Romania Demographics

Population of Romania (2026)

View live population, charts & trends: Population of Romania

Romania Population
18,800,605
see live
Yearly Change
−0.57%
Global Share
0.23%
Global Rank
70

Median Age

The median age in Romania is 43.5 years (2026).

Fertility in Romania

A Total Fertility Rate (TFR) of 2.1 represents the Replacement-Level Fertility : the average number of children per woman needed for each generation to exactly replace itself without needing international immigration. A value below 2.1 will cause the native population to decline


Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
1.71
(Live Births per Woman, 2026)

Life Expectancy in Romania

See also: Countries in the world ranked by Life Expectancy

Both Sexes
76.4
(life expectancy at birth, both sexes combined)
Females
79.9
(life expectancy at birth, females)
Males
72.9
(life expectancy at birth, males)


Infant Mortality Rate and Deaths of Children under 5 Years Old in Romania


Infant Mortality
4.8
(infant deaths per 1,000 live births)
Deaths under age 5
5.9
(per 1,000 live births)


Romania Urban Population

Currently, 52.2% of the population of Romania is urban (9,810,445 people in 2026)


Population Density

The 2026 population density in Romania is 82 people per km² (212 people per mi2), calculated on a total land area of 229,891 km² (88,761 sq. miles).

Largest Cities, Towns and Communes in Romania

The 30 largest of 153 cities, towns and communes, ranked by population at the census of December 1, 2021 (by National Institute of Statistics, Romania).

RankCity, Town or CommunePopulation
1Bucharest1,716,961
2Cluj-Napoca286,598
3Iași271,692
4Constanța263,688
5Timișoara250,849
6Brașov237,589
7Craiova234,140
8Galați217,851
9Oradea183,105
10Ploiești180,540
11Brăila154,686
12Arad145,078
13Pitești141,275
14Bacău136,087
15Sibiu134,309
16Târgu Mureș116,033
17Baia Mare108,759
18Buzău103,481
19Râmnicu Vâlcea93,151
20Satu Mare91,520
21Botoșani90,010
22Suceava84,322
23Drobeta-Turnu Severin79,865
24Piatra Neamț79,679
25Bistrița78,877
26Târgu Jiu73,545
27Târgoviște66,965
28Focșani66,648
29Tulcea65,624
30Alba Iulia64,227
See all 153 cities, towns and communes in Romania

See also

Sources

Definitions

Population Pyramid

A Population pyramid (also called "Age-Sex Pyramid") is a graphical representation of the age and sex of a population.

Types:

  • Expansive - pyramid with a wide base (larger percentage of people in younger age groups, indicating high birth rates and high fertility rates) and narrow top (high death rate and lower life expectancies). It suggests a growing population. Example: Nigeria Population Pyramid
  • Constrictive - pyramid with a narrow base (lower percentage of younger people, indicating declining birth rates with each succeeding age group getting smaller than the previous one). Example: United States
  • Stationary - with a somewhat equal proportion of the population in each age group. The population is stable, neither increasing nor decreasing.

Stages:

Population pyramid stages

Dependency Ratio

There are three types of age dependency ratio: Youth, Elderly, and Total. All three ratios are commonly multiplied by 100.

Youth Dependency Ratio

Definition: population ages 0-15 divided by the population ages 16-64.

Formula: ([Population ages 0-15] ÷ [Population ages 16-64]) × 100

Elderly dependency ratio

Definition: population ages 65-plus divided by the population ages 16-64.

Formula: ([Population ages 65-plus] ÷ [Population ages 16-64]) × 100

Total dependency ratio

Definition: sum of the youth and old-age ratios.

Formula: (([Population ages 0-15] + [Population ages 65-plus]) ÷ [Population ages 16-64] ) × 100

NOTE: Dependency Ratio does not take into account labor force participation rates by age group. Some portion of the population counted as "working age" may actually be unemployed or not in the labor force whereas some portion of the "dependent" population may be employed and not necessarily economically dependent.