Mongolia Demographics

Population of Mongolia (2026)

View live population, charts & trends: Population of Mongolia

Mongolia Population
3,556,798
see live
Yearly Change
+1.13%
Global Share
0.04%
Global Rank
133

Median Age

The median age in Mongolia is 27.0 years (2026).

Fertility in Mongolia

A Total Fertility Rate (TFR) of 2.1 represents the Replacement-Level Fertility : the average number of children per woman needed for each generation to exactly replace itself without needing international immigration. A value below 2.1 will cause the native population to decline


Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
2.54
(Live Births per Woman, 2026)

Life Expectancy in Mongolia

See also: Countries in the world ranked by Life Expectancy

Both Sexes
72.5
(life expectancy at birth, both sexes combined)
Females
77.1
(life expectancy at birth, females)
Males
68.0
(life expectancy at birth, males)


Infant Mortality Rate and Deaths of Children under 5 Years Old in Mongolia


Infant Mortality
8.1
(infant deaths per 1,000 live births)
Deaths under age 5
10.0
(per 1,000 live births)


Mongolia Urban Population

Currently, 71.3% of the population of Mongolia is urban (2,536,872 people in 2026)


Population Density

The 2026 population density in Mongolia is 2 people per km² (6 people per mi2), calculated on a total land area of 1,553,556 km² (599,831 sq. miles).

Largest Cities and Urban Settlements in Mongolia

The 30 largest of 39 cities and urban settlements, ranked by population estimates for December 31, 2021 (by Mongolian National Statistical Office).

RankCity or Urban SettlementPopulation
1Ulaanbaatar1,466,431
2Erdenet102,141
3Darkhan84,429
4Choibalsan47,153
5Mörön42,423
6Ölgii39,711
7Nalaikh38,929
8Arvaikheer34,605
9Bayankhongor32,454
10Khovd31,980
11Ulaangom31,354
12Baganuur29,433
13Dalanzadgad28,854
14Sainshand27,405
15Öndörkhaan24,115
16Sükhbaatar22,412
17Tsetserleg20,881
18Baruun-Urt19,827
19Zamyn-Üüd18,995
20Altai17,514
21Zuunmod17,313
22Uliastai16,580
23Mandalgovi13,043
24Bulgan12,810
25Choir10,831
26Züünkharaa6,049
27Bagakhangai4,459
28Khatgal3,723
29Bugant3,258
30Khyalganat2,975
See all 39 cities and urban settlements in Mongolia

See also

Sources

Definitions

Population Pyramid

A Population pyramid (also called "Age-Sex Pyramid") is a graphical representation of the age and sex of a population.

Types:

  • Expansive - pyramid with a wide base (larger percentage of people in younger age groups, indicating high birth rates and high fertility rates) and narrow top (high death rate and lower life expectancies). It suggests a growing population. Example: Nigeria Population Pyramid
  • Constrictive - pyramid with a narrow base (lower percentage of younger people, indicating declining birth rates with each succeeding age group getting smaller than the previous one). Example: United States
  • Stationary - with a somewhat equal proportion of the population in each age group. The population is stable, neither increasing nor decreasing.

Stages:

Population pyramid stages

Dependency Ratio

There are three types of age dependency ratio: Youth, Elderly, and Total. All three ratios are commonly multiplied by 100.

Youth Dependency Ratio

Definition: population ages 0-15 divided by the population ages 16-64.

Formula: ([Population ages 0-15] ÷ [Population ages 16-64]) × 100

Elderly dependency ratio

Definition: population ages 65-plus divided by the population ages 16-64.

Formula: ([Population ages 65-plus] ÷ [Population ages 16-64]) × 100

Total dependency ratio

Definition: sum of the youth and old-age ratios.

Formula: (([Population ages 0-15] + [Population ages 65-plus]) ÷ [Population ages 16-64] ) × 100

NOTE: Dependency Ratio does not take into account labor force participation rates by age group. Some portion of the population counted as "working age" may actually be unemployed or not in the labor force whereas some portion of the "dependent" population may be employed and not necessarily economically dependent.