British Overseas Territory
Territory under British sovereignty that does not form part of the United Kingdom. It has its own constitution and government; the United Kingdom is responsible for defense and external relations.
Listed by the United Nations as a Non-Self-Governing Territory.
National Identity
- Official name
- Gibraltar
- Name etymology
from the Spanish derivation of the Arabic jabal tariq, which means "Mountain of Tariq" and refers to the Berber chief who captured the peninsula in A.D. 711
Sources:- The Gibraltar Constitution Order 2006 ↗ - Gibraltar Parliament
- The World Factbook: Gibraltar - CIA
- Coat of arms
- National flag
- National anthem
- God Save the KingThe national anthem of the United Kingdom.1:03
- Title
- God Save the King
- Lyrics
- English
1God save our gracious King, Long live our noble King, God save the King: Send him victorious, Happy and glorious, Long to reign over us: God save the King.
2O Lord, our God, arise, Scatter his enemies, And make them fall. Confound their politics, Frustrate their knavish tricks, On Thee our hopes we fix, God save us all.
3Thy choicest gifts in store, On him be pleased to pour; Long may he reign: May he defend our laws, And ever give us cause With heart and voice to sing God save the King
Source: - Citizens
- Gibraltarians
- Official name:The Gibraltar Constitution Order 2006 ↗ - Gibraltar Parliament
- Official name, Citizens:The World Factbook: Gibraltar - CIA
- National anthem:nationalanthems.info ↗
Geography
- Location
- Southwestern Europe, bordering the Strait of Gibraltar, which links the Mediterranean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, on the southern coast of Spain
- Total area
- 6.50 km²
- Land area
- 6.50 km²
- Water area
- 0.00 km²
- Land borders
- 1.2 km(1 country)
- Spain
- 1.2 km
Source:- The World Factbook: Gibraltar - CIA
- Coastline
- 12 km
- Terrain
A narrow coastal lowland borders the Rock of Gibraltar - Highest point
- 426 mRock of Gibraltar
- Lowest point
- 0 mMediterranean Sea
- Climate
Mediterranean with mild winters and warm summers - Avg. temperature
- 17.7 °C
- Avg. daily range
- 16.3 to 19.2 °C
- Annual precipitation
- 679 mm
Temperature °CMeanDaily rangePrecipitation mmMonthly climate normals Month Avg. high, °C Mean, °C Avg. low, °C Precipitation, mm January 14.8 13.3 12 94 February 14.8 13.4 12.1 81 March 16 14.5 13.1 79 April 17.2 15.6 14.1 53 May 19.5 17.8 16.2 26 June 22.2 20.4 18.8 6 July 24.6 22.7 20.9 2 August 25.1 23.3 21.7 6 September 23 21.5 20.2 36 October 20.4 19.1 17.9 82 November 17.4 16.1 14.9 99 December 15.6 14.3 13.2 116 Country-wide averages over 1991–2020.
Sources:- The World Factbook: Gibraltar - CIA
- Climate Change Knowledge Portal (ERA5 reanalysis) ↗ - World Bank
- Weather
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- Location, Land borders, Coastline, Terrain, Highest point, Lowest point, Climate:The World Factbook: Gibraltar - CIA
- Climate:Climate Change Knowledge Portal (ERA5 reanalysis) ↗ - World Bank
Demographics
- Population change2026
- +1.85% per year+741 people/yearWorld Rank52ndof 237
- Birth rate
- 12.3 per 1,000 population
- Death rate
- 6.7 per 1,000 population
- Net migration rate
- +11.8 per 1,000 population
- 2026
- 38.8 yearsWorld Rank77thof 237
- Age structure2026
- 0-14 years17.6%15-64 years64.3%65 years +18.1%
- Share aged 65 and over
- 18.1%
- Share aged under 18
- 21.2%
- Total dependency ratio
- 55
- Youth dependency ratio
- 27
- Elderly dependency ratio
- 28
- Sex ratio
- 0.99 male / female
MaleAgeFemalePopulation by age group, % of total population Age Male Female 80+ 1.9% 3.0% 70-79 4.0% 4.1% 60-69 5.5% 5.6% 50-59 6.1% 6.2% 40-49 6.7% 6.6% 30-39 6.7% 6.8% 20-29 6.7% 6.5% 10-19 6.1% 5.8% 0-9 6.0% 5.7% - 2026
- 0.22 below the replacement level for Gibraltar ()1.88 births per womanreplacement 2.10123World Rank120thof 237
- 0.89 daughters per woman0.11 below replacement, long-run each generation smaller than the lastreplacement 1.000.511.5
- 2026
- +5.6 per 1,000 populationfor every 1,000 people, 5.6 more births than deaths a year
- 2026
- +11.8 per 1,000 population
- Urbanization2026
- 100.0% live in cities40,867 urban residents
- Largest residential areas2022
- Reclamation Areas, South District, North District, Town AreaRankMajor Residential AreaPopulation (2022 census)1Reclamation Areas14,9652South District6,6253North District6,5574Town Area3,7835Upper Town2,8606Sandpits Area2,0977East Side497Source:
- Statistics Office, Gibraltar (2022 census), via City Population by Thomas Brinkhoff ↗
- Ethnic groups2012
- Figures count nationality, not ethnicity.Gibraltarian79.0%Other British13.2%Spanish2.1%Moroccan1.6%Other EU2.4%Other1.6%
- Religions2012
- Roman Catholic72.1%Church of England7.7%Other Christian3.8%Muslim3.6%Jewish2.4%Hindu2.0%Other1.1%None7.1%Unspecified0.1%
- Languages
- English
- Population, Population change, Median age, Age structure, Total fertility rate, Net reproduction rate, Natural change, Net migration rate:UN World Population Prospects ↗
- Urbanization:UN World Urbanization Prospects ↗
- Largest cities:Statistics Office, Gibraltar (2022 census), via City Population by Thomas Brinkhoff ↗
- Ethnic groups, Religions:The World Factbook: Gibraltar - CIA
Government & Administration
- Form of state
- Constitutional monarchyShared with the United Kingdom: the British monarch is head of state.Gibraltar is part of the British monarch's dominions; a Governor appointed by the monarch is the monarch's representative, and the United Kingdom remains responsible for external relations (Preamble, s. 19).
- System of government
- ParliamentaryThe Governor appoints as Chief Minister the elected member most likely to command Parliament's confidence; a no-confidence motion not reversed within seven days vacates all ministerial offices, and dissolution is on the Chief Minister's advice (ss. 45, 38).
- Official websites
- Capital
- Gibraltar32,194 people(2012)
- National holidays
- 13 days in 2026
- ThuJan 1New Year's Day
- MonFeb 16Winter Midterm Bank Holiday
- FriApr 3Good Friday
- MonApr 6Easter Monday
- TueApr 28Workers' Memorial Day
- FriMay 1May Day
- MonMay 25Spring Bank Holiday
- MonJun 15King's Birthday
- MonAug 31Late Summer Bank Holiday
- ThuSep 10Gibraltar National Day
- FriDec 25Christmas Day
- SatDec 26Boxing Day
- MonDec 28Boxing Day (observed)
Nationwide public holidays only, excluding regional, bank and government-only days.
- Time
- Currency
- Gibraltar Pound (GIP)
- Entry requirements
- Official visa and entry information
- Calling code
- +350
- Internet TLD
- .gi
- ISO 3166-1 codes
- GI, GIB
- Infrastructure
- Aircraft registration prefix
- VP-G
Source:- The World Factbook: Gibraltar - CIA
- Form of state, System of government:The Gibraltar Constitution Order 2006, Supplement to the Gibraltar Gazette No. 3,574 of 28 December 2006, Annex 1: The Constitution of Gibraltar ↗ - Gibraltar Parliament
- National holidays:Open World Holidays Framework (vacanza/holidays) ↗
- Infrastructure:The World Factbook: Gibraltar - CIA
- Infrastructure:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
Economy
- High income
- Trade2023
- Netherlands38%
- France26%
- Cyprus7%
- Poland7%
- Sweden6%
Source:- The World Factbook: Gibraltar - CIA
- Industries
- tourism, banking and finance, ship repairing, tobacco
- Income level:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Trade, Industries:The World Factbook: Gibraltar - CIA
Cost of Living
- Cost of living index
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- Monthly costs (excluding rent)
- Loading
- Rent
- Loading
- Buying an apartment
- Loading
- Average gross salary2012latest available
- GIP 1,201 per month$1,897 (USD)
- Men
- GIP 1,734 per month($2,739)
- Women
- GIP 1,201 per month($1,897)
Source:- ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
- Average gross salary:ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
Society
- Internet users2016latest available
- 94.4% of the population
- Households with Internet access
- 85.3%
Source:- ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Mobile subscriptions2016latest available
- 41,136
- Fixed telephone lines
- 17,027
- Fixed broadband
- 48.7 subscriptions per 100 people
Counts subscriptions, not people.
Source:- ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Official tourism site
- Official tourism site
- Internet users, Mobile subscriptions:ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
Crime & Safety
- Homicide rate2024
- 0 per 100,000 peopleVery low by global standards
- Crime rates
- 1 offence category
Offence Per 100,000 Count Year Homicide (victims) 0.0 0 2024 A low figure can also mean weak recording.
Source:- UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
- Prison population2021
- 249.6 per 100,000 people
- Persons held
- 92
Source:- UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
- Homicide rate, Crime rates, Prison population:UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
Health
- Life expectancy2026
- 83.9 years
- Infant mortality2026
- 8.0 per 1,000 live births
- Life expectancy, Infant mortality:UN World Population Prospects ↗
Environment
- CO₂ emissions2024
- 0.64 Mt per yearup 0.9 percent on the previous year0.9% from 2023
- CO₂ per capita
- 18.1 t per personWorld Rank8thof 207
- Share of global CO₂
- < 0.01%
- Methane (CH₄)
- 0.02 Mt CO₂-eq
- Nitrous oxide (N₂O)
- 0.01 Mt CO₂-eq
- All greenhouse gases
- 0.66 Mt CO₂-eq
Source:- Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ↗ - European Commission, Joint Research Centre
- 2024
- 8.7 µg/m³ of PM2.50.4 years of life expectancy lost against the WHO guidelineMost polluted145thof 236
- WHO guideline
- 5 µg/m³
Source:- Air Quality Life Index ↗ - Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago
- Environmental issues
- limited natural freshwater resources
- CO₂ emissions:Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ↗ - European Commission, Joint Research Centre
- Air pollution:Air Quality Life Index ↗ - Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago
- Environmental issues:The World Factbook: Gibraltar - CIA
Food & Water
Energy
- Energy consumption2024
- Per capita
- 5,419.1 GJ per person
- Share of world total
- 0.03%
- Supply
- No domestic productionconsumes 0.2 EJ in 2024
Source:- International Energy Statistics ↗ - U.S. Energy Information Administration
- Electricity2024
- Trade ended, last exchange reported in 19930.2 TWh generated per year
- Generation
- 0.2 TWh per year
- Consumption
- 0.2 TWh per year
Source:- International Energy Statistics ↗ - U.S. Energy Information Administration
- Oil, gas & coal
- No domestic productionconsumes 88,207 b/d in 2024Consumption202488,207 b/d
Oil imports and exports count crude oil only.
- Energy consumption, Electricity, Oil, gas & coal:International Energy Statistics ↗ - U.S. Energy Information Administration