Thailand Demographics

Population of Thailand (2026)

View live population, charts & trends: Population of Thailand

Thailand Population
71,559,614
see live
Yearly Change
−0.08%
Global Share
0.86%
Global Rank
21

Median Age

The median age in Thailand is 41.0 years (2026).

Fertility in Thailand

A Total Fertility Rate (TFR) of 2.1 represents the Replacement-Level Fertility : the average number of children per woman needed for each generation to exactly replace itself without needing international immigration. A value below 2.1 will cause the native population to decline


Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
1.19
(Live Births per Woman, 2026)

Life Expectancy in Thailand

See also: Countries in the world ranked by Life Expectancy

Both Sexes
77.1
(life expectancy at birth, both sexes combined)
Females
81.4
(life expectancy at birth, females)
Males
72.9
(life expectancy at birth, males)


Infant Mortality Rate and Deaths of Children under 5 Years Old in Thailand


Infant Mortality
7.6
(infant deaths per 1,000 live births)
Deaths under age 5
9.6
(per 1,000 live births)


Thailand Urban Population

Currently, 63.7% of the population of Thailand is urban (45,600,307 people in 2026)


Population Density

The 2026 population density in Thailand is 140 people per km² (363 people per mi2), calculated on a total land area of 510,890 km² (197,256 sq. miles).

Largest Cities, Town and Communes in Thailand

The 30 largest of 177 cities, town and communes, ranked by population estimates for December 31, 2019 (by Department of Provincial Administration, Thailand).

RankCity, Town or CommunePopulation
1Bangkok5,666,264
2Nonthaburi254,375
3Pak Kret190,272
4Hat Yai156,802
5Chaophraya Surasak143,024
6Surat Thani132,040
7Udon Thani130,531
8Chiang Mai127,240
9Nakhon Ratchasima126,391
10Bang Pu120,127
11Pattaya119,532
12Khon Kaen114,459
13Nakhon Si Thammarat102,152
14Bang Mueang100,598
15Laem Chabang88,271
16Rangsit85,260
17Nong Prue85,194
18Nakhon Sawan82,305
19Phuket79,308
20Tha Khlong78,108
21Chiang Rai77,672
22Ubon Ratchathani74,977
23Nakhon Pathom74,446
24Puchao Saming Phrai73,232
25Lat Luang71,882
26Map Ta Phut70,714
27Ko Samui70,059
28Ban Suan69,298
29Samut Sakhon67,515
30Phitsanulok66,106
See all 177 cities, town and communes in Thailand

See also

Sources

Definitions

Population Pyramid

A Population pyramid (also called "Age-Sex Pyramid") is a graphical representation of the age and sex of a population.

Types:

  • Expansive - pyramid with a wide base (larger percentage of people in younger age groups, indicating high birth rates and high fertility rates) and narrow top (high death rate and lower life expectancies). It suggests a growing population. Example: Nigeria Population Pyramid
  • Constrictive - pyramid with a narrow base (lower percentage of younger people, indicating declining birth rates with each succeeding age group getting smaller than the previous one). Example: United States
  • Stationary - with a somewhat equal proportion of the population in each age group. The population is stable, neither increasing nor decreasing.

Stages:

Population pyramid stages

Dependency Ratio

There are three types of age dependency ratio: Youth, Elderly, and Total. All three ratios are commonly multiplied by 100.

Youth Dependency Ratio

Definition: population ages 0-15 divided by the population ages 16-64.

Formula: ([Population ages 0-15] ÷ [Population ages 16-64]) × 100

Elderly dependency ratio

Definition: population ages 65-plus divided by the population ages 16-64.

Formula: ([Population ages 65-plus] ÷ [Population ages 16-64]) × 100

Total dependency ratio

Definition: sum of the youth and old-age ratios.

Formula: (([Population ages 0-15] + [Population ages 65-plus]) ÷ [Population ages 16-64] ) × 100

NOTE: Dependency Ratio does not take into account labor force participation rates by age group. Some portion of the population counted as "working age" may actually be unemployed or not in the labor force whereas some portion of the "dependent" population may be employed and not necessarily economically dependent.