National Identity
- Official name
- Jamaica
- Name etymology
from the Arawak word xaymaca, meaning "Land of Wood and Water" or possibly "Land of Springs"
Sources:- The Constitution of Jamaica ↗ - Ministry of Justice - Laws of Jamaica
- The World Factbook: Jamaica - CIA
- Coat of arms
- National flag
As published by the National Library of Jamaica The Flag has a diagonal cross or saltire with four triangles in juxtaposition. The diagonal cross is GOLD and one-sixth of the length of the fly of the flag; the top and bottom triangles are in GREEN; and the hoist and fly triangles are in BLACK.
As published in EnglishAs published by the National Library of Jamaica The Flag follows the “Admiralty Pattern” and the proportion is 2 x 1.
As published in EnglishAs published by The Jamaica Information Service “The sun shineth, the land is green and the people are strong and creative” is the symbolism of the colours of the flag. Black depicts the strength and creativity of the people; Gold, the natural beauty of the sunlight and the wealth of the country; and Green signifies hope and agricultural resources.
As published in EnglishAs published by the National Library of Jamaica At the end of September 1961, the decision was made to hold competitions for the selection of a National Anthem and National Flag for Independent Jamaica. An award of £100 would be paid for the accepted design for a National flag. Over 368 entries were received.
As published in EnglishAs published by the National Library of Jamaica However, none of the entries were found to be suitable and the flag was eventually designed by a bipartisan committee of the Jamaican House of Representatives.
A design was approved which featured horizontal stripes but this was later found to be too close in resemblance to the flag of the recently independent Tanganyika (now part of Tanzania). The design was modified to the now familiar black, green, and gold. [...] The National Flag came into use on 6 August 1962, Jamaica’s Independence Day.
As published in EnglishAs published by the National Library of Jamaica The original association of black with the ‘hardships overcome and to be faced’ by the Jamaican people was eschewed in February 1996 by a committee appointed to review and report on Jamaica’s National Symbols and Observances. [...] the committee opted to adjust the official interpretation for what was seen as a more positive and optimistic view of the colour black in the National Flag.
As published in EnglishSources:- nlj.gov.jm ↗ - the National Library of Jamaica
- jis.gov.jm ↗ - The Jamaica Information Service
- nlj.gov.jm ↗ - the National Library of Jamaica
- National anthem
- Jamaica, Land We Love1:21
- Title
- Jamaica, Land We Love
- Lyrics
- English
1Eternal Father bless our land, Guard us with Thy Mighty Hand, Keep us free from evil powers, Be our light through countless hours. To our Leaders, Great Defender, Grant true wisdom from above.
ChorusJustice, Truth be ours forever, Jamaica, Land we love. Jamaica, Jamaica, Jamaica land we love.
2Teach us true respect for all, Stir response to duty’s call, strengthen us the weak to cherish, Give us vision lest we perish. Knowledge send us Heavenly Father, Grant true wisdom from above.
Justice, Truth be ours forever,Source: - Citizens
- Jamaicans
- Official name:The Constitution of Jamaica ↗ - Ministry of Justice - Laws of Jamaica
- Official name, Citizens:The World Factbook: Jamaica - CIA
- National flag:nlj.gov.jm ↗ - the National Library of Jamaica
- National flag:jis.gov.jm ↗ - The Jamaica Information Service
- National flag:nlj.gov.jm ↗ - the National Library of Jamaica
- National anthem:nationalanthems.info ↗
Geography
- Location
- Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, south of Cuba
- Total area
- 10,991 km²
- Land area
- 10,831 km²
- Water area
- 160 km²
- Land borders
- None
- Coastline
- 1,022 km
- Terrain
Mostly mountains, with narrow, discontinuous coastal plain - Mean elevation
- 18 m
- Highest point
- 2,256 mBlue Mountain Peak
- Lowest point
- 0 mCaribbean Sea
- Climate
Tropical hot, humid; temperate interior - Avg. temperature
- 25.7 °C
- Avg. daily range
- 23.3 to 28.7 °C
- Annual precipitation
- 1,124 mm
Temperature °CMeanDaily rangePrecipitation mmMonthly climate normals Month Avg. high, °C Mean, °C Avg. low, °C Precipitation, mm January 27.1 24.1 21.7 43 February 27.3 24.1 21.6 38 March 27.7 24.5 21.8 55 April 28.4 25.3 22.7 72 May 28.9 25.9 23.6 153 June 29.7 26.8 24.4 95 July 30.5 27.2 24.6 85 August 30.4 27.2 24.7 115 September 29.9 26.8 24.5 157 October 29 26.1 24 161 November 28.2 25.4 23.3 93 December 27.5 24.6 22.4 57 Country-wide averages over 1991–2020.
Sources:- The World Factbook: Jamaica - CIA
- Climate Change Knowledge Portal (ERA5 reanalysis) ↗ - World Bank
- Weather
- Loading
- Land use2023
- Arable11.1%Perm. crops6.3%Pasture21.1%Forest56.2%Other5.3%
- Arable land
- 120,000 hectares (11.1%)
- Permanent crops
- 68,000 hectares (6.3%)
- Permanent meadows & pastures
- 229,000 hectares (21.1%)
- Forest
- 608,538 hectares (56.2%)
- Other land
- 57,462 hectares (5.3%)
Source: - Natural hazards2026
- Tropical cyclones8.2Very high#7/191Earthquakes7.9Very high#30/191Epidemics5.6High#71/191Coastal floods5.4High#52/191Drought2.7Low#114/191River floods0.0Very lowTsunamis0.0Very low
Scores out of 10, ranks out of 191 countries.
Source:- INFORM Risk Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
- Location, Land borders, Coastline, Terrain, Mean elevation, Highest point, Lowest point, Climate:The World Factbook: Jamaica - CIA
- Climate:Climate Change Knowledge Portal (ERA5 reanalysis) ↗ - World Bank
- Land use:FAOSTAT Land Use domain ↗ - FAO
- Natural hazards:INFORM Risk Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
Demographics
- Population change2026
- −0.13% per year−3,673 people/yearWorld Rank186thof 237
- Birth rate
- 11.1 per 1,000 population
- Death rate
- 8.5 per 1,000 population
- Net migration rate
- −4.1 per 1,000 population
- 2026
- 33.3 yearsWorld Rank121stof 237
- Age structure2026
- 0-14 years17.9%15-64 years73.1%65 years +9.0%
- Share aged 65 and over
- 9.0%
- Share aged under 18
- 22.3%
- Total dependency ratio
- 37
- Youth dependency ratio
- 24
- Elderly dependency ratio
- 12
- Sex ratio
- 0.98 male / female
MaleAgeFemalePopulation by age group, % of total population Age Male Female 80+ 0.5% 0.8% 70-79 1.6% 2.2% 60-69 3.9% 4.9% 50-59 5.5% 6.0% 40-49 7.4% 7.3% 30-39 9.0% 8.8% 20-29 8.4% 8.2% 10-19 7.1% 6.8% 0-9 5.8% 5.6% - 2026
- 0.77 below the replacement level for Jamaica ()1.33 births per womanreplacement 2.10123World Rank207thof 237
- 0.64 daughters per woman0.36 below replacement, long-run each generation smaller than the lastreplacement 1.000.511.5
- 2026
- +2.6 per 1,000 populationfor every 1,000 people, 2.6 more births than deaths a year
- 2026
- −4.1 per 1,000 population
- Urbanization2026
- 59.9% live in 1,698,250 urban residents
- Largest urban places2022
- Kingston, Spanish Town, Portmore, Montego BayRankUrban PlacePopulation (2022 census)1Kingston611,1542Spanish Town168,9003Portmore161,4424Montego Bay118,0135May Pen75,4916Mandeville54,0827Old Harbour52,2948Ocho Rios26,5039Savanna-la-Mar22,00410Falmouth21,570Source:
- Statistical Institute of Jamaica (2022 census), via City Population by Thomas Brinkhoff ↗
- Population distribution
- Population density is high throughout, but increases in and around Kingston, Montego Bay, and Port Esquivel.
- Ethnic groups2011
- Black92.1%Mixed6.1%East Indian0.8%Other0.4%Unspecified0.7%
- Religions2011
- Protestant64.8%Roman Catholic2.2%Jehovah's Witness1.9%Rastafarian1.1%Other6.5%None21.3%Unspecified2.3%
- Protestant
- 64.8%
- Seventh Day Adventist
- 12.0%
- Pentecostal
- 11.0%
- Other Church of God
- 9.2%
- New Testament Church of God
- 7.2%
- Baptist
- 6.7%
- Church of God in Jamaica
- 4.8%
- Church of God of Prophecy
- 4.5%
- Anglican
- 2.8%
- United Church
- 2.1%
- Methodist
- 1.6%
- Revived
- 1.4%
- Brethren
- 0.9%
- Moravian
- 0.7%
Source:- The World Factbook: Jamaica - CIA
- Languages
- English
- Population, Population change, Median age, Age structure, Total fertility rate, Net reproduction rate, Natural change, Net migration rate:UN World Population Prospects ↗
- Urbanization:UN World Urbanization Prospects ↗
- Largest cities:Statistical Institute of Jamaica (2022 census), via City Population by Thomas Brinkhoff ↗
- Population distribution, Ethnic groups, Religions:The World Factbook: Jamaica - CIA
Government & Administration
- Form of state
- Constitutional monarchyThe monarch is head of state, represented by a Governor-General who is appointed by and holds office at the monarch's pleasure; executive authority is vested in the monarch (ss. 27, 68).
- System of government
- ParliamentaryThe Governor-General appoints as Prime Minister the member best able to command a House of Representatives majority; the Cabinet is collectively responsible to Parliament, and a majority no-confidence resolution compels dissolution (ss. 64, 69, 70).
- Territorial organisation
- Unitary
- Official websites
- Capital
- Kingston662,491 people(2019)
- National holidays
- 11 days in 2026
- ThuJan 1New Year's Day
- WedFeb 18Ash Wednesday
- FriApr 3Good Friday
- MonApr 6Easter Monday
- SatMay 23National Labour Day
- MonMay 25National Labour Day (observed)
- SatAug 1Emancipation Day
- ThuAug 6Independence Day
- MonOct 19National Heroes Day
- FriDec 25Christmas Day
- SatDec 26Boxing Day
Nationwide public holidays only, excluding regional, bank and government-only days.
- Time
- ESTEastern Standard TimeUTC−5
- Currency
- Jamaican Dollar (JMD)
- Entry requirements
- Official visa and entry information
- Calling code
- +1-876
- Internet TLD
- .jm
- ISO 3166-1 codes
- JM, JAM
- Infrastructure
- Passengers carried
- 180,951 by the country's airlines(2018)
- Heliports
- 2
- Aircraft departures
- 1,215 by the country's airlines(2018)
- Air freight
- 4.6 million tonne-km(2018)
- Aircraft registration prefix
- 6Y
Sources:- The World Factbook: Jamaica - CIA
- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- 2025
- 44 / 100World Rank73rdof 182Confidence interval
Corruption index score by year Year Score Lower bound Upper bound 2012 38 35 42 2013 38 35 41 2014 38 35 41 2015 41 38 44 2016 39 36 42 2017 44 37 51 2018 44 38 50 2019 43 37.1 48.9 2020 44 38.5 49.5 2021 44 38 50 2022 44 38 50 2023 44 39 49 2024 44 39.4 48.6 2025 44 38.1 49.9 Source:- Corruption Perceptions Index 2025 ↗ - Transparency International, CC BY 4.0
- Form of state, System of government, Territorial organisation:The Constitution of Jamaica (Second Schedule to the Jamaica (Constitution) Order in Council 1962, S.I. 1962 No. 1550), consolidated revised edition ↗ - Ministry of Legal and Constitutional Affairs of Jamaica
- National holidays:Open World Holidays Framework (vacanza/holidays) ↗
- Infrastructure:The World Factbook: Jamaica - CIA
- Infrastructure:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Corruption Perceptions Index:Corruption Perceptions Index 2025 ↗ - Transparency International, CC BY 4.0
Economy
- Upper middle income
- GDP growth (real)2026
- 0% per yearWorld Rank181stof 195
- GDP per capita (PPP)2026
- GDP per capita (nominal)
- $8,674 (100th in the world)
Source:- 2025
- Services59.8% of GDPIndustry16.3% of GDPAgriculture8.7% of GDPManufacturing7.7%part of industryThe shape of the economySource:
- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Inflation2026
- 5.9%up 2.1 percentage points2.1pp from 2025
- Labor force2024
- 1.6 million (56% of population)World Rank133rdof 187
- Labor force participation2024
- 69.4% of people aged 15+
- Unemployment2024
- 3.2%
- Youth unemployment2024
- 10.4% ages 15 to 24
- Labor productivity2024
- $8.7 per hour worked at PPP
- Budget balance2026
- 4.9% of GDP deficit
- Current account
- 5.1% of GDP, $1.2 billion deficit
Source: - Debt2024
- Central government debt69.9% of GDPInterest on debt5.1% of GDP
- Trade2024
- Goods$1.9 billion26.2%
- Services$5.3 billion73.8%
- Total exports
- $7.1 billion
- Change from 2023
- down 2.1 percent on the previous year2.1%
Sources:- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- The World Factbook: Jamaica - CIA
- 2024
- −0.35World Rank94thof 145
- Projected GDP growth
- +0.2% a year over the next 10 years
Source:- Atlas of Economic Complexity ↗ - Harvard Growth Lab
- Agricultural products2024
- Raw milk of goats, Pomelos and grapefruits, Coconuts (in shell), and 7 more
- 1Raw milk of goats56.3×
- 2Pomelos and grapefruits26.7×
- 3Coconuts (in shell)12.3×
- 4Yams11.9×
- 5Squash and gourds (including pumpkins)10×
- 6Pineapples10×
- 7Plantains and cooking bananas7.2×
- 8Lemons and limes6.5×
- 9Meat of chickens (fresh or chilled)6.4×
- 10Oranges6.2×
ProductSource:- FAOSTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Industries
- agriculture, mining, manufacture, construction, financial and insurance services, tourism, telecommunications
- Income level, GDP by sector, Trade:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- GDP (nominal), GDP growth (real), GDP per capita (PPP), Inflation, Budget balance:IMF World Economic Outlook ↗
- Labor force, Labor force participation, Unemployment, Youth unemployment, Labor productivity:ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
- Debt:IMF Global Debt Database ↗
- Debt:IMF Public Finances in Modern History ↗
- Trade, Industries:The World Factbook: Jamaica - CIA
- Economic Complexity Index:Atlas of Economic Complexity ↗ - Harvard Growth Lab
- Agricultural products:FAOSTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
Cost of Living
- Cost of living index
- Loading
- Monthly costs (excluding rent)
- Loading
- Rent
- Loading
- Buying an apartment
- Loading
- Average gross salary2014latest available
- JMD 37,140 per month$335 (USD), $531 (PPP)
- Median
- JMD 17,329 per month($156)
- Men
- JMD 37,247 per month($336)
- Women
- JMD 37,040 per month($334)
Source:- ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
- 2024
- JMD 64,950 per month, gross$415 (USD), $670 (PPP)
- Average gross salary, Minimum wage:ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
Society
- 2023
- 0.720HighWorld Rank117thof 193JamaicaWorld
Human Development Index by year Year Jamaica World 1990 0.662 0.608 1991 0.662 0.611 1992 0.664 0.614 1993 0.664 0.617 1994 0.664 0.620 1995 0.665 0.625 1996 0.664 0.631 1997 0.663 0.636 1998 0.662 0.641 1999 0.662 0.646 2000 0.659 0.651 2001 0.668 0.657 2002 0.672 0.662 2003 0.668 0.669 2004 0.684 0.675 2005 0.687 0.681 2006 0.696 0.688 2007 0.704 0.694 2008 0.711 0.698 2009 0.711 0.701 2010 0.708 0.707 2011 0.711 0.713 2012 0.711 0.717 2013 0.711 0.721 2014 0.712 0.726 2015 0.713 0.731 2016 0.714 0.735 2017 0.715 0.739 2018 0.715 0.741 2019 0.716 0.745 2020 0.711 0.742 2021 0.703 0.742 2022 0.718 0.752 2023 0.720 0.756 Source:- Human Development Report ↗ - United Nations Development Programme
- 2021
- 39.9
- Mean years of schooling2023
- 10 years
- Expected for a child today
- 12.4 years
Source:- Human Development Report ↗ - United Nations Development Programme
- Education expenditure2024
- 5.5% of GDP
- Share of government spending
- 17.9%
Source:- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Internet users2024
- 90.1% of the population
- Households with Internet access
- 86.6%
Source:- ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Mobile subscriptions2024
- 3.3 million
- Fixed telephone lines
- 453,882
- Fixed broadband
- 16 subscriptions per 100 people
Counts subscriptions, not people.
Source:- ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Credit-card ownership2021
- 12% of adults
- Debit-card ownership
- 47%
- Account at a bank or mobile-money provider
- 73%
- Mobile-money account
- 13%
- Made or received a digital payment
- 50%
Source:- Global Findex Database ↗ - World Bank
- Inbound tourists2022
- Official tourism site2.5 million arrivalsdown 8% against 20198% below 2019World Rank61stof 139
- Per resident
- 8.7 arrivals per 10 residents
- Same-day visitors
- 852,300 arrivals
- $4.3 billion(2024)
- Share of GDP
- 9.8% tourism direct GDP(2019, latest available)
- $704.2 million(2024)
- Hotel beds
- 58,966
- Average hotel stay
- 6.1 nights
Overnight arrivals by year2010 to 2022A tourist stays at least one night. Arrivals count trips, not people.
Source:- UN Tourism Data Dashboard ↗ - UN Tourism
- UNESCO World Heritage Sites
- 2 sites1 cultural1 mixed
Site Type Blue and John Crow Mountains Mixed The Archaeological Ensemble of 17th Century Port Royal Cultural Source:- The World Factbook: Jamaica - CIA
- Human Development Index, Mean years of schooling:Human Development Report ↗ - United Nations Development Programme
- Income inequality (Gini), Education expenditure:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Internet users, Mobile subscriptions:ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Credit-card ownership:Global Findex Database ↗ - World Bank
- Inbound tourists:UN Tourism Data Dashboard ↗ - UN Tourism
- UNESCO World Heritage Sites:The World Factbook: Jamaica - CIA
Crime & Safety
- Travel advisory (US)
- Loading
- Active humanitarian crisisAug 2026
- None - no active crisis
- Homicide rate2024
- Very high by global standards40.4 per 100,000 peopleWorld Rank3rdof 115
- Crime rates
- 7 offence categories
Offence Per 100,000 Count Year Homicide (victims) 40.4 1,146 2024 Serious assault 81.9 2,326 2023 Sexual violence 62.2 1,766 2023 Kidnapping 1.0 29 2023 Burglary 6.8 193 2022 Theft 28.2 802 2022 Vehicle theft 21.5 603 2015 A low figure can also mean weak recording.
Source:- UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
- Prison population2023
- 131 per 100,000 people
- Persons held
- 3,720
Source:- UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
- Active humanitarian crisis:INFORM Severity Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
- Homicide rate, Crime rates, Prison population:UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
Health
- Life expectancy2026
- 71.9 years
- Health expenditure2023
- 7.6% of GDP$520 per person
- Physicians2023
- 0.46 per 1,000 population
- Hospital beds2023
- 1.7 per 1,000 population
- Infant mortality2026
- 14.7 per 1,000 live births
- Maternal mortality2023
- 130 per 100,000 live births
- Alcohol consumption2022
- 3.9 litres of pure alcohol per adult per year
- Tobacco use2015latest available
- 13.6% of adults
- Men
- 21.5%
- Women
- 5.7%
Source:- Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Road traffic deaths2019
- 15.1 per 100,000 population
- Life expectancy, Infant mortality:UN World Population Prospects ↗
- Health expenditure, Physicians, Hospital beds, Road traffic deaths:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Maternal mortality:Maternal mortality estimates ↗ - UN Maternal Mortality Estimation Inter-agency Group
- Alcohol consumption, Tobacco use:Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
Environment
- CO₂ emissions2024
- 8.07 Mt per yearup 4.8 percent on the previous year4.8% from 2023
- CO₂ per capita
- 2.8 t per personWorld Rank103rdof 207
- Share of global CO₂
- 0.02%
- Methane (CH₄)
- 0.84 Mt CO₂-eq
- Nitrous oxide (N₂O)
- 0.33 Mt CO₂-eq
- Fluorinated gases
- 0.18 Mt CO₂-eq
- All greenhouse gases
- 9.42 Mt CO₂-eq
Source:- Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ↗ - European Commission, Joint Research Centre
- 2024
- 15.4 µg/m³ of PM2.51 years of life expectancy lost against the WHO guidelineMost polluted87thof 236
- WHO guideline
- 5 µg/m³
- National standard
- 12 µg/m³
- Life expectancy gain if the national standard were met
- 0.3 years
Source:- Air Quality Life Index ↗ - Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago
- Environmental issues
- heavy rates of deforestation
- coastal waters polluted by industrial waste, sewage, and oil spills
- damage to coral reefs
- air pollution in Kingston from vehicle emissions
- land erosion
Source:- The World Factbook: Jamaica - CIA
- International agreements
- 18 of 20 landmark treaties in forceParty to 66 multilateral environmental agreements
Treaty Standing Joined Climate Paris Agreement in force 2017 UN Framework Convention on Climate Change in force 1995 Kyoto Protocol in force 2005 Ozone layer Montreal Protocol in force 1993 Vienna Convention (Ozone Layer) in force 1993 Biodiversity Convention on Biological Diversity in force 1995 CITES in force 1997 Convention on Migratory Species (Bonn) signed 1980, not ratified Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety in force 2012 Nagoya Protocol not a party Land and heritage Ramsar Convention on Wetlands in force 1998 World Heritage Convention in force 1983 UN Convention to Combat Desertification in force 1998 Chemicals and waste Basel Convention in force 2003 Rotterdam Convention (PIC) in force 2004 Stockholm Convention (POPs) in force 2007 Minamata Convention on Mercury in force 2017 Oceans UN Convention on the Law of the Sea in force 1994 High Seas Treaty (BBNJ) in force 2026 MARPOL 73/78 in force 1991 Source:- International Environmental Agreements Database ↗ - Université Laval
- CO₂ emissions:Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ↗ - European Commission, Joint Research Centre
- Air pollution:Air Quality Life Index ↗ - Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago
- Environmental issues:The World Factbook: Jamaica - CIA
- International agreements:International Environmental Agreements Database ↗ - Université Laval
Food & Water
- No access to safe drinking water2022
- 6.2% of the population
- Renewable water2022
- 11 billion m³ per year
- Per person
- 3,812 m³ per year
- Dependency ratio
- 0% originates outside the country
- Annual water withdrawal
- 0.5 billion m³ per year
- Withdrawn for agriculture
- 17%
- Water stress
- 12% of available freshwater withdrawn
Source:- AQUASTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Undernourishment2022
- 7.6% of the population200,000 people
- Obesity2024
- 35.2% of adults
- Men
- 19.5%
- Women
- 50.1%
Source:- Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Underweight children2018
- 2.5% of children under five
- No access to safe drinking water, Renewable water:AQUASTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Undernourishment:Food security indicators (FAOSTAT) ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Obesity:Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Underweight children:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
Energy
- Energy consumption2024
- Per capita
- 45 GJ per person
- Share of world total
- 0.02%
- Supply
- Deficitproduces 2% of what it consumes, 2024
Source:- International Energy Statistics ↗ - U.S. Energy Information Administration
- Electricity2024
- No electricity trade4.9 TWh generated per year
- Generation
- 4.9 TWh per year
- Consumption
- 3.6 TWh per year
Source:- International Energy Statistics ↗ - U.S. Energy Information Administration
- Energy consumption, Electricity, Oil, gas & coal:International Energy Statistics ↗ - U.S. Energy Information Administration
Defense
- Military expenditure2024
- 1.3% of GDP$262.5 million, 4.1% of government spending
- Military personnel2025
- approximately 4,000active Jamaica Defense Forces
- Military service2025
- Voluntaryno conscription; men and women 18–23, 17 with parental consent; reserves 18–28
Since 2017, the JDF's standard mode of recruitment is to enroll recruits ages 18–23 through the Jamaica National Service Corps (JNSC), which has a service requirement of 12 months.The Jamaica Combined Cadet Force (JCCF), a youth organization under the Ministry of Security, also provides a recruitment pool for the JDF, as well as other government agencies.As of 2022, women made up about 20% of the JDF's uniformed personnel.
Source:- The World Factbook: Jamaica - CIA
- Nuclear weapons2026
- None - no nuclear arsenal
- Military expenditure:SIPRI Military Expenditure Database ↗ - Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
- Military expenditure:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Military personnel, Military service:The World Factbook: Jamaica - CIA
- Nuclear weapons:Status of World Nuclear Forces ↗ - Federation of American Scientists
