Slovakia Demographics

Population of Slovakia (2026)

View live population, charts & trends: Population of Slovakia

Slovakia Population
5,451,342
see live
Yearly Change
−0.43%
Global Share
0.07%
Global Rank
124

Median Age

The median age in Slovakia is 42.8 years (2026).

Fertility in Slovakia

A Total Fertility Rate (TFR) of 2.1 represents the Replacement-Level Fertility : the average number of children per woman needed for each generation to exactly replace itself without needing international immigration. A value below 2.1 will cause the native population to decline


Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
1.57
(Live Births per Woman, 2026)

Life Expectancy in Slovakia

See also: Countries in the world ranked by Life Expectancy

Both Sexes
78.8
(life expectancy at birth, both sexes combined)
Females
82.0
(life expectancy at birth, females)
Males
75.6
(life expectancy at birth, males)


Infant Mortality Rate and Deaths of Children under 5 Years Old in Slovakia


Infant Mortality
3.7
(infant deaths per 1,000 live births)
Deaths under age 5
4.5
(per 1,000 live births)


Slovakia Urban Population

Currently, 53.2% of the population of Slovakia is urban (2,899,964 people in 2026)


Population Density

The 2026 population density in Slovakia is 113 people per km² (294 people per mi2), calculated on a total land area of 48,105 km² (18,573 sq. miles).

Largest Cities and Towns in Slovakia

The 30 largest of 55 cities and towns, ranked by population estimates for December 31, 2025 (by Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic).

RankCity or TownPopulation
1Bratislava480,902
2Košice222,286
3Prešov81,223
4Žilina79,873
5Nitra75,301
6Banská Bystrica73,054
7Trnava63,184
8Trenčín54,104
9Martin50,153
10Poprad48,034
11Prievidza41,959
12Zvolen38,747
13Považská Bystrica36,690
14Nové Zámky35,628
15Michalovce34,894
16Spišská Nová Ves34,023
17Komárno31,560
18Levice30,161
19Liptovský Mikuláš29,710
20Bardejov29,495
21Humenné29,179
22Ružomberok26,099
23Piešťany26,086
24Lučenec24,427
25Pezinok24,340
26Topoľčany23,638
27Dunajská Streda22,720
28Trebišov22,706
29Čadca22,072
30Dubnica nad Váhom21,356
See all 55 cities and towns in Slovakia

See also

Sources

Definitions

Population Pyramid

A Population pyramid (also called "Age-Sex Pyramid") is a graphical representation of the age and sex of a population.

Types:

  • Expansive - pyramid with a wide base (larger percentage of people in younger age groups, indicating high birth rates and high fertility rates) and narrow top (high death rate and lower life expectancies). It suggests a growing population. Example: Nigeria Population Pyramid
  • Constrictive - pyramid with a narrow base (lower percentage of younger people, indicating declining birth rates with each succeeding age group getting smaller than the previous one). Example: United States
  • Stationary - with a somewhat equal proportion of the population in each age group. The population is stable, neither increasing nor decreasing.

Stages:

Population pyramid stages

Dependency Ratio

There are three types of age dependency ratio: Youth, Elderly, and Total. All three ratios are commonly multiplied by 100.

Youth Dependency Ratio

Definition: population ages 0-15 divided by the population ages 16-64.

Formula: ([Population ages 0-15] ÷ [Population ages 16-64]) × 100

Elderly dependency ratio

Definition: population ages 65-plus divided by the population ages 16-64.

Formula: ([Population ages 65-plus] ÷ [Population ages 16-64]) × 100

Total dependency ratio

Definition: sum of the youth and old-age ratios.

Formula: (([Population ages 0-15] + [Population ages 65-plus]) ÷ [Population ages 16-64] ) × 100

NOTE: Dependency Ratio does not take into account labor force participation rates by age group. Some portion of the population counted as "working age" may actually be unemployed or not in the labor force whereas some portion of the "dependent" population may be employed and not necessarily economically dependent.