Spain Demographics

Population of Spain (2026)

View live population, charts & trends: Population of Spain

Spain Population
47,850,793
see live
Yearly Change
−0.08%
Global Share
0.58%
Global Rank
34

Median Age

The median age in Spain is 46.3 years (2026).

Fertility in Spain

A Total Fertility Rate (TFR) of 2.1 represents the Replacement-Level Fertility : the average number of children per woman needed for each generation to exactly replace itself without needing international immigration. A value below 2.1 will cause the native population to decline


Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
1.24
(Live Births per Woman, 2026)

Life Expectancy in Spain

See also: Countries in the world ranked by Life Expectancy

Both Sexes
84.1
(life expectancy at birth, both sexes combined)
Females
86.7
(life expectancy at birth, females)
Males
81.4
(life expectancy at birth, males)


Infant Mortality Rate and Deaths of Children under 5 Years Old in Spain


Infant Mortality
2.1
(infant deaths per 1,000 live births)
Deaths under age 5
2.7
(per 1,000 live births)


Spain Urban Population

Currently, 80.7% of the population of Spain is urban (38,628,790 people in 2026)


Population Density

The 2026 population density in Spain is 96 people per km² (248 people per mi2), calculated on a total land area of 498,980 km² (192,657 sq. miles).

Largest Cities in Spain

The 30 largest of 153 cities, ranked by the population register of January 1, 2025 (by National Statistics Institute, Spain).

RankCityPopulation
1Madrid3,477,497
2Barcelona1,713,247
3Valencia841,558
4Zaragoza699,007
5Sevilla688,714
6Málaga597,173
7Murcia477,631
8Palma de Mallorca443,196
9Las Palmas de Gran Canaria384,023
10Alicante365,586
11Bilbao350,975
12Córdoba324,159
13Valladolid301,798
14Vigo295,735
15L'Hospitalet de Llobregat292,161
16Gijón271,259
17Vitoria-Gasteiz260,402
18A Coruña251,277
19Elche245,575
20Granada235,294
21Terrassa232,676
22Badalona230,642
23Sabadell224,589
24Oviedo223,576
25Cartagena220,400
26Jerez de la Frontera215,025
27Móstoles214,293
28Santa Cruz de Tenerife211,498
29Pamplona209,676
30Almería204,772
See all 153 cities in Spain

See also

Sources

Definitions

Population Pyramid

A Population pyramid (also called "Age-Sex Pyramid") is a graphical representation of the age and sex of a population.

Types:

  • Expansive - pyramid with a wide base (larger percentage of people in younger age groups, indicating high birth rates and high fertility rates) and narrow top (high death rate and lower life expectancies). It suggests a growing population. Example: Nigeria Population Pyramid
  • Constrictive - pyramid with a narrow base (lower percentage of younger people, indicating declining birth rates with each succeeding age group getting smaller than the previous one). Example: United States
  • Stationary - with a somewhat equal proportion of the population in each age group. The population is stable, neither increasing nor decreasing.

Stages:

Population pyramid stages

Dependency Ratio

There are three types of age dependency ratio: Youth, Elderly, and Total. All three ratios are commonly multiplied by 100.

Youth Dependency Ratio

Definition: population ages 0-15 divided by the population ages 16-64.

Formula: ([Population ages 0-15] ÷ [Population ages 16-64]) × 100

Elderly dependency ratio

Definition: population ages 65-plus divided by the population ages 16-64.

Formula: ([Population ages 65-plus] ÷ [Population ages 16-64]) × 100

Total dependency ratio

Definition: sum of the youth and old-age ratios.

Formula: (([Population ages 0-15] + [Population ages 65-plus]) ÷ [Population ages 16-64] ) × 100

NOTE: Dependency Ratio does not take into account labor force participation rates by age group. Some portion of the population counted as "working age" may actually be unemployed or not in the labor force whereas some portion of the "dependent" population may be employed and not necessarily economically dependent.