Germany Demographics

Population of Germany (2026)

View live population, charts & trends: Population of Germany

Germany Population
83,644,258
see live
Yearly Change
−0.51%
Global Share
1.0%
Global Rank
19

Median Age

The median age in Germany is 45.7 years (2026).

Fertility in Germany

A Total Fertility Rate (TFR) of 2.1 represents the Replacement-Level Fertility : the average number of children per woman needed for each generation to exactly replace itself without needing international immigration. A value below 2.1 will cause the native population to decline


Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
1.46
(Live Births per Woman, 2026)

Life Expectancy in Germany

See also: Countries in the world ranked by Life Expectancy

Both Sexes
81.9
(life expectancy at birth, both sexes combined)
Females
84.1
(life expectancy at birth, females)
Males
79.6
(life expectancy at birth, males)


Infant Mortality Rate and Deaths of Children under 5 Years Old in Germany


Infant Mortality
2.6
(infant deaths per 1,000 live births)
Deaths under age 5
3.2
(per 1,000 live births)


Germany Urban Population

Currently, 82.3% of the population of Germany is urban (68,801,281 people in 2026)


Population Density

The 2026 population density in Germany is 240 people per km² (621 people per mi2), calculated on a total land area of 348,672 km² (134,623 sq. miles).

Largest Cities in Germany

The 30 largest of 195 cities, ranked by population estimates for December 31, 2025 (by Federal Statistical Office of Germany and State statistical offices, Germany).

RankCityPopulation
1Berlin3,700,577
2Hamburg1,869,473
3Munich1,505,036
4Cologne1,025,523
5Frankfurt am Main760,656
6Düsseldorf619,444
7Leipzig615,932
8Stuttgart609,365
9Dortmund600,880
10Bremen588,413
11Essen573,618
12Dresden562,764
13Nuremberg531,159
14Hanover522,803
15Duisburg500,810
16Bochum358,880
17Wuppertal357,243
18Bielefeld331,419
19Bonn323,587
20Mannheim319,536
21Karlsruhe309,247
22Münster306,368
23Augsburg301,786
24Wiesbaden288,584
25Mönchengladbach267,176
26Gelsenkirchen266,199
27Aachen263,703
28Braunschweig252,811
29Kiel251,842
30Chemnitz247,252
See all 195 cities in Germany

See also

Sources

Definitions

Population Pyramid

A Population pyramid (also called "Age-Sex Pyramid") is a graphical representation of the age and sex of a population.

Types:

  • Expansive - pyramid with a wide base (larger percentage of people in younger age groups, indicating high birth rates and high fertility rates) and narrow top (high death rate and lower life expectancies). It suggests a growing population. Example: Nigeria Population Pyramid
  • Constrictive - pyramid with a narrow base (lower percentage of younger people, indicating declining birth rates with each succeeding age group getting smaller than the previous one). Example: United States
  • Stationary - with a somewhat equal proportion of the population in each age group. The population is stable, neither increasing nor decreasing.

Stages:

Population pyramid stages

Dependency Ratio

There are three types of age dependency ratio: Youth, Elderly, and Total. All three ratios are commonly multiplied by 100.

Youth Dependency Ratio

Definition: population ages 0-15 divided by the population ages 16-64.

Formula: ([Population ages 0-15] ÷ [Population ages 16-64]) × 100

Elderly dependency ratio

Definition: population ages 65-plus divided by the population ages 16-64.

Formula: ([Population ages 65-plus] ÷ [Population ages 16-64]) × 100

Total dependency ratio

Definition: sum of the youth and old-age ratios.

Formula: (([Population ages 0-15] + [Population ages 65-plus]) ÷ [Population ages 16-64] ) × 100

NOTE: Dependency Ratio does not take into account labor force participation rates by age group. Some portion of the population counted as "working age" may actually be unemployed or not in the labor force whereas some portion of the "dependent" population may be employed and not necessarily economically dependent.