National Identity
- Official name
- Brunei Darussalam
- Official name (in Malay, Latin script)
- Negara Brunei Darussalam
- Official name (in Malay, Arabic script)
- نڬارا بروني دارالسلام
- Name etymology
derivation of the name is unclear; the name may come from the Sanskrit word bhumi, meaning "land" or "region"
Sources:- About Brunei Darussalam ↗ - Information Department, Prime Minister's Office - Brunei Darussalam
- The World Factbook: Brunei - CIA
- National emblem
- National flag
Translated from the Information Department of Brunei Darussalam The national flag, which is in the shape of a true rectangle, is divided into four parts - two slanting rectangles and two irregular rectangles. [...] The slanting rectangles that divide the true rectangle have formed two irregular rectangles, namely one on the upper side of the flag and another on the lower side, and the one below is opposite in shape to the one on the upper side.
The slanting rectangle is divided into two further parts that are not equal in size [...] In the centre of the flag is placed the state emblem, which is red in colour. [...] Four colours have been included in the flag: red for the emblem, yellow for the irregular rectangles, white for the upper slanting rectangle and black for the lower slanting rectangle.
Unofficial translation by WorldometerTranslated from the Information Department of Brunei Darussalam The choice of these colours is a sign to show that the parties who gave their consent to the agreement, namely yellow, white and black, have been united in the new flag.
Unofficial translation by WorldometerTranslated from the Information Department of Brunei Darussalam The state motto is incorporated in the emblem: Written in Arabic in yellow, it means 'Always Doing Good Deeds With the Guidance of Allah.'
Unofficial translation by WorldometerTranslated from the Information Department of Brunei Darussalam Before 1906 Brunei Darussalam did not have a national flag, but individual flags or personal banners were widely used. Among these individual flags, the flags of the Sultan and his viziers were the most important.
Unofficial translation by WorldometerTranslated from the Information Department of Brunei Darussalam The personal flag of the Pengiran Bendahara was white. Green for the Pengiran Digadong, black for the Pengiran Pemancha and red for the Pengiran Temenggong.
Unofficial translation by WorldometerTranslated from the Information Department of Brunei Darussalam When Brunei signed the agreement of 1906, it was realised that the country must have a state flag so as to be in line with other countries.
Proposals were put forward and drawings were made of the planned flag. Finally the present form of the flag, coloured yellow, white and black, was agreed upon.
The choice of these colours is a sign to show that the parties who gave their consent to the agreement, namely yellow, white and black, have been united in the new flag.
The reason the colours of the flags of the other viziers were not included in the new flag is that at that time only two viziers were still alive, namely those who signed the agreement. The Pengiran Digadong and the Pengiran Temenggong had passed away and their offices had not yet been filled.
Unofficial translation by WorldometerTranslated from the Information Department of Brunei Darussalam The emblem was imprinted in 1959 after the Proclamation of the Constitution dated 29 September 1959.
Unofficial translation by WorldometerSource:- information.gov.bn ↗ - the Information Department of Brunei Darussalam
- National anthem
- Allah Peliharakan Sultan (لله فليهاراكن سلطن)1:05
- Title (in Malay, Arabic script)
- لله فليهاراكن سلطن
- Title (in Malay, Romanized)
- Allah Peliharakan Sultan
- Title (in English, translated)
- God Bless His Majesty
- Lyrics
يا ﷲ لنجوتكنله اوسيا كباوه دولي يڠ مها مليا عاديل بردولت منأوڠي نوسا مميمڤين رعيت ككل بهاڬيا هيدوڤ سنتوسا نڬارا دان سلطان الهي سلامتكن بروني دارالسلام
Source: - Citizens
- Bruneians
- Official name:About Brunei Darussalam ↗ - Information Department, Prime Minister's Office - Brunei Darussalam
- Official name, Citizens:The World Factbook: Brunei - CIA
- National flag:information.gov.bn ↗ - the Information Department of Brunei Darussalam
- National anthem:nationalanthems.info ↗
Geography
- Location
- Southeastern Asia, along the northern coast of the island of Borneo, bordering the South China Sea and Malaysia
- Total area
- 5,765 km²
- Land area
- 5,265 km²
- Water area
- 500 km²
- Land borders
- 266 km(1 country)
- Malaysia
- 266 km
Source:- The World Factbook: Brunei - CIA
- Coastline
- 161 km
- Terrain
Flat coastal plain rises to mountains in east; hilly lowland in west - Mean elevation
- 478 m
- Highest point
- 1,850 mBukit Pagon
- Lowest point
- 0 mSouth China Sea
- Climate
Tropical hot, humid, rainy - Avg. temperature
- 26.3 °C
- Avg. daily range
- 23.4 to 30.5 °C
- Annual precipitation
- 2,925 mm
Temperature °CMeanDaily rangePrecipitation mmMonthly climate normals Month Avg. high, °C Mean, °C Avg. low, °C Precipitation, mm January 29.6 25.8 23.2 269 February 29.8 25.9 23.2 207 March 30.4 26.3 23.4 209 April 30.9 26.7 23.7 242 May 31.1 26.9 23.9 241 June 30.8 26.7 23.7 219 July 30.8 26.5 23.4 205 August 30.9 26.6 23.5 211 September 30.8 26.4 23.4 231 October 30.3 26.1 23.2 283 November 30.2 26.1 23.3 305 December 29.9 26 23.3 303 Country-wide averages over 1991–2020.
Sources:- The World Factbook: Brunei - CIA
- Climate Change Knowledge Portal (ERA5 reanalysis) ↗ - World Bank
- Weather
- Loading
- Land use2023
- Arable0.8%Perm. crops1.1%Pasture0.6%Forest72.1%Other25.4%
- Arable land
- 4,000 hectares (0.8%)
- Permanent crops
- 6,000 hectares (1.1%)
- Permanent meadows & pastures
- 3,400 hectares (0.6%)
- Forest
- 380,000 hectares (72.1%)
- Other land
- 133,600 hectares (25.4%)
Source: - Natural hazards2026
- Epidemics5.6High#71/191River floods4.8Medium#101/191Coastal floods3.3Low#98/191Drought2.1Very low#123/191Tsunamis1.9Very low#89/191Earthquakes0.1Very low#127/191Tropical cyclones0.0Very low
Scores out of 10, ranks out of 191 countries.
Source:- INFORM Risk Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
- Location, Land borders, Coastline, Terrain, Mean elevation, Highest point, Lowest point, Climate:The World Factbook: Brunei - CIA
- Climate:Climate Change Knowledge Portal (ERA5 reanalysis) ↗ - World Bank
- Land use:FAOSTAT Land Use domain ↗ - FAO
- Natural hazards:INFORM Risk Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
Demographics
- Population change2026
- +0.74% per year+3,445 people/yearWorld Rank119thof 237
- Birth rate
- 12.7 per 1,000 population
- Death rate
- 5.6 per 1,000 population
- Net migration rate
- 0.0 per 1,000 population
- 2026
- 33.2 yearsWorld Rank123rdof 237
- Age structure2026
- 0-14 years20.4%15-64 years72.0%65 years +7.6%
- Share aged 65 and over
- 7.6%
- Share aged under 18
- 24.4%
- Total dependency ratio
- 39
- Youth dependency ratio
- 28
- Elderly dependency ratio
- 11
- Sex ratio
- 1.13 male / female
MaleAgeFemalePopulation by age group, % of total population Age Male Female 80+ 0.4% 0.5% 70-79 1.6% 1.8% 60-69 3.7% 3.8% 50-59 6.3% 5.8% 40-49 8.8% 7.0% 30-39 9.8% 7.6% 20-29 8.3% 7.3% 10-19 7.2% 6.6% 0-9 6.9% 6.4% - 2026
- 0.40 below the replacement level for Brunei Darussalam ()1.70 births per womanreplacement 2.10123World Rank138thof 237
- 0.80 daughters per woman0.20 below replacement, long-run each generation smaller than the lastreplacement 1.000.511.5
- 2026
- +7.2 per 1,000 populationfor every 1,000 people, 7.2 more births than deaths a year
- 2026
- 0.0 per 1,000 population
- Urbanization2026
- 75.2% live in 353,072 urban residents
- Largest places2021
- Bandar Seri Begawan, Kuala Belait, Seria, Bukit BeruangRankPlacePopulation (2021 census)1Bandar Seri Begawan266,6822Kuala Belait27,8193Seria16,3404Bukit Beruang9,8355Tutong8,5966Lumut7,6407Mulaut5,9818Lugu5,7959Tanjong Nangka3,83810Masin3,129Source:
- Department of Economic Planning and Development, Brunei (2021 census), via City Population by Thomas Brinkhoff ↗
- Population distribution
- The vast majority of the population is found along the coast in the western part of Brunei, which is separated from the eastern portion by Malaysia; the largest population concentration is in the far north on the western side of the Brunei Bay, in and around the capital of Bandar Seri Begawan.
- Ethnic groups2021
- Malay67.4%Chinese9.6%Other23.0%
- Religions2021
- Muslim82.1%Christian6.7%Buddhist6.3%Other4.9%
Islam is the official religion.
Source:- The World Factbook: Brunei - CIA
- Languages
- Malay (Bahasa Melayu, Latin and Arabic scripts)
- Population, Population change, Median age, Age structure, Total fertility rate, Net reproduction rate, Natural change, Net migration rate:UN World Population Prospects ↗
- Urbanization:UN World Urbanization Prospects ↗
- Largest cities:Department of Economic Planning and Development, Brunei (2021 census), via City Population by Thomas Brinkhoff ↗
- Population distribution, Ethnic groups, Religions:The World Factbook: Brunei - CIA
Government & Administration
- Form of state
- Absolute monarchyThe Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan holds supreme executive authority; the Constitution names the form only as the national philosophy "Melayu Islam Beraja" (Malay Islamic Monarchy), and succession is set by a separate proclamation (Arts. 4, 54).
- System of government
- Unified authorityThe Sultan is also Prime Minister, ministers are responsible solely to him, and he may prorogue or dissolve the Legislative Council at any time; the text has no confidence or censure provision (Arts. 4, 55).
- Territorial organisation
- Unitary
- Official websites
- Capital
- Bandar Seri Begawan266,682 people(2021)
- National holidays
- 18 days in 2026
- ThuJan 1New Year's Day
- SatJan 17Isra' and Mi'raj
- TueFeb 17Lunar New Year
- ThuFeb 19First Day of Ramadan
- MonFeb 23National Day
- SatMar 7Anniversary of the revelation of the Quran
- SatMar 21Eid al-Fitr
- SunMar 22Eid al-Fitr
- MonMar 23Eid al-Fitr
- TueMar 24Eid al-Fitr (observed)
- WedMay 27Eid al-Adha
- SunMay 31Armed Forces Day
- MonJun 1Armed Forces Day (observed)
- WedJun 17Islamic New Year
- WedJul 15Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah's Birthday
- TueAug 25Prophet's Birthday
- FriDec 25Christmas Day
- SatDec 26Christmas Day (observed)
Nationwide public holidays only, excluding regional, bank and government-only days.
- Time
- GMT+8Brunei TimeUTC+8
- Currency
- Brunei Dollar (BND)
- Entry requirements
- Official visa and entry information
- Calling code
- +673
- Internet TLD
- .bn
- ISO 3166-1 codes
- BN, BRN
- Infrastructure
- Passengers carried
- 820,886 by the country's airlines(2023)
- Heliports
- 14
- Aircraft departures
- 7,522 by the country's airlines(2023)
- Air freight
- 45.9 million tonne-km(2023)
- Aircraft registration prefix
- V8
Sources:- The World Factbook: Brunei - CIA
- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Flag carrier
- Royal Brunei AirlinesState-owned
- 2025
- 63 / 100World Rank31stof 182Confidence interval
Corruption index score by year Year Score Lower bound Upper bound 2012 55 40 70 2013 60 43 77 2016 58 43 72 2017 62 48 76 2018 63 52 74 2019 60 50 70 2020 60 50.8 69.2 2025 63 53.8 72.2 Source:- Corruption Perceptions Index 2025 ↗ - Transparency International, CC BY 4.0
- Form of state, System of government, Territorial organisation:Constitution of Brunei Darussalam, Laws of Brunei, Constitutional Matters I, Revised Edition 2022 (B.L.R.O. 2/2022) ↗ - Attorney General's Chambers of Brunei Darussalam
- National holidays:Open World Holidays Framework (vacanza/holidays) ↗
- Infrastructure:The World Factbook: Brunei - CIA
- Infrastructure:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Corruption Perceptions Index:Corruption Perceptions Index 2025 ↗ - Transparency International, CC BY 4.0
Economy
- High income
- GDP growth (real)2026
- +1.9% per yearWorld Rank134thof 195
- GDP per capita (PPP)2026
- GDP per capita (nominal)
- $40,613 (38th in the world)
Source:- 2025
- Services40.2% of GDPIndustry60% of GDPAgriculture1.2% of GDPManufacturing9.9%part of industry
- Households
- +29.3%
- Government
- +23.8%
- Investment
- +27.1%
- Exports
- +71.6%
- Imports
- −52%
The shape of the economyGDP by end useSource:- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Inflation2026
- 0.8%up 1.1 percentage points1.1pp from 2025
- Labor force2024
- 236,334 (51% of population)World Rank174thof 187
- Labor force participation2024
- 64.5% of people aged 15+
- Unemployment2024
- 5.2%
- Youth unemployment2024
- 17.9% ages 15 to 24
- Labor productivity2024
- $70.2 per hour worked at PPP
- Budget balance2026
- 12.7% of GDP deficit
- Current account
- 23.7% of GDP, $4.5 billion surplus
Source: - Debt2024
- Central government debt2.3% of GDP
- Trade2025
- Goods$10.3 billion95.7%
- Services$463.2 million4.3%
- Total exports
- $10.8 billion
- Change from 2024
- down 6.3 percent on the previous year6.3%
Sources:- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- The World Factbook: Brunei - CIA
- Agricultural products2024
- Broad beans and horse beans (green), Meat of chickens (fresh or chilled), Hen eggs in shell (fresh), and 6 more
- 1Broad beans and horse beans (green)183×
- 2Meat of chickens (fresh or chilled)33.7×
- 3Hen eggs in shell (fresh)15.2×
- 4Pineapples6.3×
- 5Spinach3.9×
- 6Cucumbers and gherkins2.9×
- 7Bananas2.1×
- 8Meat of cattle with the bone (fresh or chilled)2.1×
- 9Rice0.7×
ProductSource:- FAOSTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Industries
- petroleum, petroleum refining, liquefied natural gas, construction, agriculture, aquaculture, transportation
- Income level, GDP by sector, Trade:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- GDP (nominal), GDP growth (real), GDP per capita (PPP), Inflation, Budget balance:IMF World Economic Outlook ↗
- Labor force, Labor force participation, Unemployment, Youth unemployment, Labor productivity:ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
- Debt:IMF Global Debt Database ↗
- Trade, Industries:The World Factbook: Brunei - CIA
- Agricultural products:FAOSTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
Cost of Living
- Cost of living index
- Loading
- Monthly costs (excluding rent)
- Loading
- Rent
- Loading
- Buying an apartment
- Loading
- Average gross salary2014latest available
- BND 1,799 per month$1,420 (USD), $2,376 (PPP)
- Median
- BND 1,115 per month($880)
- Men
- BND 1,887 per month($1,489)
- Women
- BND 1,685 per month($1,330)
Source:- ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
- Average gross salary:ILOSTAT ↗ - International Labour Organization
Society
- 2023
- 0.837Very highWorld Rank60thof 193BruneiWorld
Human Development Index by year Year Brunei World 1990 0.781 0.608 1991 0.782 0.611 1992 0.782 0.614 1993 0.783 0.617 1994 0.782 0.620 1995 0.784 0.625 1996 0.784 0.631 1997 0.785 0.636 1998 0.785 0.641 1999 0.790 0.646 2000 0.792 0.651 2001 0.794 0.657 2002 0.798 0.662 2003 0.804 0.669 2004 0.810 0.675 2005 0.814 0.681 2006 0.819 0.688 2007 0.822 0.694 2008 0.824 0.698 2009 0.828 0.701 2010 0.830 0.707 2011 0.834 0.713 2012 0.841 0.717 2013 0.842 0.721 2014 0.841 0.726 2015 0.839 0.731 2016 0.838 0.735 2017 0.837 0.739 2018 0.837 0.741 2019 0.835 0.745 2020 0.836 0.742 2021 0.835 0.742 2022 0.825 0.752 2023 0.837 0.756 Source:- Human Development Report ↗ - United Nations Development Programme
- Mean years of schooling2023
- 9.3 years
- Expected for a child today
- 13.7 years
Source:- Human Development Report ↗ - United Nations Development Programme
- Literacy2011latest available
- 96.1% of adults
- Education expenditure2016latest available
- 4.4% of GDP
- Share of government spending
- 11.4%
Source:- World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Internet users2024
- 96.3% of the population
- Households with Internet access
- 94.1%
Source:- ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Mobile subscriptions2024
- 546,615
- Fixed telephone lines
- 128,276
- Fixed broadband
- 21.2 subscriptions per 100 people
Counts subscriptions, not people.
Source:- ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Refugees hosted2025
- 0 people
- Stateless persons
- 20,863
- Refugees from Brunei Darussalam abroad
- 5
Source:- Refugee Data Finder ↗ - UN Refugee Agency
- Inbound tourists2021latest available
- 3,500 arrivalsdown 99% against 201999% below 2019Official tourism site
- Per resident
- 0.8 arrivals per 100 residents
- Same-day visitors
- 1,500 arrivals(2020, latest available)
- $299.5 million(2024)
- 0.8% tourism direct GDP(2016, latest available)
- $584.8 million(2024)
- Hotel beds
- 7,287
Overnight arrivals by year2010 to 2021A tourist stays at least one night. Arrivals count trips, not people.
Source:- UN Tourism Data Dashboard ↗ - UN Tourism
- Human Development Index, Mean years of schooling:Human Development Report ↗ - United Nations Development Programme
- Literacy:UIS Data Browser ↗ - UNESCO Institute for Statistics
- Education expenditure:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Internet users, Mobile subscriptions:ITU DataHub ↗ - International Telecommunication Union
- Refugees hosted:Refugee Data Finder ↗ - UN Refugee Agency
- Inbound tourists:UN Tourism Data Dashboard ↗ - UN Tourism
Crime & Safety
- Travel advisory (US)
- Loading
- Active humanitarian crisisAug 2026
- None - no active crisis
- Homicide rate2013
- 0.5 per 100,000 peopleVery low by global standards
- Crime rates
- 1 offence category
Offence Per 100,000 Count Year Homicide (victims) 0.5 2 2013 A low figure can also mean weak recording.
Source:- UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
- Prison population2022
- 139.7 per 100,000 people
- Persons held
- 636
Source:- UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
- Active humanitarian crisis:INFORM Severity Index ↗ - European Commission Joint Research Centre
- Homicide rate, Crime rates, Prison population:UNODC Data Portal ↗ - UN Office on Drugs and Crime
Health
- Life expectancy2026
- 75.8 years
- Health expenditure2023
- 2.2% of GDP$733 per person
- Physicians2021
- 1.89 per 1,000 population
- Hospital beds2023
- 3.6 per 1,000 population
- Infant mortality2026
- 7.3 per 1,000 live births
- Maternal mortality2023
- 36 per 100,000 live births
- Alcohol consumption2022
- 0.7 litres of pure alcohol per adult per year
- Tobacco use2023
- 14.6% of adults
- Men
- 27%
- Women
- 2.2%
Source:- Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Road traffic deaths2019
- 7.5 per 100,000 population
- Life expectancy, Infant mortality:UN World Population Prospects ↗
- Health expenditure, Physicians, Hospital beds, Road traffic deaths:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Maternal mortality:Maternal mortality estimates ↗ - UN Maternal Mortality Estimation Inter-agency Group
- Alcohol consumption, Tobacco use:Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
Environment
- CO₂ emissions2024
- 9.37 Mt per yeardown 3.5 percent on the previous year3.5% from 2023
- CO₂ per capita
- 20.2 t per personWorld Rank5thof 207
- Share of global CO₂
- 0.02%
- Methane (CH₄)
- 1.8 Mt CO₂-eq
- Nitrous oxide (N₂O)
- 0.43 Mt CO₂-eq
- Fluorinated gases
- 0.27 Mt CO₂-eq
- All greenhouse gases
- 11.9 Mt CO₂-eq
Source:- Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ↗ - European Commission, Joint Research Centre
- 2024
- 8.5 µg/m³ of PM2.50.3 years of life expectancy lost against the WHO guidelineMost polluted148thof 236
- WHO guideline
- 5 µg/m³
Source:- Air Quality Life Index ↗ - Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago
- Environmental issues
- air pollution, including seasonal haze from forest fires in Indonesia
- International agreements
- 12 of 20 landmark treaties in forceParty to 40 multilateral environmental agreements
Treaty Standing Joined Climate Paris Agreement in force 2016 UN Framework Convention on Climate Change in force 2007 Kyoto Protocol in force 2009 Ozone layer Montreal Protocol in force 1993 Vienna Convention (Ozone Layer) in force 1990 Biodiversity Convention on Biological Diversity in force 2008 CITES in force 1990 Convention on Migratory Species (Bonn) not a party Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety not a party Nagoya Protocol not a party Land and heritage Ramsar Convention on Wetlands not a party World Heritage Convention in force 2011 UN Convention to Combat Desertification in force 2003 Chemicals and waste Basel Convention in force 2003 Rotterdam Convention (PIC) not a party Stockholm Convention (POPs) signed 2002, not ratified Minamata Convention on Mercury not a party Oceans UN Convention on the Law of the Sea in force 1996 High Seas Treaty (BBNJ) signed 2025, not ratified MARPOL 73/78 in force 1987 Source:- International Environmental Agreements Database ↗ - Université Laval
- CO₂ emissions:Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) ↗ - European Commission, Joint Research Centre
- Air pollution:Air Quality Life Index ↗ - Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago
- Environmental issues:The World Factbook: Brunei - CIA
- International agreements:International Environmental Agreements Database ↗ - Université Laval
Food & Water
- Renewable water2022
- 8.5 billion m³ per year
- Per person
- 18,666 m³ per year
- Dependency ratio
- 0% originates outside the country
- Annual water withdrawal
- 0.1 billion m³ per year
- Withdrawn for agriculture
- 6%
- Water stress
- 3% of available freshwater withdrawn
Source:- AQUASTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Undernourishment2022
- 5.9% of the population
- Obesity2024
- 37.1% of adults
- Men
- 33.5%
- Women
- 41.2%
Source:- Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Underweight children2009latest available
- 9.7% of children under five
- Renewable water:AQUASTAT ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Undernourishment:Food security indicators (FAOSTAT) ↗ - Food and Agriculture Organization
- Obesity:Global Health Observatory ↗ - World Health Organization
- Underweight children:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
Energy
- Energy consumption2024
- Per capita
- 439.1 GJ per person
- Share of world total
- 0.03%
- Supply
- Surplusproduces 3.1× what it consumes, 2024
Source:- International Energy Statistics ↗ - U.S. Energy Information Administration
- Electricity2024
- No electricity trade5.6 TWh generated per year
- Generation
- 5.6 TWh per year
- Consumption
- 4.8 TWh per year
Source:- International Energy Statistics ↗ - U.S. Energy Information Administration
- Oil, gas & coal
- Surplusproduces 6.3× what it consumes, 2024Oil reserves20251.1 billion barrelsWorld Rank40thof 99Exports2018103,080 b/d
Oil imports and exports count crude oil only.
- Energy consumption, Electricity, Oil, gas & coal:International Energy Statistics ↗ - U.S. Energy Information Administration
- Oil, gas & coal:Worldwide Oil and Gas Survey ↗ - Oil & Gas Journal
Defense
- Military expenditure2024
- 3.6% of GDP$558.6 million, 12.1% of government spending
- Military personnel2025
- approximately 7,000active Armed Forces
- Military service2025
- Voluntaryages 18–25
The Gurkha Reserve Unit (GRU) employs hundreds of Gurkhas from Nepal, the majority of whom are veterans of the British Army and the Singapore Police Force who have joined the GRU as a second career.
Source:- The World Factbook: Brunei - CIA
- Nuclear weapons2026
- None - no nuclear arsenal
- Military expenditure:SIPRI Military Expenditure Database ↗ - Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
- Military expenditure:World Development Indicators ↗ - World Bank
- Military personnel, Military service:The World Factbook: Brunei - CIA
- Nuclear weapons:Status of World Nuclear Forces ↗ - Federation of American Scientists
