamata Convention on Mercury not a party Oceans UN Convention on the Law of the Sea in force 1996 High Seas Treaty (BBNJ) signed 2023, not ratified MARPOL 73/78 not a party Source:- International Environmental Agreements Database ↗ - Université Laval
- Air pollution:Air Quality Life Index ↗ - Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago
- Environmental issues:The World Factbook: Nauru - CIA
- International agreements:International Environmental Agreements Database ↗ - Université Laval
Food & Water
- No access to safe drinking water2022
- 3.5% of the population
- Renewable water2022
- 0 billion m³ per year
- Per person
- 847 m³ per year
- Dependency ratio
- 0% originates outside the country
Source:- AQUASTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Obesity2024
- 71.4% of adults
- Men
- 71.4%
- Women
- 71.4%
Source:- Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Underweight children2023
- 3.8% of children under five
- No access to safe drinking water, Renewable water:AQUASTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Obesity:Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Underweight children:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
Energy
- Energy consumption2024
- Per capita
- 115.5 GJ per person
- Share of world total
- < 0.01%
- Supply
- No meaningful productionproduces under 2% of what it consumes, 2024
Source:- International Energy Statistics ↗ - U.S. Energy Information Administration
- Electricity2024
- No electricity trade0 TWh generated per year
- Generation
- 0 TWh per year
- Consumption
- 0 TWh per year
Source:- International Energy Statistics ↗ - U.S. Energy Information Administration
- Oil, gas & coal
- No domestic productionconsumes 602 b/d in 2024Consumption2024602 b/d
Oil imports and exports count crude oil only.
- Energy consumption, Electricity, Oil, gas & coal:International Energy Statistics ↗ - U.S. Energy Information Administration
Defense
- Nuclear weapons2026
- None - no nuclear arsenal
- Nuclear weapons:Status of World Nuclear Forces ↗ - Federation of American Scientists
