Luxembourg Demographics

Population of Luxembourg (2026)

View live population, charts & trends: Population of Luxembourg

Luxembourg Population
687,448
see live
Yearly Change
+1.03%
Global Share
0.01%
Global Rank
169

Median Age

The median age in Luxembourg is 39.7 years (2026).

Fertility in Luxembourg

A Total Fertility Rate (TFR) of 2.1 represents the Replacement-Level Fertility : the average number of children per woman needed for each generation to exactly replace itself without needing international immigration. A value below 2.1 will cause the native population to decline


Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
1.41
(Live Births per Woman, 2026)

Life Expectancy in Luxembourg

See also: Countries in the world ranked by Life Expectancy

Both Sexes
82.6
(life expectancy at birth, both sexes combined)
Females
84.2
(life expectancy at birth, females)
Males
81.1
(life expectancy at birth, males)


Infant Mortality Rate and Deaths of Children under 5 Years Old in Luxembourg


Infant Mortality
2.7
(infant deaths per 1,000 live births)
Deaths under age 5
3.5
(per 1,000 live births)


Luxembourg Urban Population

Currently, 94.9% of the population of Luxembourg is urban (652,543 people in 2026)


Population Density

The 2026 population density in Luxembourg is 266 people per km² (689 people per mi2), calculated on a total land area of 2,586 km² (998 sq. miles).

Largest Communes in Luxembourg

The 30 largest of 60 communes, ranked by population estimates for January 1, 2026 (by Luxembourg Statistics Portal). A commune is a municipality, so its figure includes every village and rural area within its boundaries.

RankCommunePopulation
1Luxembourg137,678
2Esch-sur-Alzette38,275
3Differdange31,421
4Dudelange22,379
5Pétange21,290
6Sanem19,611
7Hesperange17,264
8Schifflange11,674
9Bettembourg11,651
10Mamer11,583
11KäerjengBascharage & Clemency11,343
12Mersch10,888
13Strassen10,831
14Ettelbruck10,212
15Kayl9,989
16Bertrange9,489
17Walferdange9,256
18Junglinster9,139
19Wiltz8,538
20Kehlen7,449
21Diekirch7,398
22Mondercange7,312
23Roeser7,184
24Niederanven7,161
25Clervaux6,327
26Steinsel6,186
27Steinfort6,154
28Echternach6,031
29Rumelange5,767
30Mertert5,685
See all 60 communes in Luxembourg

See also

Sources

Definitions

Population Pyramid

A Population pyramid (also called "Age-Sex Pyramid") is a graphical representation of the age and sex of a population.

Types:

  • Expansive - pyramid with a wide base (larger percentage of people in younger age groups, indicating high birth rates and high fertility rates) and narrow top (high death rate and lower life expectancies). It suggests a growing population. Example: Nigeria Population Pyramid
  • Constrictive - pyramid with a narrow base (lower percentage of younger people, indicating declining birth rates with each succeeding age group getting smaller than the previous one). Example: United States
  • Stationary - with a somewhat equal proportion of the population in each age group. The population is stable, neither increasing nor decreasing.

Stages:

Population pyramid stages

Dependency Ratio

There are three types of age dependency ratio: Youth, Elderly, and Total. All three ratios are commonly multiplied by 100.

Youth Dependency Ratio

Definition: population ages 0-15 divided by the population ages 16-64.

Formula: ([Population ages 0-15] ÷ [Population ages 16-64]) × 100

Elderly dependency ratio

Definition: population ages 65-plus divided by the population ages 16-64.

Formula: ([Population ages 65-plus] ÷ [Population ages 16-64]) × 100

Total dependency ratio

Definition: sum of the youth and old-age ratios.

Formula: (([Population ages 0-15] + [Population ages 65-plus]) ÷ [Population ages 16-64] ) × 100

NOTE: Dependency Ratio does not take into account labor force participation rates by age group. Some portion of the population counted as "working age" may actually be unemployed or not in the labor force whereas some portion of the "dependent" population may be employed and not necessarily economically dependent.