National Identity
- Official name
- Ireland
- Official name (in Irish)
- Éire
- Name etymology
the Irish name Eire evolved from the Gaelic name Eriu, which is possibly derived from the Old Celtic iveriu, meaning "good land;" the English name, Ireland, is a direct translation
Sources:- Art. 4 - Constitution of Ireland ↗ - electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) - Government of Ireland
- The World Factbook: Ireland - CIA
- Coat of arms
- National flag
As published by the Government of Ireland The National Flag is rectangular in shape, the width being twice the depth (measurement from top to bottom). The three colours – green, white and orange – are of equal size and vertically disposed. [...] The Flag should normally be displayed on a staff, the green being next to the staff, the white in the middle and the orange farthest from the staff.
As published in EnglishAs published by the Government of Ireland The National Flag of Ireland, a tricolour of green, white and orange, is intended to symbolise the inclusion of and the aspiration for unity between people of different traditions on this island.
As published in EnglishAs published by the Government of Ireland "The white in the centre signifies a lasting truce between Orange and Green and I trust that beneath its folds the hands of Irish Protestants and Irish Catholics may be clasped in generous and heroic brotherhood."
As published in EnglishAs published by the Government of Ireland Irish tricolours were mentioned in 1830 and 1844, but widespread recognition was not accorded to the flag until 1848. From March of that year, Irish tricolours appeared side by side with French ones at meetings held all over the country to celebrate the revolution that had just taken place in France. On 7 March 1848, Thomas Francis Meagher, the Young Ireland leader, flew a tricolour from 33 The Mall in Waterford, where it flew continuously for a week until removed by the authorities. On the same day, a tricolour was reported to have been carried in a parade to Vinegar Hill, Enniscorthy, Co Wexford. In April, Meagher brought a tricolour from Paris, presented it to a Dublin meeting and outlined the significance of the colours:
“The white in the centre signifies a lasting truce between Orange and Green and I trust that beneath its folds the hands of Irish Protestants and Irish Catholics may be clasped in generous and heroic brotherhood.”
John Mitchel, also a member of the Young Ireland Movement, said: “I hope to see that flag one day waving as our national banner.”
As published in EnglishAs published by the Government of Ireland Associated with separatism in the past, flown during the Rising of 1916 and capturing the national imagination as the banner of the new revolutionary Ireland, the tricolour came to be accepted as the National Flag. It continued to be used officially during the period 1922-1937, and in the latter year its position as the National Flag was formally confirmed by the new Constitution, Article 7 of which states: ‘The national flag is the tricolour of green, white and orange.’
As published in EnglishSources:- assets.gov.ie ↗ - the Government of Ireland
- gov.ie ↗ - the Government of Ireland
- National anthem
- Amhrán na bhFiann0:59
- Title (in Irish)
- Amhrán na bhFiann
- Title (in English, translated)
- The Soldier’s Song
- Lyrics
Sinne Fianna Fáil a tá faoi gheall ag Éirinn, Buíon dár slua thar toinn do ráinig chughainn, Faoi mhóid bheith saor, Seantír ár sinsear feasta Ní fhágfar faoin tiorán ná faoin tráill. Anocht a théam sa bhearna bhaoil, Le gean ar Ghaeil chun báis nó saoil Le guna scréach faoi lámhach na bpiléar Seo libh canaig amhrán na bhFiann.
Source: - Citizens
- Irishmen, Irishwomen, Irish
- Official name:Art. 4 - Constitution of Ireland ↗ - electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) - Government of Ireland
- Official name, Citizens:The World Factbook: Ireland - CIA
- National flag:assets.gov.ie ↗ - the Government of Ireland
- National flag:gov.ie ↗ - the Government of Ireland
- National anthem:nationalanthems.info ↗
Geography
- Location
- Western Europe, occupying five-sixths of the island of Ireland in the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Great Britain
- Total area
- 70,273 km²
- Land area
- 68,883 km²
- Water area
- 1,390 km²
- Land borders
- 490 km(1 country)
- United Kingdom
- 499 km
Source:- The World Factbook: Ireland - CIA
- Coastline
- 1,448 km
- Terrain
Mostly flat to rolling interior plain surrounded by rugged hills and low mountains; sea cliffs on west coast - Mean elevation
- 118 m
- Highest point
- 1,041 mCarrauntoohil
- Lowest point
- 0 mAtlantic Ocean
- Climate
Temperate maritime modified by North Atlantic Current; mild winters, cool summers; consistently humid; overcast about half the time - Avg. temperature
- 9.9 °C
- Avg. daily range
- 7.1 to 12.6 °C
- Annual precipitation
- 1,112 mm
Temperature °CMeanDaily rangePrecipitation mmMonthly climate normals Month Avg. high, °C Mean, °C Avg. low, °C Precipitation, mm January 7.8 5.7 3.5 103 February 8.2 5.7 3.3 86 March 9.5 6.8 4 82 April 11.7 8.5 5.3 81 May 14.3 11.1 7.7 84 June 16.5 13.5 10.2 86 July 17.9 15 12 91 August 17.7 14.8 11.9 96 September 16.1 13.2 10.3 84 October 13 10.4 7.9 104 November 10 7.8 5.4 107 December 8.1 6 3.8 108 Country-wide averages over 1991–2020.
Sources:- The World Factbook: Ireland - CIA
- Climate Change Knowledge Portal (ERA5 reanalysis) ↗ - World Bank
- Weather
- Loading
- Land use2023
- Arable6.4%Pasture54.4%Forest11.9%Other27.3%
- Arable land
- 439,000 hectares (6.4%)
- Permanent crops
- 1,000 hectares (0.0%)
- Permanent meadows & pastures
- 3,749,000 hectares (54.4%)
- Forest
- 817,038 hectares (11.9%)
- Other land
- 1,882,962 hectares (27.3%)
Source: - Natural hazards2026
- Coastal floods5.9High#42/191River floods3.5Low#129/191Epidemics2.4Very low#172/191Tsunamis1.9Very low#89/191Drought0.9Very low#153/191Earthquakes0.1Very low#127/191Tropical cyclones0.0Very low
Scores out of 10, ranks out of 191 countries.
Source:- INFORM Risk Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
- Location, Land borders, Coastline, Terrain, Mean elevation, Highest point, Lowest point, Climate:The World Factbook: Ireland - CIA
- Climate:Climate Change Knowledge Portal (ERA5 reanalysis) ↗ - World Bank
- Land use:FAOSTAT Land Use domain ↗ - FAO
- Natural hazards:INFORM Risk Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
Demographics
- Population change2026
- +0.92% per year+48,911 people/yearWorld Rank105thof 237
- Birth rate
- 9.8 per 1,000 population
- Death rate
- 7.0 per 1,000 population
- Net migration rate
- +6.0 per 1,000 population
- 2026
- 39.2 yearsWorld Rank68thof 237
- Age structure2026
- 0-14 years17.6%15-64 years65.8%65 years +16.5%
- Share aged 65 and over
- 16.5%
- Share aged under 18
- 21.9%
- Total dependency ratio
- 52
- Youth dependency ratio
- 27
- Elderly dependency ratio
- 25
- Sex ratio
- 0.98 male / female
MaleAgeFemalePopulation by age group, % of total population Age Male Female 80+ 1.8% 2.4% 70-79 3.6% 3.9% 60-69 5.2% 5.4% 50-59 6.5% 6.6% 40-49 7.2% 7.7% 30-39 6.0% 6.0% 20-29 6.7% 6.4% 10-19 6.9% 6.6% 0-9 5.7% 5.4% - 2026
- 0.50 below the replacement level for Ireland ()1.60 births per womanreplacement 2.10123World Rank151stof 237
- 0.77 daughters per woman0.23 below replacement, long-run each generation smaller than the lastreplacement 1.000.511.5
- 2026
- +2.8 per 1,000 populationfor every 1,000 people, 2.8 more births than deaths a year
- 2026
- +6.0 per 1,000 population
- Urbanization2026
- 64.8% live in 3,473,280 urban residents
- Largest cities2022
- Dublin, Cork, Galway, LimerickRankCity, Town or BoroughPopulation (2022 census)1Dublin592,7132Cork131,4233Galway84,4144Limerick62,7025Waterford54,3136Dundalk35,4507Navan32,0008Drogheda30,9009Bray28,60010Naas26,306Source:
- Central Statistics Office, Ireland (2022 census), via City Population by Thomas Brinkhoff ↗
- Population distribution
- Population distribution is weighted to the eastern side of the island, with the largest concentration in and around Dublin; populations in the west are small due to mountainous land, poorer soil, and lack of transport routes.
- Ethnic groups2022
- Irish76.6%Irish travelers0.6%Other White9.9%Asian3.3%Black1.5%Other2.0%Unspecified2.6%
Other includes Arab, Roma, and persons of mixed backgrounds.
Source:- The World Factbook: Ireland - CIA
- Religions2022
- Roman Catholic69.2%Protestant3.7%Orthodox2.0%Other Christian0.9%Muslim1.6%Other1.4%Agnostic/atheist0.1%None14.5%Unspecified6.7%
- Protestant
- 3.7%
- Church of Ireland/England/Anglican/Episcopalian
- 2.5%
- Other Protestant
- 1.2%
Roman Catholic includes lapsed Catholics.
Source:- The World Factbook: Ireland - CIA
- Languages
- Irish (Gaeilge), English
- Population, Population change, Median age, Age structure, Total fertility rate, Net reproduction rate, Natural change, Net migration rate:UN World Population Prospects ↗
- Urbanization:UN World Urbanization Prospects ↗
- Largest cities:Central Statistics Office, Ireland (2022 census), via City Population by Thomas Brinkhoff ↗
- Population distribution, Ethnic groups, Religions:The World Factbook: Ireland - CIA
Government & Administration
- Form of state
- RepublicThe President is elected by direct vote of the people; the Constitution calls Ireland "a sovereign, independent, democratic state" but never a republic, the description "the Republic of Ireland" coming from a 1948 statute (Arts. 5, 12; 1948 Act, s. 2).Sources:
- Bunreacht na hÉireann / Constitution of Ireland, text enrolled 13 November 2019 ↗, Arts. 5, 12; 1948 Act, s. 2
- The Republic of Ireland Act, 1948 (No. 22 of 1948) ↗, Arts. 5, 12; 1948 Act, s. 2
- System of government
- Semi-presidentialAlthough often described as parliamentary, Ireland is classified as semi-presidential because it combines a directly elected President with a Government responsible to Dáil Éireann (lower house); the Taoiseach (prime minister), appointed on the Dáil's nomination, must resign on losing its majority support (Arts. 13, 28).Sources:
- Territorial organisation
- Unitary
- Official websites
- Capital
- Dublin592,713 people(2022)
- National holidays
- 10 days in 2026
- ThuJan 1New Year's Day
- MonFeb 2Saint Brigid's Day
- TueMar 17Saint Patrick's Day
- MonApr 6Easter Monday
- MonMay 4May Day
- MonJun 1June Bank Holiday
- MonAug 3August Bank Holiday
- MonOct 26October Bank Holiday
- FriDec 25Christmas Day
- SatDec 26Saint Stephen's Day
Nationwide public holidays only, excluding regional, bank and government-only days.
- Time
- Currency
- Euro (EUR)
- Entry requirements
- Official visa and entry information
- Calling code
- +353
- Internet TLD
- .ie
- ISO 3166-1 codes
- IE, IRL
- Infrastructure
- Passengers carried
- 192,528,432 by the country's airlines(2023)
- Heliports
- 10
- Aircraft departures
- 1,108,607 by the country's airlines(2023)
- Air freight
- 430.5 million tonne-km(2023)
- Aircraft registration prefix
- EI
Sources:- The World Factbook: Ireland - CIA
- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Flag carrier
- Aer LingusPrivately owned (IAG)
- Passenger rail
- Iarnród Éireann (Irish Rail)
- 2025
- 76 / 100World Rank12thof 182
Significant improverUp 7 points since 2012, when it scored 69.
Confidence intervalCorruption index score by year Year Score Lower bound Upper bound 2012 69 64 75 2013 72 65 79 2014 74 66 82 2015 75 67 83 2016 73 66 80 2017 74 68 80 2018 73 68 78 2019 74 68.1 79.9 2020 72 68.5 75.5 2021 74 72.9 75.1 2022 77 75.7 78.3 2023 77 75.1 78.9 2024 77 74.5 79.5 2025 76 73.9 78.1 Source:- Corruption Perceptions Index 2025 ↗ - Transparency International, CC BY 4.0
- Form of state, System of government, Territorial organisation:Bunreacht na hÉireann / Constitution of Ireland, text enrolled 13 November 2019 ↗ - Office of the Attorney General (electronic Irish Statute Book)
- Form of state, System of government, Territorial organisation:The Republic of Ireland Act, 1948 (No. 22 of 1948) ↗ - Office of the Attorney General (electronic Irish Statute Book)
- National holidays:Open World Holidays Framework (vacanza/holidays) ↗
- Infrastructure:The World Factbook: Ireland - CIA
- Infrastructure:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Corruption Perceptions Index:Corruption Perceptions Index 2025 ↗ - Transparency International, CC BY 4.0
Economy
- High income
- GDP growth (real)2026
- −1% per yearWorld Rank184thof 195
- GDP per capita (PPP)2026
- GDP per capita (nominal)
- $127,837 (3rd in the world)
Source:- 2025
- Services56.7% of GDPIndustry37.8% of GDPAgriculture1.1% of GDPManufacturing33.9%part of industry
- Households
- +25.2%
- Government
- +11.2%
- Investment
- +22.9%
- Exports
- +140.1%
- Imports
- −99.9%
The shape of the economyGDP by end useSource:- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Inflation2026
- 3.4%up 1.4 percentage points1.4pp from 2025
- Labor force2024
- 2.8 million (53% of population)World Rank116thof 187
- Labor force participation2024
- 65.0% of people aged 15+
- Unemployment2024
- 4.3%
- Youth unemployment2024
- 10.4% ages 15 to 24
- Labor productivity2024
- $152.3 per hour worked at PPP
- Labor cost2025
- €44.20 per hour$49.95 (USD), $48.90 (PPP)
- Budget balance2026
- 1.4% of GDP surplus
- Current account
- 7.4% of GDP, $52.7 billion surplus
Source: - Debt2024
- Government debt41.1% of GDPHousehold debt29.6% of GDPCompany debt120% of GDPInterest on debt0.6% of GDPCentral government debt44.8% of GDP
- Trade2024
- Goods$356.3 billion40.4%
- Services$525.9 billion59.6%
- Total exports
- $882.3 billion
- Change from 2023
- up 15.8 percent on the previous year15.8%
Sources:- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- The World Factbook: Ireland - CIA
- 2024
- +1.18World Rank14thof 145
- Projected GDP growth
- +3.1% a year over the next 10 years
Source:- Atlas of Economic Complexity ↗ - Harvard Growth Lab
- Agricultural products2024
- Broad beans and horse beans (dry), Oats, Barley, and 7 more
- 1Broad beans and horse beans (dry)39.5×
- 2Oats30.3×
- 3Barley27.1×
- 4Meat of cattle with the bone (fresh or chilled)25.9×
- 5Meat of sheep (fresh or chilled)16.4×
- 6Meat of pig with the bone (fresh or chilled)7.5×
- 7Mushrooms and truffles4.1×
- 8Carrots and turnips3.9×
- 9Meat of chickens (fresh or chilled)3.8×
- 10Potatoes2.8×
ProductSource:- FAOSTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Gold reserves2025
- 12 tonnesWorth $1.7 billion, 12% of total official reserves by value
- Industries
- pharmaceuticals, chemicals, computer hardware and software, food products, beverages and brewing
- medical devices
- Income level, GDP by sector, Trade, Gold reserves:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- GDP (nominal), GDP growth (real), GDP per capita (PPP), Inflation, Budget balance:IMF World Economic Outlook ↗
- Labor force, Labor force participation, Unemployment, Youth unemployment, Labor productivity, Labor cost:ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
- Debt:IMF Global Debt Database ↗
- Debt:IMF Public Finances in Modern History ↗
- Trade, Industries:The World Factbook: Ireland - CIA
- Economic Complexity Index:Atlas of Economic Complexity ↗ - Harvard Growth Lab
- Agricultural products:FAOSTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
Cost of Living
- Cost of living index
- Loading
- Monthly costs (excluding rent)
- Loading
- Rent
- Loading
- Buying an apartment
- Loading
- Average gross salary2025
- €5,041 per month$5,697 (USD), $5,577 (PPP)
- Median
- €3,999 per month($4,518)
- Men
- €5,794 per month($6,547)
- Women
- €4,265 per month($4,820)
Source:- ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
- 2025
- €2,282 per month, gross$2,579 (USD), $2,524 (PPP)
- Share of the average gross salary
- 45%
Source:- ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
- Average gross salary, Minimum wage:ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
Society
- 2023
- 0.949Very highWorld Rank11thof 193IrelandWorld
Human Development Index by year Year Ireland World 1990 0.776 0.608 1991 0.780 0.611 1992 0.787 0.614 1993 0.794 0.617 1994 0.805 0.620 1995 0.809 0.625 1996 0.816 0.631 1997 0.823 0.636 1998 0.855 0.641 1999 0.858 0.646 2000 0.869 0.651 2001 0.876 0.657 2002 0.883 0.662 2003 0.891 0.669 2004 0.899 0.675 2005 0.905 0.681 2006 0.908 0.688 2007 0.911 0.694 2008 0.907 0.698 2009 0.907 0.701 2010 0.915 0.707 2011 0.909 0.713 2012 0.911 0.717 2013 0.915 0.721 2014 0.921 0.726 2015 0.931 0.731 2016 0.936 0.735 2017 0.941 0.739 2018 0.944 0.741 2019 0.947 0.745 2020 0.948 0.742 2021 0.946 0.742 2022 0.947 0.752 2023 0.949 0.756 Source:- Human Development Report ↗ - United Nations Development Programme
- 2023
- 29
- Mean years of schooling2023
- 11.7 years
- Expected for a child today
- 19.2 years
Source:- Human Development Report ↗ - United Nations Development Programme
- Education expenditure2021
- 2.9% of GDP
- Share of government spending
- 12.3%
Source:- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Internet users2024
- 97.2% of the population
- Households with Internet access
- 97.1%
Source:- ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Mobile subscriptions2024
- 5.9 million
- Fixed telephone lines
- 1,078,038
- Fixed broadband
- 32.3 subscriptions per 100 people
Counts subscriptions, not people.
Source:- ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Credit-card ownership2021
- 55% of adults
- Debit-card ownership
- 93%
- Account at a bank or mobile-money provider
- 100%
- Made or received a digital payment
- 98%
Source:- Global Findex Database ↗ - World Bank
- Refugees hosted2025
- 130,375 people
- Asylum seekers
- 32,360
- Stateless persons
- 49
- Refugees from Ireland abroad
- 18
Source:- Refugee Data Finder ↗ - UN Refugee Agency
- Inbound tourists2019latest available
- 11 million arrivalsOfficial tourism site
- Per resident
- 2.2 arrivals per resident
- Same-day visitors
- 1.5 million arrivals
- $18.2 billion(2023)
- 4.8% tourism direct GDP
- Domestic trips
- 5.7 million overnight trips by residents(2021, latest available)
- $13.2 billion(2023)
- Hotel beds
- 166,550(2021, latest available)
Overnight arrivals by year2010 to 2019A tourist stays at least one night. Arrivals count trips, not people.
Source:- UN Tourism Data Dashboard ↗ - UN Tourism
- UNESCO World Heritage Sites
- 2 sites2 cultural
Site Brú na Bóinne - Archaeological Ensemble of the Bend of the Boyne Sceilg Mhichíl Source:- The World Factbook: Ireland - CIA
- Human Development Index, Mean years of schooling:Human Development Report ↗ - United Nations Development Programme
- Income inequality (Gini), Education expenditure:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Internet users, Mobile subscriptions:ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Credit-card ownership:Global Findex Database ↗ - World Bank
- Refugees hosted:Refugee Data Finder ↗ - UN Refugee Agency
- Inbound tourists:UN Tourism Data Dashboard ↗ - UN Tourism
- UNESCO World Heritage Sites:The World Factbook: Ireland - CIA
Crime & Safety
- Travel advisory (US)
- Loading
- Active humanitarian crisisAug 2026
- None - no active crisis
- Homicide rate2024
- Very low by global standards0.7 per 100,000 peopleWorld Rank96thof 115
- Crime rates
- 7 offence categories
Offence Per 100,000 Count Year Homicide (victims) 0.7 37 2024 Serious assault 109.9 5,711 2023 Sexual violence 56.6 2,942 2023 Kidnapping 2.0 105 2023 Burglary 179.7 9,182 2022 Theft 1,218.8 62,282 2022 Vehicle theft 80.4 4,109 2022 A low figure can also mean weak recording.
Source:- UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
- Prison population2023
- 91 per 100,000 people
- Persons held
- 4,731
Source:- UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
- Active humanitarian crisis:INFORM Severity Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
- Homicide rate, Crime rates, Prison population:UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
Health
- Life expectancy2026
- 82.9 years
- Health expenditure2024
- 6.9% of GDP$7,395 per person
- Physicians2023
- 3.88 per 1,000 population
- Hospital beds2023
- 3 per 1,000 population
- Infant mortality2026
- 2.5 per 1,000 live births
- Maternal mortality2023
- 4 per 100,000 live births
- Alcohol consumption2022
- 10.5 litres of pure alcohol per adult per year
- Tobacco use2024
- 18.2% of adults
- Men
- 21.2%
- Women
- 15.3%
Source:- Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Alcohol and Tobacco Spending2023
- 4.0% of household spendingWorld Rank30thof 105
- World median
- 3.1%
Source:- The World Factbook: Ireland - CIA
- Road traffic deaths2019
- 3.1 per 100,000 population
- Life expectancy, Infant mortality:UN World Population Prospects ↗
- Health expenditure, Physicians, Hospital beds, Road traffic deaths:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Maternal mortality:Maternal mortality estimates ↗ - UN Maternal Mortality Estimation Inter-agency Group
- Alcohol consumption, Tobacco use:Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Alcohol and Tobacco Spending:The World Factbook: Ireland - CIA
Environment
- CO₂ emissions2024
- 32.6 Mt per yeardown 0.9 percent on the previous year0.9% from 2023
- CO₂ per capita
- 6.5 t per personWorld Rank41stof 207
- Share of global CO₂
- 0.08%
- Methane (CH₄)
- 18.1 Mt CO₂-eq
- Nitrous oxide (N₂O)
- 8.32 Mt CO₂-eq
- Fluorinated gases
- 0.68 Mt CO₂-eq
- All greenhouse gases
- 59.7 Mt CO₂-eq
Source:- Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ↗ - European Commission, Joint Research Centre
- 2024
- 5.6 µg/m³ of PM2.50.1 years of life expectancy lost against the WHO guidelineMost polluted179thof 236
- WHO guideline
- 5 µg/m³
- National standard
- 10 µg/m³
Source:- Air Quality Life Index ↗ - Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago
- Environmental issues
- water pollution, especially of lakes, from agricultural runoff
- deforestation, including problems with acid rain
- International agreements
- 20 of 20 landmark treaties in forceParty to 129 multilateral environmental agreements
Treaty Standing Joined Climate Paris Agreement in force 2016 UN Framework Convention on Climate Change in force 1994 Kyoto Protocol in force 2005 Ozone layer Montreal Protocol in force 1989 Vienna Convention (Ozone Layer) in force 1988 Biodiversity Convention on Biological Diversity in force 1996 CITES in force 2002 Convention on Migratory Species (Bonn) in force 1983 Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety in force 2004 Nagoya Protocol in force 2023 Land and heritage Ramsar Convention on Wetlands in force 1985 World Heritage Convention in force 1991 UN Convention to Combat Desertification in force 1997 Chemicals and waste Basel Convention in force 1994 Rotterdam Convention (PIC) in force 2005 Stockholm Convention (POPs) in force 2010 Minamata Convention on Mercury in force 2019 Oceans UN Convention on the Law of the Sea in force 1996 High Seas Treaty (BBNJ) in force 2026 MARPOL 73/78 in force 1995 Source:- International Environmental Agreements Database ↗ - Université Laval
- CO₂ emissions:Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ↗ - European Commission, Joint Research Centre
- Air pollution:Air Quality Life Index ↗ - Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago
- Environmental issues:The World Factbook: Ireland - CIA
- International agreements:International Environmental Agreements Database ↗ - Université Laval
Food & Water
- No access to safe drinking water2022
- 2.1% of the population
- Renewable water2022
- 52 billion m³ per year
- Per person
- 10,176 m³ per year
- Dependency ratio
- 6% originates outside the country
- Annual water withdrawal
- 1.7 billion m³ per year
- Withdrawn for agriculture
- 2%
- Water stress
- 8% of available freshwater withdrawn
Source:- AQUASTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Obesity2024
- 27.9% of adults
- Men
- 28.8%
- Women
- 27.1%
Source:- Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Underweight children2011latest available
- 0.5% of children under five
- No access to safe drinking water, Renewable water:AQUASTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Obesity:Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Underweight children:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
Energy
- Energy consumption2024
- Per capita
- 120.9 GJ per person
- Share of world total
- 0.10%
- Supply
- Deficitproduces 16% of what it consumes, 2024
Source:- International Energy Statistics ↗ - U.S. Energy Information Administration
- Electricity2024
- Net importer, net 5.1 TWh in 2024, 15% of consumption31 TWh generated per year
- Generation
- 31 TWh per year
- Consumption
- 33 TWh per year
- Imports
- 5.3 TWh per year
- Exports
- 0.2 TWh per year
- Net
- −5.1 TWh per year
Source:- International Energy Statistics ↗ - U.S. Energy Information Administration
- Energy consumption, Electricity, Oil, gas & coal:International Energy Statistics ↗ - U.S. Energy Information Administration
- Oil, gas & coal:Worldwide Oil and Gas Survey ↗ - Oil & Gas Journal
Defense
- Military expenditure2024
- 0.2% of GDP$1.3 billion, 1% of government spending
- Military personnel2025
- approximately 7,500active-duty Defense Forces (authorized establishment of 9,500)
- Military service2026
- Voluntarymen and women 18–38
As of 2025, women made up about 7.5% of the military's full-time personnel.The Defense Forces are open to refugees under the Refugee Act of 1996 and nationals of the European Economic Area, which include EU member states, Iceland, Liechtenstein, and Norway.
Source:- The World Factbook: Ireland - CIA
- Nuclear weapons2026
- None - no nuclear arsenal
- Military expenditure:SIPRI Military Expenditure Database ↗ - Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
- Military expenditure:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Military personnel, Military service:The World Factbook: Ireland - CIA
- Nuclear weapons:Status of World Nuclear Forces ↗ - Federation of American Scientists
